1 丨证券研究报告丨 报告要点 固定收益丨深度报告 [Table_Title] 利率上行，地方付息压力怎么看？ %% %% %% %% research.95579.com [Table_Summary] 2025 年以来利率上行抬高了地方政府新增债券的发行成本，叠加土地收入下滑，导致其专项债 付息压力持续攀升，2025 年全国层面付息压力预计达 8.42%，正逼近 10%的政策警戒线。压力 呈现显著结构性分化，部分省份和多数地市已提前触及或超过风险阈值，债务风险呈现由基层 向省级上移趋势。尽管付息支出增长正在挤压其他财政支出空间，但由于存量债务基数庞大， 当前利率上升的边际冲击总体仍属可控，需市场利率在现有基础上再大幅上行超过 80 个基点， 才有可能会触及全国性警戒线或耗尽财政腾挪空间，因此预计地方付息压力短期内难以触发货 币政策宽松，降息或调整债券期限结构更多属于中长期应对逻辑。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 马月 马玮健 SAC：S0490524080003 SAC：S0490525080001 SFC：BVN394 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 2 / 21 %% %% %% ...

Core Viewpoint - The global economic growth outlook is improving, which is expected to boost industrial demand for palladium, particularly in the automotive sector, despite previous challenges posed by tariff policies and geopolitical tensions [2][3]. Group 1: Economic Impact and Policy Changes - In April 2025, the announcement of "reciprocal tariffs" by the Trump administration led to liquidity tightening in the dollar and a broad sell-off in financial markets, causing palladium prices to drop significantly [1]. - By mid-April 2025, international trade tensions began to ease, and monetary policies were loosened to counteract tariff impacts, stabilizing the global economic growth outlook [2]. - The Trump administration's focus on domestic issues and potential fiscal stimulus measures may shift in response to midterm election pressures, which could further influence economic policies and market conditions [2]. Group 2: Industrial Demand for Palladium - Palladium's downstream demand is primarily driven by automotive catalytic converters, accounting for approximately 85% of its usage, making it closely tied to global economic performance [2]. - The easing of trade tensions and the implementation of expansionary monetary policies by major economies are expected to enhance palladium's industrial demand in 2026 [3]. Group 3: Monetary Policy and Liquidity - Following a period of tightening, global central banks have begun to ease monetary policies, which is expected to increase liquidity and positively impact palladium's liquidity premium [4]. - The shift from balance sheet reduction to expansion by the Federal Reserve and other central banks is anticipated to further support palladium prices through a weaker dollar [4]. Group 4: Price Dynamics and Market Comparisons - Since March 2024, rising gold prices have positively influenced platinum demand, which in turn affects palladium's attractiveness and investment demand [5]. - The gold-to-palladium price ratio has decreased from a peak of 3.69 in April 2025 to around 2.5, indicating a potential recovery in palladium's value [5]. - Despite the rising platinum-to-palladium ratio, palladium's performance may lag behind platinum due to weaker demand in jewelry and investment sectors [6]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The ongoing strength in gold prices, high gold-to-palladium ratios, and improving industrial demand for palladium suggest a continued upward trend in palladium prices for 2026 [7]. - Increased volatility in palladium prices has been observed, with a significant rise in annualized volatility, indicating a dynamic trading environment [7].

