来源：东方金诚 上周美债收益率走势回顾 2025年7月28日当周，10年期美债收益率大幅下行。具体来看：周一，当日美财政部公布的三季度借款预期大幅上调 82%，加之5年期美债拍卖意外疲软，10年期美债收益率与前一周五（7月25日）相比上行2bp至4.42%；周二，当日财政 部7年期美债标售需求强劲，10年期美债收益率由此下行8bp至4.34%；周三，当日美联储7月议息会议符合市场预期，但 会后鲍威尔讲话明显偏鹰，淡化9月降息预期，10年期美债收益率由此上行4bp至4.38%；周四，当日公布的美联储6月消 费支出数据几乎未见增长，10年期美债收益率由此小幅下行1bp至4.37%；周五，当日公布的美国非农新增就业人数远低 于预期，前两个月数据大幅下修25.8万，失业率上行，大幅推升市场对9月降息的预期，10年期美债收益率大幅下行14bp 至4.23%，与前一周五（7月25日）相比下行17bp。 2.短期走势展望 在7月非农数据的推动下，目前市场对降息已重新定价（9月降息概率超过80%），除非8月7日公布的初请失业金人数大 幅低于预期，否则预计本周降息预期仍将继续发酵，从而推动10年期美债收益率继续探底。此外，特朗 ...

Group 1: Macroeconomic Liquidity - The US dollar index has rebounded, and the degree of inversion in the China-US interest rate spread has narrowed, with inflation expectations also declining [1][12] - Offshore US dollar liquidity remains generally loose, while the domestic interbank funding environment is balanced and slightly loose, with the yield curve spread (10Y-1Y) narrowing [1][20] Group 2: Market Trading Activity - Overall market trading activity has slightly decreased but remains at a high level since March, with trading heat in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, steel, construction, consumer services, military, and communications above the 80th percentile [2][27] - Major indices have seen a decline in volatility, with most sectors' volatility below the 50th historical percentile [2][33] Group 3: Analyst Predictions - Analysts have simultaneously lowered the net profit forecasts for the entire A-share market for 2025/2026, with specific sectors such as electric power and utilities, non-ferrous metals, pharmaceuticals, and real estate seeing upward adjustments in their profit forecasts [3][51] - The net profit forecasts for the ChiNext Index and CSI 500 for 2025/2026 have been raised, while those for the Shanghai 50 and CSI 300 have been lowered [3][51] Group 4: Northbound Trading Activity - Northbound trading activity has increased, but there has been an overall net sell-off in A-shares, with a rise in the buy/sell ratio in sectors like pharmaceuticals, communications, and computers [5][31] - For stocks with Northbound holdings below 30 million shares, there has been a net buy in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and electric new energy sectors, while net selling occurred in food and beverage, agriculture, and public utilities [5][33] Group 5: Margin Financing Activity - Margin financing activity has reached a new high for the year, with a net buy of 32.458 billion yuan, primarily in pharmaceuticals, electronics, and computers, while sectors like non-ferrous metals and coal saw net selling [6][11] - The proportion of financing purchases in sectors such as communications, media, and transportation has increased [6][38] Group 6: Fund Activity - Active equity funds have increased their positions, particularly in communications, military, and steel sectors, while ETFs have experienced overall net redemptions [8][45] - The correlation between active equity funds and large/mid-cap growth/value indices has risen, indicating a shift in investment strategies [8][48]

Core Viewpoint - In June, the interbank foreign exchange market in China showed stable trading performance amid increasing geopolitical risks, easing uncertainties in U.S. trade policies, and new progress in China-U.S. economic and trade consultations [1] Trading Volume - The average daily trading volume in the interbank foreign exchange market reached $208.217 billion in June, marking a year-on-year increase of 15.71% and remaining above $200 billion for three consecutive months [3] - The average daily trading volume for the RMB foreign exchange market was $152.444 billion, reflecting an 8.89% year-on-year increase but a 3.58% month-on-month decline [3] - The foreign currency market and foreign currency interest rate market saw trading activity increase by over 30% year-on-year [3] Currency Exchange Rates - The U.S. dollar index initially rose and then fell, ending June at 96.77, a depreciation of 2.68% for the month [2] - The RMB exchange rate against the U.S. dollar fluctuated and rose, with the central parity rate on June 20 at 7.1695 [2] - The CFETS index for the RMB against a basket of currencies fell to 95.35 points by the end of June, a cumulative depreciation of 0.64% for the month [2] Interest Rate Differentials - The interest rate differential between China and the U.S. continued to narrow, with the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield