Core Viewpoint - China has significant potential for expanding domestic demand, driven by its status as the world's second-largest economy and a population of over 1.4 billion people [1] Group 1: Consumption Potential - The total number of automobiles in China is 353 million, and the ownership of major household appliances exceeds 3 billion units, indicating a substantial annual demand potential in the consumption sector [3] - The investment demand for equipment updates is projected to exceed 5 trillion yuan annually as high-quality development progresses, with the net value of total social equipment assets around 40 trillion yuan [3] - The artificial intelligence industry in China is expected to surpass 700 billion yuan in 2024, maintaining a growth rate of over 20% for several consecutive years, indicating expanding investment opportunities [3] Group 2: Policy Measures for Domestic Demand - The government aims to enhance domestic demand by increasing the income of middle and low-income groups, boosting consumption, and expanding effective investment [4] - A total of 1.6 billion yuan has been allocated for the second batch of consumption subsidies, with an additional 1.4 billion yuan expected to be distributed based on local payment progress [5] - New policies will support the development of the service consumption sector and the elderly care industry, alongside targeted measures for specific consumer groups [5] Group 3: Automotive Sector Initiatives - The Ministry of Commerce is focusing on automotive consumption reform, including the promotion of vehicle trade and the optimization of purchase restrictions to meet consumer demand [6] - The implementation of the vehicle trade-in policy has reportedly stimulated consumption by over 720 billion yuan, benefiting numerous foreign trade and investment enterprises [7] - More than 120 million individuals have received direct subsidies from the trade-in policy, promoting the adoption of smart, green, and fashionable consumer products [7]

Group 1: Logistics and Aviation - The article emphasizes the importance of domestic demand policies benefiting aviation, logistics, and regional shipping leaders in response to external shocks [1] - Domestic airlines are expected to pause Boeing aircraft introduction plans due to rising procurement costs, potentially reducing fleet growth rates for major airlines to 2.9% by 2025/2026 [1] - The anticipated delay in Boeing's exit plan and increased procurement costs may lead to a further decline in aircraft introduction growth rates to 1%-2% by 2025 [1] - The article suggests that the upcoming May Day holiday presents an opportunity for investment in the aviation sector due to falling international oil prices and a nearing price inflection point [1] Group 2: Logistics and Regional Shipping - The expansion of domestic consumption policies is expected to stimulate demand in the logistics sector, particularly benefiting cyclical leaders closely related to the industry [1] - Historical analysis indicates that proactive fiscal policies can drive the recovery of bulk commodity demand, with the domestic trade industry's CR3 approaching 80% in 2024 [1] - Changes in demand are projected to impact freight rates, with potential transshipment demand benefiting Asian regional container ship owners [1] Group 3: Credit Bonds - The article discusses the impact of tariff policy changes on the Chinese dollar bond market, highlighting that recent adjustments are more related to liquidity tightening and risk premium increases rather than credit risk changes [3] - The current market for Chinese dollar bonds shows potential for attractive configurations, especially with expectations of U.S. Federal Reserve interest rate cuts [3] - It is recommended to focus on short to medium-term AT1 bonds from state-owned banks, which may benefit from the stabilization of U.S. Treasury rates [3] Group 4: Real Estate - The article notes the central government's push to reform the pre-sale system for commercial housing, with cities like Zhengzhou and Shenzhen experimenting with selling completed properties [5] - This shift is expected to help control supply, stabilize housing prices, and improve quality, despite potential impacts on developers' turnover rates [5] Group 5: Financial Industry - The global ETF market is projected to reach $15.09 trillion by 2024, with a highly concentrated market share among leading institutions [6] - The Chinese ETF market faces challenges such as smaller scale and limited product diversity, necessitating innovation and improved liquidity mechanisms for sustainable growth [6] - The entry of state funds into the A-share market is anticipated to create rapid development opportunities for domestic ETF businesses [6] Group 6: Aerospace - The article highlights the growing domestic demand for the C919 aircraft, with major airlines signing significant orders, indicating a shift towards domestic production capabilities [7] - The C919's EU certification is expected to be finalized soon, and there are positive signals from Southeast Asia regarding the introduction of Chinese commercial aircraft [7] - The domestic aircraft industry is projected to benefit from the ongoing recovery in civil aviation, with a focus on technological advancements in domestic engine production [7]

文 ｜ 扈世民 张昕玥 张庆焕 应对外部冲击，政策层近期高度重视"做大做强国内大循环"，采取以旧换新补贴扩容、特定群体补贴、类"消费券"政策等政策组合提振内需，关 注受益内需政策加码的航空、物流和区域集运龙头。1）航空：面对显著上升的采购成本，我们预计国内各航司将暂停波音飞机的引进计划，假 设从4月9日起国内停止引进波音飞机但保持退出计划，则我们测算2 0 2 5 / 2 0 2 6年三大航的机队增速或降低1 . 5 p c ts/ 2 . 1 p c ts至2 . 9%/ 2 . 9%。若假设 延迟波音的退出计划叠加航材采购成本上升，我们预计2 0 2 5年国内三大航飞机引进增速或降至1%~2%。关税反制进一步限制航空业供给，票价 拐点渐近，国际油价下跌释放利润空间，关注五一前航空布局机会。2）物流：以旧换新国补扩容及潜在的消费刺激政策有望传导至需求端，选 取品类相关度高的顺周期龙头。3）区域集运：复盘历史，积极的财政政策有望推动大宗商品需求的修复，2 0 2 4年内贸行业CR3接近8 0%，预计 需求变化将传导至运价端，同时潜在转运需求有望传导至亚洲区域集装箱船东，建议关注受益于内需修复弹性的内贸集运龙头 ...