Group 1 - The China Securities Hong Kong Stock Connect Financial Index (H11146) has shown a strong increase of 1.84%, with major constituent stocks such as China Life Insurance rising by 5.47%, China People's Insurance Group by 3.08%, and China Pacific Insurance by 2.83% [1] - January's credit data indicates a positive start, with major banks maintaining low net buying levels in discounting, while non-bank institutions continue to participate in the bill market, leading to a slight upward fluctuation in bill rates [1] - The People's Bank of China has injected a total of 1 trillion yuan into the market in January through a net MLF injection of 700 billion yuan and a net reverse repurchase of 300 billion yuan, indicating a clear easing monetary policy stance [1] Group 2 - GF Securities highlights that there is still room for further interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, which will effectively support early-year credit issuance and stabilize the month-end liquidity [1] - The Hong Kong Stock Connect Financial ETF (513190) is the only ETF tracking the China Securities Hong Kong Stock Connect Financial Index (H11146), comprising 46 stocks from banks, insurance, and securities listed in Hong Kong [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that the bond market is experiencing a recovery driven by three main factors: the stabilization of the 10-year government bond, the release of previously imbalanced allocation forces, and external factors such as a weakening equity market and continued monetary policy easing by the central bank [7][9][12] - The report highlights that the 10-year government bond has regained its position as the market's "central axis," which limits the downside potential of the bond market. The stabilization of the 10-year bond typically signals the nearing end of the current downward trend in the bond market [7][22][24] - It is noted that the 30-year government bond and 10-year policy financial bonds exhibit a lag in recovery, often responding quickly once the market sentiment shifts. The report suggests that the recovery speed of these long-duration bonds is typically rapid due to their high elasticity and speculative participation [22][23] Group 2 - The report identifies that the upcoming supply-demand dynamics in the ultra-long end of the bond market may pose significant disturbances, while a sustained loose monetary environment is likely to be a major benefit [24][26] - It emphasizes that the bond market's recovery is expected to continue, albeit at a slower pace, with a focus on the issuance rhythm of local government bonds post-Spring Festival. If the allocation forces diminish after the holiday, the market may revert to a state of fluctuation around March [26][18] - The report recommends prioritizing the allocation of medium to long-term bonds with higher coupon rates, particularly the 10-year policy financial bonds, while also considering participation in the primary market for 15-20 year local government bonds [26][18]

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document Core Viewpoints of the Report - The steel price is likely to continue range-bound trading due to a combination of factors. Macroscopically, tariff disturbances have weakened, and there are expectations of loose monetary policies. Industrially, the weekly output of rebar has stopped falling and rebounded, reaching around 2 million tons. It is the off - consumption season, with apparent demand declining and inventory turning from decreasing to increasing. It is recommended to conduct short - term trading of the RB2605 contract in the range of 3100 - 3165 yuan/ton [9]. - Given the positive macro expectations and the average performance of the rebar industry, the market may be range - bound. It is suggested to simultaneously sell out - of - the - money call and put options [60]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Week - by - Week Summary - **Market Review**: As of January 23, the closing price of the rebar main contract was 3142 yuan/ton (-21 yuan/ton week - on - week), and the spot price of Zhongtian rebar in Hangzhou was 3300 yuan/ton (-50 yuan/ton week - on - week). Rebar production increased to 199.55 tons (+9.25 tons week - on - week), with a year - on - year increase of 25.42 tons. Apparent demand declined to 185.52 tons (-4.82 tons week - on - week), but a year - on - year increase of 68.61 tons. Total rebar inventory was 452.1 tons (+14.03 tons week - on - week), with a year - on - year decrease of 31.11 tons. The steel mill profitability rate was 40.69%, a 0.86 - percentage - point increase week - on - week and an 8.23 - percentage - point decrease year - on - year [7]. - **Market Outlook**: Overseas, the US will not impose tariffs on eight European countries, and the Fed is expected to keep interest rates unchanged. Domestically, the central bank may cut reserve requirements and interest rates. In terms of cost, iron ore port inventory reached a new high, and coking coal and coke still have winter storage expectations. Technically, the RB2605 contract continued range - bound trading, with technical support at 3100 yuan/ton [9]. 2. Futures and Spot Market - **Futures Price**: The RB2605 contract first declined and then rebounded this week. It was stronger than the RB2610 contract, with a spread of -46 yuan/ton on the 23rd, a week - on - week increase of 3 yuan/ton [15]. - **Warehouse Receipts and Net Positions**: On January 23, the warehouse receipt volume of rebar on the Shanghai Futures Exchange was 39487 tons, a week - on - week decrease of 43193 tons. The net short position of the top 20 holders in the rebar futures contract was 66833 lots, an increase of 38128 lots compared to the previous week [22]. - **Spot Price**: On January 23, the spot price of Grade III 20mm HRB400 rebar in Hangzhou was 3300 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 50 yuan/ton; the national average price was 3321 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 30 yuan/ton. The spot price was weaker than the futures price, and the basis on the 23rd was 158 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 29 yuan/ton [28]. 3. Industry Situation - **Upstream Market**: The spot price of iron ore decreased, and the spot price of coke remained flat. The arrival volume at 45 ports decreased, while port inventory increased. The capacity utilization rate of coking plants decreased, and coke inventory increased [30][35][39]. - **Supply Side**: In December 2025, China's crude steel production decreased year - on - year. The weekly rebar production increased, the blast furnace operating rate of 247 steel mills decreased slightly week - on - week, and the electric arc furnace operating rate decreased. Rebar inventory increased [45][48][54]. - **Downstream Demand**: In 2025, real estate development investment, new housing construction area, and infrastructure investment all declined year - on - year [57]. 4. Options Market - Due to the positive macro expectations and the average performance of the rebar industry, it is recommended to simultaneously sell out - of - the - money call and put options [60].