dropping to 4.23% by the end of June [4] - The 10-year China-U.S. Treasury yield spread narrowed to -264 basis points, a decrease of 10 basis points from the previous month [4] Swap Points - The 1-year swap points rose to -1866 basis points by the end of June, an increase of 194 basis points, marking the highest level in nearly eight months [4] - The difference between the 1-year swap points and the theoretical value based on interest rate parity turned positive, ending at 117 basis points, the highest this year [5] - The overnight interest rate differential between domestic and foreign dollars remained negative throughout June, with the month-end rate at -18 basis points [5]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The basis for the US dollar's correction has loosened due to the lack of new driving forces. The US dollar index is in a volatile and weak pattern, while the RMB exchange market continues to operate smoothly. The euro lacks internal driving force for its movement, and the Japanese yen strengthens due to increased global risk aversion [1][3][4] - Fundamentally, the economic expectation difference is neutral, the Sino - US interest rate spread is neutral, and the uncertainty of trade policies is neutral, with the marginal negative impact weakening [2] Group 3: Summary According to Related Catalogs Market Analysis US Dollar against RMB - The US dollar index is under pressure this week. The preliminary value of the Markit manufacturing PMI in July dropped to 49.5, and Trump's tariff proposal has raised concerns about inflation and trade frictions. China's cross - border payments and receipts have reached a record high, and the foreign exchange market continues the net inflow pattern. The RMB's global payment share in June was 2.88%, and the LPR remains unchanged [1] Other Currencies - **Euro**: The economic recovery in the eurozone is slow, and the tariff negotiation process is sluggish. The preliminary values of the composite PMI and manufacturing PMI in July are 51 and 49.8 respectively, still in the contraction range. The European Central Bank maintains the interest rate unchanged and emphasizes "exceptional uncertainty" [3] - **Yen**: The US - Japan tariff crisis has eased. Japan's manufacturing PMI in July dropped to 48.8. After the two countries reached a tariff agreement, the yen strengthened due to increased risk - aversion demand [3] Strategy - **US Dollar against RMB**: It will maintain a short - term volatile and weak pattern within a range, as the US dollar index is under pressure and the market is waiting for the progress of Sino - US trade negotiations [4] - **Euro**: It will maintain a volatile pattern due to weak consumption in the eurozone and ongoing US - EU trade negotiation games [4] - **Yen**: It will maintain a relatively strong volatile pattern after the US - Japan trade agreement [4]

Group 1 - The interbank foreign exchange market showed stable trading with an average daily transaction volume of $208.2 billion in June, a year-on-year increase of 15.7% [2] - The average daily trading volume of the RMB foreign exchange market was $152.4 billion, up 8.9% year-on-year, while foreign currency trading grew over 30% [2] - The US dollar index experienced fluctuations, initially rising and then declining, ending the month at 96.77, a depreciation of 2.68% [3] Group 2 - The RMB exchange rate showed a steady increase, fluctuating between 7.17 and 7.19, with a month-end value of 7.1656, appreciating by 0.94% [4] - The CFETS RMB exchange rate index fell to its lowest level since 2021, closing at 95.35, a cumulative depreciation of 0.64% for the month [4] - The offshore and onshore exchange rates continued to align closely, with the average daily deviation being minimal [5] Group 3 - The foreign exchange market saw a shift towards net selling, with an average daily net selling of $8.51 million, an increase of $5.84 million from May [6] - The market sentiment index rose to 62.78, slightly above the historical average, indicating a stable trading environment [6] Group 4 - The implied volatility of foreign exchange options decreased, with the average daily transaction volume reaching $8.28 billion, a 6.12% increase from the previous month [7] - The short-term implied volatility for the RMB against the USD fell from 3.8% to around 3.5% [7] Group 5 - The interest rate differential between China and the US continued to narrow, with the 10-year US Treasury yield dropping to 4.23% by month-end [8] - The 1-year swap points increased to -1866 basis points, the highest in nearly eight months, indicating a shift in market dynamics [8][9] Group 6 - The US dollar liquidity remained loose, with the domestic dollar financing costs showing a clear advantage [10] - The overnight interest rate differential between domestic and foreign markets remained negative, reaching a new high of -18 basis points by month-end [11]