扈世民｜中信证券 物流和出行服务首席分析师 S1010519040004 物流｜关税影响探讨（二）：优选内需政策受益的航空、物流和集运龙头 应对外部冲击，政策层近期高度重视"做大做强国内大循环"，采取以旧换新补贴扩 容、特定群体补贴、类"消费券"政策等政策组合提振内需，关注受益内需政策加码的 航空、物流和区域集运龙头。1）航空：面对显著上升的采购成本，我们预计国内各 航司将暂停波音飞机的引进计划，假设从4月9日起国内停止引进波音飞机但保持退出 计 划 ， 则 我 们 测 算 2025/2026 年 三 大 航 的 机 队 增 速 或 降 低 1.5pcts/2.1pcts 至 2.9%/2.9%。若假设延迟波音的退出计划叠加航材采购成本上升，我们预计2025年国 内三大航飞机引进增速或降至1%~2%。关税反制进一步限制航空业供给，票价拐点渐 近，国际油价下跌释放利润空间，关注五一前航空布局机会。2）物流：以旧换新国 补扩容及潜在的消费刺激政策有望传导至需求端，选取品类相关度高的顺周期龙头。 3）区域集运：复盘历史，积极的财政政策有望推动大宗商品需求的修复，2024年内 贸行业CR3接近80%，预计需求变化将传 ...

申万宏源宏观 . 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 作者： 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 贾东旭等 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 侯倩楠 报告正文 3. 政策跟踪：推动各方面政策措施早出手、快出手 3.1 推动中国与东盟国家关系迈上新台阶 2025 年 4 月 15-17 日，习近平主席分别会见越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨三国领导人，推动中国与东盟国 家关系迈上新台阶。 习近平主席与越方会谈聚焦增进战略互信、建设安全屏障，推进"一带一路"与"两廊一 圈"对接及人工智能等新兴领域合作；同马来西亚会谈聚焦建立外交、国防" 2+2 "对话机制，在数字经济、 绿色经济等前沿领域深化产业链融合，推动"两国双园"提质升级并打造"陆海新通道"枢纽等；与柬埔寨会见 聚焦"工业发展走廊""鱼米走廊"及能源、交通等务实合作。 | 时间 | 事件 | 要点 | 主要内容 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | 增进更高水平 | 双方要发挥好党际、立法机构、政治协商组织等渠道作用，深化治国理政经验交 | | | | 的战略互信 | 流,提高党 ...

贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 侯倩楠 报告正文 3. 政策跟踪：推动各方面政策措施早出手、快出手 3.1 推动中国与东盟国家关系迈上新台阶 2025 年 4 月 15-17 日，习近平主席分别会见越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨三国领导人，推动中国与东盟国 家关系迈上新台阶。 习近平主席与越方会谈聚焦增进战略互信、建设安全屏障，推进"一带一路"与"两廊一 圈"对接及人工智能等新兴领域合作；同马来西亚会谈聚焦建立外交、国防" 2+2 "对话机制，在数字经济、 绿色经济等前沿领域深化产业链融合，推动"两国双园"提质升级并打造"陆海新通道"枢纽等；与柬埔寨会见 聚焦"工业发展走廊""鱼米走廊"及能源、交通等务实合作。 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 | 时间 | 事件 | 雙点 | 主要内容 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 习近平主席会见越南 | 建设更加牢固 | 流,提高党对推进国家现代化的领导水平。 将两国外交、国防、公安"3+3"战略对话机制确定为部长级…坚决打击网赌电 诈等跨境犯罪,加强双边和多边特别是澜湄合作框架内执法司法合作 尽早实现双方标准轨铁路、高速公 ...

贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 联系人： 侯倩楠 报告正文 3. 政策跟踪：推动各方面政策措施早出手、快出手 3.1 推动中国与东盟国家关系迈上新台阶 2025 年 4 月 15-17 日，习近平主席分别会见越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨三国领导人，推动中国与东盟国 家关系迈上新台阶。 习近平主席与越方会谈聚焦增进战略互信、建设安全屏障，推进"一带一路"与"两廊一 圈"对接及人工智能等新兴领域合作；同马来西亚会谈聚焦建立外交、国防" 2+2 "对话机制，在数字经济、 绿色经济等前沿领域深化产业链融合，推动"两国双园"提质升级并打造"陆海新通道"枢纽等；与柬埔寨会见 聚焦"工业发展走廊""鱼米走廊"及能源、交通等务实合作。 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 | 时间 | 事件 | 雙点 | 主要内容 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | 习近平主席会见越南 | 建设更加牢固 | 流,提高党对推进国家现代化的领导水平。 将两国外交、国防、公安"3+3"战略对话机制确定为部长级…坚决打击网赌电 诈等跨境犯罪,加强双边和多边特别是澜湄合作框架内执法司法合作 尽早实现双方标准轨铁路、高速公 ...