瑞达期货研究院 「2026.1.23」 热轧卷板市场周报 多空博弈 热卷期价延续区间整理 添加客服 研究员：蔡跃辉 期货从业资格号F0251444 期货投资咨询从业证书号Z0013101 取 更 多 资 讯 业务咨询 关 注 我 们 获 目录 1. 价格：截至1月23日收盘，热卷主力合约期价为3305（-10），杭州涟钢热卷现货价格为3320（-10）。（单位： 元/吨/周） 2. 产量：热卷产量下调。305.41（-2.95），（同比-17.23）。（单位：万吨） 3. 需求：表观需求提升。本期表需314.16（+5.82），（同比+11.6）。（单位：万吨） 4. 库存：厂库增，社库降。总库存357.78（-4.55），（同比+21.27）。（单位：万吨） 5. 盈利率：钢厂盈利率40.69%，环比上周增加0.86个百分点，同比去年减少8.23个百分点。 「 周度要点小结2」 行情展望 4 来源：瑞达期货研究院 1、周度要点小结 2、期现市场 3、产业情况 「周度要点小结1」 行情回顾 3 来源：瑞达期货研究院 1. 宏观方面：海外，（1）美国总统特朗普发文称，他已经同北约秘书长吕特就未来达成有关格陵兰岛 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not specified in the provided content 2. Core View of the Report - In the context of loose policies in the US, Europe, and China, and the recovery of overseas equity markets, the sentiment in the non - ferrous metals sector is not pessimistic. Most metal prices are expected to show different trends of volatility in the short term. The non - ferrous metals sector is generally considered bullish in the medium term during the "double - loose" cycle, but the PMI data on Friday night needs further observation [2][3][13][15] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Copper - **Market Information**: LME continued to deliver stocks, precious metal prices strengthened, and copper prices declined and then rebounded. LME copper inventory increased by 8850 to 168,250 tons, with increments from North American and Asian warehouses. Domestic electrolytic copper social inventory accumulation slowed down, and the spot discount of Shanghai and Guangdong regions continued to improve marginally. The loss of spot copper imports in Shanghai narrowed to about 650 yuan/ton, and the refined - scrap copper price difference narrowed [2] - **Strategy View**: The copper ore supply remains tight, the LME market spot is relatively strong, but the North American inventory is increasing marginally, and the refined copper supply is relatively surplus. Short - term copper prices are expected to fluctuate. The reference range for the main contract of Shanghai copper today is 99,000 - 102,000 yuan/ton; the reference range for LME copper 3M is 12,650 - 13,050 US dollars/ton [3] Aluminum - **Market Information**: The sentiment in the non - ferrous metals sector fluctuated with precious metals, and aluminum prices oscillated upwards. LME aluminum closed up 0.64% at 3137 US dollars/ton, and the main contract of Shanghai aluminum closed at 24,070 yuan/ton. Domestic aluminum ingot and aluminum rod social inventories increased slightly, and the processing fee of aluminum rods decreased with poor market transactions. LME aluminum ingot inventory increased to 509,000 tons [5] - **Strategy View**: The impact of the US - Europe situation has weakened, and the sentiment has returned to the influence of the economy and policies. The high premium of US aluminum spot and the relatively low LME aluminum inventory limit the downside space of aluminum prices. The demand is expected to improve under the expectation of "rush - to - export" in the photovoltaic industry, and short - term aluminum prices still have support. The reference range for the main contract of Shanghai aluminum today is 23,900 - 24,300 yuan/ton; the reference range for LME aluminum 3M is 3100 - 3170 US dollars/ton [6][7] Cast Aluminum Alloy - **Market Information**: The price of cast aluminum alloy fluctuated, the main AD2603 contract closed down 0.17% at 22,855 yuan/ton, the weighted contract position decreased, and the trading volume shrank. The price difference between AL2603 and AD2603 contracts