Group 1 - The Loan Prime Rate (LPR) remains unchanged for July 2025, with the 1-year LPR at 3.0% and the 5-year LPR at 3.5%, consistent with the levels set after a reduction in June 2025 [1] - Market expectations indicated a high probability of the LPR remaining stable due to unchanged policy rates and recovering economic data reducing the urgency for rate cuts [2] - The pricing mechanism for LPR remains stable, as the Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) rate and reverse repurchase operation rate have not been adjusted, limiting the downward space for LPR [2] Group 2 - The economic policy is currently in an observation phase following the June LPR reduction, with the GDP growth rate for the first half of the year at 5.3%, leading to a decreased necessity for further rate cuts [3] - Commercial banks are experiencing pressure on net interest margins, which are at historical lows of 1.54%, limiting the motivation to compress interest spreads further [4] - The interest rate differential between China and the U.S. is constraining domestic rate cuts, especially with the Federal Reserve maintaining high rates [5] Group 3 - Mortgage rates remain low, with the average first-home loan rate at 3.90% and second-home loan rate at 4.81%, showing a decline compared to the previous year [6] - The reduction in LPR has eased the repayment pressure for borrowers, with a typical monthly payment decrease of 54.32 yuan for a 1 million yuan loan over 30 years [7] - Current corporate loan rates are around 3.2%, indicating manageable financing costs for businesses [8] Group 4 - Short-term adjustments to the LPR are limited, with expectations of stability if economic data continues to improve in Q3 2025; however, a reserve requirement ratio cut is more likely than a rate cut [8] - There remains potential for a medium to long-term reduction in LPR if the Federal Reserve initiates rate cuts or if domestic demand weakens [8] - Regulatory measures may shift towards reducing non-interest costs and enhancing fiscal support to stimulate the economy [8]

Core Viewpoint - Recent early termination of multiple USD wealth management products due to performance "meeting standards" has raised market concerns about the changing landscape of USD investments, shifting from "easy profits" to "high-risk speculation" [1][2][11]. Group 1: Market Trends - As of July 17, the total outstanding USD wealth management products exceeded 500 billion RMB, indicating a significant market presence [6]. - The average annualized yield for USD wealth management products as of the end of June was 3.96%, a substantial decline of nearly 70 basis points compared to the same period last year [6][12]. - The USD index experienced an 11% drop in the first half of 2025, marking the largest decline for the index in a half-year period since 1973, which has impacted the profitability of USD investments [12][13]. Group 2: Product Specifics - The "Zhaoyin Wealth Management Zhaorui USD Overseas QDII" product was terminated nearly 18 months early after reaching its preset profit target of 4.20% annualized yield, originally set to mature on December 15, 2026 [3][4]. - Another product, "Stable Exchange Income Enhanced QDII," also terminated early due to meeting preset conditions [3]. Group 3: Investor Sentiment and Risks - Investors are advised to be cautious as the attractiveness of USD interest rates diminishes, with expectations of potential interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [11][12]. - The narrowing interest rate differential between USD and RMB investments is reducing arbitrage opportunities, with the average performance benchmark for R2 level RMB wealth management products at 2.56% [12]. - The risk of currency fluctuations is significant, as the depreciation of the USD against the RMB could erode interest earnings, necessitating a careful assessment of risk-adjusted returns [11][12][13].