1）中国出口到美国的企业，最大的基本都是外资或台资，以前有排名，前二十内资企业不到 30%，现在不公布了，苹果公司一年出口到美国400亿-500亿美元，算是中国产品，国内能 分到多少利润？这种只长骨头不长肉的GDP有屁用，日本从五十年代起步，30年时间工资赶 上发达国家水平，我们改开有四十多年了吧，打工人十二小时打螺丝只混个温饱。该改一改 发展模式了。 2）贸易战打击最大的不是中国，而是跨国公司，苹果就不说了，象百得公司，美国最大的工 具公司，全部产品委托国内企业生产，一块钱的产品，卖到美国至少2.5元，国内企业挣0.05 元，中国所有卖到美国、欧洲的产品，基本是这个比例关系。如果是零关税的话，跨国公司 有本事一分钱税都不交，所以特对全球加关税，肯定是内外交困没办法后的举动。 推论，国家不会再和美国就关税问题谈判，会下决心国内大循环。 lance77 看样子楼主一家都是体制内的，不用担心就业问题。 21年底中国灵活就业人数就超过2亿了，每年还有上千万的大学生就业。 sunway01 我以前在一家外贸公司工作过一段时间，这家公司规模在江苏应该排前三，见过自家产品在 国外的售价，和老外的采购聊天，他们说在中国采购 ...

Fiscal Performance - In Q1 2025, national general public budget revenue was CNY 60,189 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 1.1%[3] - National general public budget expenditure was CNY 72,815 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%[3] - In March 2025, broad fiscal revenue decreased by 1.7% year-on-year, while broad fiscal expenditure increased by 10.1%[4] Budget Completion - Q1 2025 broad fiscal revenue budget completion was 24.6%, slightly above the five-year average of 24.1%[4] - Broad fiscal expenditure budget completion was 21.9%, slightly above the five-year average of 21.8%[4] Debt Financing - In March 2025, the broad fiscal deficit reached CNY -2.3 trillion, higher than the average of CNY -1.2 trillion from 2020 to 2024[4] - The general fiscal deficit was CNY -1.3 trillion, compared to the average of CNY -0.5 trillion during the same period[4] Special Bonds Issuance - New special bonds issuance is expected to accelerate, with CNY 9,748 billion planned for Q2, a 36.5% increase from Q1[5] - CNY 1.3 trillion of special government bonds will be issued starting April 24, 2025, completing by October 10, 2025[5] Policy Measures - The government emphasizes early and rapid implementation of policies during critical time windows to positively influence market expectations[6] - Recent meetings highlighted the need for enhanced consumer confidence and support for housing demand[6]

Core Insights - The report indicates that consumers are primarily allocating their surplus funds towards savings, children's education, travel, mortgage repayments, and healthcare, with savings being the top priority [1][4]. - Despite a slight recovery in consumer sentiment in Q1, overall consumption willingness remains weak, prompting discussions on where to focus efforts to stimulate consumption [1][4]. Consumer Spending Behavior - The survey, which included 5,000 consumers across various cities and rural areas, revealed that 48.8% of surplus funds are directed towards savings, followed by 45.5% for children's education, 33.1% for travel, 32.6% for mortgage repayments, and 29.3% for healthcare [4]. - A notable 10.4% of consumers reported having no surplus funds for additional spending [4]. - High-income consumers exhibit a stronger inclination towards saving compared to their lower-income counterparts [4]. Travel and Emotional Spending - There is a robust demand for travel, indicating a trend of consumption structure upgrading, as consumers seek to relieve stress amid uncertainties [4]. - Younger consumers are increasingly willing to spend on experiences that enhance their happiness and emotional well-being [4]. Factors Influencing Consumer Spending - Key factors that could lead to increased consumer spending include income growth (72.3%), stable employment (46.2%), lower prices (43.7%), improved social security (40.6%), and reduced mortgage pressure (32.7%) [5][6]. - Compared to the previous quarter, there has been a slight increase in the percentage of consumers citing favorable macroeconomic conditions and rising stock prices as motivators for spending [6]. Challenges to Consumer Spending - The report attributes the overall lack of consumer spending willingness to cautious expectations, which have led to a sustained high savings rate [7]. - Heavy burdens from children's education and mortgage repayments are also identified as constraints on other spending [7]. Recommendations for Stimulating Consumption - Experts suggest stabilizing consumer expectations through measures such as promoting stock market recovery, curbing the decline in the real estate market, and enhancing macroeconomic stimulus to boost domestic demand [8]. - Consumers have proposed various measures to enhance spending confidence, including improving social security, increasing macroeconomic policy support, and providing consumption vouchers [8]. Impact of External Factors - The report highlights the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to external pressures, such as tariffs imposed by the U.S., which have led to reduced orders and financial difficulties [9]. - SMEs are encouraged to pivot towards domestic markets to mitigate risks associated with external market fluctuations [9].