narrowed. Domestic mainstream ADC12 prices were flat, and downstream procurement was mainly for rigid demand. The inventory of domestic mainstream market aluminum alloy ingots decreased, while the in - factory inventory increased [9] - **Strategy View**: The cost of cast aluminum alloy is relatively strong, and the supply - side disturbances continue, so the price support is strong, but the demand is relatively average. Short - term prices are expected to fluctuate and consolidate [10] Lead - **Market Information**: The Shanghai lead index closed up 0.14% at 17,145 yuan/ton, and the LME lead 3S fell 7 to 2032 US dollars/ton. The domestic 1 lead ingot average price was 16,900 yuan/ton, and the refined - scrap lead price difference was 100 yuan/ton. The domestic and LME lead ingot inventories were 27,800 tons and 222,700 tons respectively. The national main market lead ingot social inventory increased by 4800 tons from January 19 to 34,200 tons on January 22 [12] - **Strategy View**: The visible inventory of lead concentrates declined, the production rate of primary lead remained high and increased slightly. The raw material inventory of secondary lead increased, and the weekly production rate increased marginally. The lead price is still close to the upper edge of the long - term oscillation range, and the supply of lead ingots is increasing marginally. The production rate of downstream battery enterprises is improving marginally, and the social inventory of lead ingots is accumulating. After the winter temperature drops, the transportation of waste batteries is difficult, the pricing coefficient of waste materials increases, and the smelting profit of secondary lead decreases slightly. The lead price has given back some of its gains as the sentiment in the non - ferrous metals sector fades, but the non - ferrous metals sector is still considered bullish in the medium term during the "double - loose" cycle, and the PMI data on Friday night needs further observation [13] Zinc - **Market Information**: The Shanghai zinc index closed up 0.23% at 24,412 yuan/ton, and the LME zinc 3S rose 5 to 3199 US dollars/ton. The domestic 0 zinc ingot average price was 24,310 yuan/ton, and the basis in different regions varied. The domestic and LME zinc ingot inventories were 30,300 tons and 111,900 tons respectively. The national main market zinc ingot social inventory decreased by 3500 tons from January 19 to 108,600 tons on January 22 [14] - **Strategy View**: The port inventory of zinc ore decreased slightly, the import TC of zinc concentrates decreased slightly, and the zinc smelting profit increased slightly with the rise of zinc prices. The social inventory of zinc ingots began to accumulate, and the Shanghai - LME ratio stagnated and declined. Since December 24, 2025, the domestic zinc - copper ratio has reached a new low since the listing of Shanghai zinc in 2007, and since January 9, 2026, the domestic zinc - aluminum ratio has reached a new low since 2013. Zinc prices have a large room for catch - up compared with copper and aluminum. Zinc prices are still in the process of catching up with the macro - attribute of the sector. The zinc price has given back some of its gains as the sentiment in the non - ferrous metals sector fades, but the non - ferrous metals sector is still considered bullish in the medium term during the "double - loose" cycle, and the PMI data on Friday night needs further observation [15] Tin - **Market Information**: On January 22, tin prices fell slightly, and