Group 1: Macro Liquidity - The US dollar index continued to rise, with the degree of inversion in the China-US interest rate differential deepening, and inflation expectations rebounding [1][13] - Offshore dollar liquidity has marginally eased, while the domestic interbank funding situation tightened initially before easing, with the yield curve steepening [1][19] Group 2: Market Trading Activity - Overall market trading activity has rebounded, with most industry trading heat above the 80th percentile, particularly in sectors like computers, light industry, textiles, pharmaceuticals, communications, and machinery [2][26] - Major indices' volatility has decreased, with most industry volatilities below the 40th historical percentile [2][31] Group 3: Institutional Research - High research activity was noted in sectors such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, computers, communications, retail, and automotive [3][14] Group 4: Analyst Forecasts - Analysts have raised net profit forecasts for the entire A-share market for 2025/2026, with most sectors including non-ferrous metals, real estate, communications, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, machinery, building materials, light industry, electronics, transportation, electricity and utilities, retail, construction, steel, electric new energy, consumer services, and banking seeing upward revisions [3][4][19] - The proportion of stocks with upward revisions in net profit forecasts for 2025/2026 has increased across the A-share market [4][17] Group 5: Northbound Trading Activity - Northbound trading activity has increased, with overall net selling of A-shares; the buy/sell ratio in sectors like non-ferrous metals, communications, and computers has risen [4][5] - Northbound funds primarily net bought sectors such as military, automotive, and pharmaceuticals, while net selling was observed in computers, electronics, and media [4][33] Group 6: Margin Financing Activity - Margin financing activity has continued to rise, reaching the highest point since March of this year, with net purchases mainly in sectors like computers, machinery, and electronics [5][12] - The proportion of margin financing in sectors such as steel, communications, and home appliances has increased [5][38] Group 7: Fund Activity - Active equity funds have increased their positions, particularly in TMT, home appliances, and oil and petrochemicals, while reducing positions in pharmaceuticals, retail, and agriculture [6][45] - New equity fund establishment has significantly increased, with both active and passive equity fund sizes rising [6][50]

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced that the 1-year Loan Prime Rate (LPR) remains at 3.0% and the 5-year LPR at 3.5%, aligning with market expectations and reflecting multiple influencing factors such as policy observation, bank margin pressure, and external environment [1] - In May, financial authorities implemented a series of policies including a 0.5 percentage point reserve requirement ratio cut and a reduction in policy rates, which led to a 10 basis point decrease in LPR [1] - The stability of the 7-day reverse repurchase rate at 1.40% has been a direct reason for the difficulty in lowering the LPR [1] Group 2 - The external environment is significant, as the U.S. Federal Reserve is maintaining its federal funds rate between 4.25% and 4.50%, which could increase the volatility of the RMB exchange rate if the LPR decreases too quickly [2] - Current loan rates for enterprises and residents are at historical lows, with the weighted average interest rate for new corporate loans at approximately 3.3%, down 45 basis points year-on-year, and new personal housing loan rates at about 3.1%, down 60 basis points [2] - The pressure on banks' liabilities has not significantly improved, leading to insufficient motivation for banks to actively lower the LPR [2] Group 3 - Market views suggest that while there may still be potential for rate cuts in the second half of the year, the speed and extent of any decreases will be constrained by multiple factors [3] - The current issue of "expensive financing" is not seen as the primary concern, and future reductions in overall financing costs may focus on lowering non-interest costs such as collateral and intermediary service fees [3] - Attention should be paid to upcoming key meetings and decisions from overseas central banks, as these will influence the necessity and feasibility of further rate cuts in China [3]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market has been in a sideways trend for three