the main contract of Shanghai tin closed at 409,010 yuan/ton, down 2.25%. The smelting production rates of tin ingots in Yunnan and Jiangxi were generally high and stable, but the refined tin output in Jiangxi was still low due to the shortage of scrap tin raw materials. The resumption of production in Wa State, Myanmar accelerated, and the raw material shortage in Yunnan was significantly relieved. The sharp rise in tin prices last week significantly suppressed downstream procurement willingness, and the market was lightly traded. As of January 16, 2026, the national main market tin ingot social inventory increased by 2560 tons to 10,636 tons [16] - **Strategy View**: The supply - demand of tin has improved marginally, the short - term inventory accumulation trend may continue to put pressure on prices, and with the withdrawal of speculative funds, tin prices may fluctuate. It is recommended to wait and see. The reference range for the domestic main contract is 390,000 - 440,000 yuan/ton, and the reference range for overseas LME tin is 48,000 - 54,000 US dollars/ton [17] Nickel - **Market Information**: On January 22, nickel prices fluctuated narrowly, and the main contract of Shanghai nickel closed at 140,410 yuan/ton, down 0.39%. In the spot market, the premium and discount of each brand were stable. The price of nickel ore was stable, and the price of nickel iron rose significantly [18] - **Strategy View**: Although the output of refined nickel is expected to increase in January, it has not been continuously reflected in the visible inventory. It is expected that under the expectation of the reduction of the RKAB quota in Indonesia, Shanghai nickel will still fluctuate widely in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see. The short - term reference range for Shanghai nickel prices is 130,000 - 160,000 yuan/ton, and the reference range for LME nickel 3M is 16,000 - 19,000 US dollars/ton [18] Lithium Carbonate - **Market Information**: The MMLC spot index of lithium carbonate closed at 165,701 yuan, up 3.62%. The average price of battery - grade lithium carbonate increased by 5750 yuan (+3.59%), and the average price of industrial - grade lithium carbonate increased by 3.82%. The LC2605 contract closed at 168,780 yuan, up 1.22%. The weekly output of domestic lithium carbonate decreased by 1.7% to 22,217 tons, and the inventory decreased by 783 tons (-0.7%) [20] - **Strategy View**: The commodity market has rebounded continuously. The main contract of lithium carbonate reached the previous high and then fell back. This week, the weekly output and inventory of domestic lithium carbonate both decreased. The "rush - to - export" of batteries supports the off - season demand, and the domestic output has reached a high point due to the maintenance of lithium salt plants. The short - term supply of the ore end is highly uncertain, the overall commodity market fluctuates greatly, and the sharp rise of lithium prices hides the risk of a callback. It is recommended to wait and see or try with a light position. The reference range for the Guangzhou Futures Exchange's lithium carbonate 2605 contract today is 160,000 - 174,000 yuan/ton [21][22] Alumina - **Market Information**: On January 22, 2026, the alumina index rose 1.7% to 2712 yuan/ton, and the unilateral trading position increased. The Shandong spot price decreased, and the overseas FOB price was stable. The import loss was 77 yuan/ton. The futures warehouse receipt increased, and the price of bauxite in Guinea