months. After the equal - tariff disturbance in early April, the yield of the 10 - year Treasury bond dropped to 1.65% and has since fluctuated between 1.65% and 1.70% [2][10]. - There are four changes in institutional behavior during the sideways period of the bond market, including changes in the behavior of large banks, the actions of funds and other asset management products, the allocation preferences of insurance institutions, and the change in the lending volume of 10 - year Treasury bonds [2][3][10]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 This Week's Institutional Behavior Review - **Four Changes in Institutional Behavior during the Sideways Period of the Bond Market** - Large banks not only increase their purchases of short - term Treasury bonds but also their demand for certificates of deposit. Their weekly demand for certificates of deposit has rebounded to over 100 billion yuan since late May, indicating improved liability - side pressure. After the mid - month tax period disturbance, the liquidity may further loosen [2][10]. - Funds extend the duration of their bond holdings, and asset management products such as trusts increase their purchases. The median duration of interest - rate bond funds has risen to 3.92 years, about 1 year higher than at the beginning of the sideways period, suggesting that non - bank institutions are holding bonds in anticipation of price increases [3][10]. - Insurance institutions have almost stopped buying Treasury bonds in the secondary market and mainly allocate local government bonds, especially 30 - year and 20 - year ones [3][11]. - The lending volume of 10 - year Treasury bonds has significantly declined, while the lending volume of 10 - year China Development Bank bonds has remained flat. The decrease in Treasury bond borrowing by securities firms may be due to limited space for reverse arbitrage strategies in the futures market [3][11]. - **Yield Curve**: The yields of Treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds have generally declined. For Treasury bonds, the 1Y yield dropped 2bp, the 3Y about 2bp, etc. For China Development Bank bonds, the 1Y yield dropped about 1bp, the 5Y about 2bp, etc [12]. - **Term Spread**: The spread between Treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds has increased. For Treasury bonds, the term spread has generally widened; for China Development Bank bonds, the medium - and long - term spreads have widened [15][16]. 3.2 Bond Market Leverage and Liquidity - **Leverage Ratio**: It has dropped to 107.09%. From July 14 to July 18, 2025, the leverage ratio first increased and then decreased during the week [19]. - **Pledged Repurchase**: The average daily trading volume of pledged repurchase this week was 7.2 trillion yuan, with an average daily overnight trading volume accounting for 88.54%. The average daily trading volume decreased by 0.97 trillion yuan compared with last week [25]. - **Liquidity**: Banks' net lending has fluctuated upwards. As of July 18, the net lending of large banks and policy banks was 4.18 trillion yuan; the average daily net lending of joint - stock banks and city and rural commercial banks was 0.77 trillion yuan, and they had a net borrowing of 0.75 trillion yuan on July 18 [29]. 3.3 Duration of Medium - and Long - Term Bond Funds - **Median Duration**: The median duration of medium - and long - term bond funds remained at 2.87 years (de - leveraged) and 3.22 years (leveraged). On July 18, the de - leveraged median duration was the same as last Friday, while the leveraged median duration increased by 0.01 year [42]. - **Duration of Interest - Rate Bond Funds**: The median duration of interest - rate bond funds (leveraged) remained at 3.92 years, and the median duration of credit - bond funds (leveraged) rose to 2.99 years, an increase of 0.01 year compared with last Friday [46]. 3.4 Comparison of Category Strategies - **Sino - US Yield Spread**: It has generally narrowed. The 1Y spread narrowed by 5bp, the 2Y by 7bp, etc [52]. - **Implied Tax Rate**: The short - term implied tax rate has widened, while the medium - and long - term rates have shown differentiation [53]. 3.5 Changes in Bond Lending Balance On July 18, the lending concentration of the active bonds of 10 - year Treasury bonds, 10 - year China Development Bank bonds, and 30 - year Treasury bonds showed an upward trend, while that of the second - active bonds of 10 - year Treasury bonds and 10 - year China Development Bank bonds showed a downward trend. Except for securities firms, the lending concentration of all other institutions increased [54].