decreased [24] - **Strategy View**: After the rainy season, the shipment from Guinea is gradually recovering, and with the resumption of production in the AXIS mine, the ore price is expected to fluctuate downward. The over - capacity pattern of the alumina smelting end is difficult to change in the short term, and the inventory accumulation trend continues. The market has increased expectations for the implementation of supply - contraction policies, but the continuous rebound still faces three difficulties: over - capacity in the smelting end, downward - moving cost support, and the pressure of expiring warehouse receipt delivery. It is recommended to wait and see in the short term. The reference range for the domestic main contract AO2605 is 2650 - 2800 yuan/ton, and attention should be paid to supply - side policies, Guinea's ore policies, and the Fed's monetary policy [25] Stainless Steel - **Market Information**: The main stainless - steel contract closed at 14,720 yuan/ton on Thursday, up 2.61%. The spot prices in Foshan and Wuxi markets increased. The price of raw materials such as high - nickel iron and high - carbon ferrochrome was stable or increased. The futures inventory decreased, and the social inventory decreased to 883,500 tons, with the 300 - series inventory decreasing by 1.00% [27] - **Strategy View**: On January 14, Indonesia's mining authority said that the annual nickel ore production target is expected to be about 250 - 260 million tons, and the market's optimistic sentiment has increased. Stainless steel has shown a trend of increasing volume and price. Due to the limitation of raw material supply, the production schedules of many mainstream steel mills have slowed down, and the market supply is tight. In the short term, the market is expected to remain strong, and the price may show a high - level oscillation pattern. The reference range for the main contract is 14,200 - 15,230 yuan/ton [28]

中国人民银行1月22日发布中期借贷便利(MLF)招标公告称，为保持银行体系流动性充裕，2026年1月23 日，将以固定数量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展9000亿元MLF操作，期限为1年期。 春节之前，央行持续加码中期资金投放。 王青也认为，在央行刚刚推出一系列结构性支持政策之后，短期内通过降准应对节前资金面波动的可能 性不大。 1月15日，在国新办发布会上，央行宣布一系列货币金融政策，一方面下调各类结构性货币政策工具利 率，提高银行重点领域信贷投放的积极性。另一方面完善结构性工具并加大支持力度，进一步助力经济 结构转型优化。 在董希淼看来，这些措施传递出货币政策将持续适度宽松、支持实体经济并精准引导资金流向重点领域 等清晰信号。1月23日开展较大规模的MLF操作，也是上述一系列政策措施的延续。 董希淼认为，当前我国经济回升基础仍需巩固，央行此时推出重磅系列政策措施，意在继续营造更加适 宜的货币金融环境，稳固经济复苏进程，并为中长期结构转型提供有力支持。"一系列政策措施加大向 民营、中小微企业倾斜，将进一步提振微观主体信心与活力。"董希淼说。 鉴于本月有2000亿元1年期MLF，央行将开展9000亿元MLF ...

| | 市场表现：1 月 日，A 股四大股指全线上涨，其中上证指数上涨 0.08%，报收 点；深成 21 4116.94 | | --- | --- | | | 指上涨 0.7%，报收 14255.13 点；创业板指上涨 0.54%，报收 3295.52 点；科创 50 指数上涨 3.53%， | | | 报收 1535.39 点。市场成交 26,237 亿元，较前日减少 1,805 亿元。行业板块方面，有色金属(+2.79%)， | | | 电子(+2.62%)，机械设备(+1.5%)涨幅居前；银行(-1.58%)，煤炭(-1.57%)，食品饮料(-1.53%)跌幅 | | | 居前。从市场强弱看，IC>IM>IF>IH，个股涨/平/跌数分别为 3,095/179/2,195。沪深两市，机构、主 | | | 力、大户、散户全天资金分别净流入 155、-98、-100、44 亿元，分别变动+627、+194、-345、-475 | | 股指期货 | 亿元。 | | | 基差：IM、IC、IF、IH 次月合约基差分别为 16.68、-30.89、0.27 与-6.42 点，基差年化收益率分别 | | | 为-1 ...

热点栏目 自选股 数据中心 行情中心 资金流向 模拟交易 客户端 财经五月花 摘 要 中国从外贸角度，需要寻找新动能，即发力非美市场；从国内经济角度，同样需要寻找新动能，即培育 非地产的增长拉动因素 文|顾欣宇 编辑|张威 北京时间2026年1月20日，在高盛2026年中国宏观经济及资本市场动态展望媒体交流圆桌会上，高盛首 席中国经济学家闪辉预计，2026年中国实际国内生产总值（GDP）增速为4.8%，高于4.5%的市场共识 预测。她强调，中国从外贸角度，需要寻找新动能，即发力非美市场；从国内经济角度，同样需要寻找 新动能，即培育非地产的增长拉动因素。 闪辉表示，近年来，中国经济的两个重要领域（贸易和房地产）发生了重大变化。在贸易方面，中国在 美国总进口中的份额从2000年开始一直到2024年之后发生了大的转换。2000年中国占美国所有进口的比 例是7.5%。中国进入了世界贸易组织（WTO）之后，这条线一路往上走，最高的时候超过了20%。两 次贸易战之后，这个数字又回到了7.5%的位置。房地产的新开工率方面，从2000年到2020年，房地产 高歌猛进，但是2020年之后新房开工率的数字掉得非常厉害，在2024 ...