宏观经济 | 专题报告 美元周期还在探底，人民币升值顺风未尽 报告发布日期 2026 年 01 月 05 日 | 王仲尧 | 执业证书编号：S0860518050001 | | --- | --- | | | 香港证监会牌照：BQJ932 | | | wangzhongyao1@orientsec.com.cn | | | 021-63326320 | | 吴泽青 | 执业证书编号：S0860524100001 | | | wuzeqing@orientsec.com.cn | | | 021-63326320 | | 孙金霞 | 执业证书编号：S0860515070001 | | | sunjinxia@orientsec.com.cn | | | 021-63326320 | | 曹靖楠 | 执业证书编号：S0860520010001 | | | caojingnan@orientsec.com.cn | | | 021-63326320 | 研究结论 外部定价锚是美元周期。2025 年美国就业超预期走弱、美联储三次降息，美元指数 今年以来大概跌了将近 10%，这是人民币今年整体升值的最主要来源。 内部定 ...

美元兑瑞郎的价格行为与年末以来的节奏高度一致：先在0.7860附近出现阶段性止跌，再回到0.79上方 整理。当前0.7930所处位置，介于前期反弹后的整理区间之内，而上方0.7950一带也容易成为技术交易 者关注的参考区。若从动量指标观察，日线图上MACD仍处于零轴下方，柱状动能接近收敛，意味着下 行趋势的惯性在减弱，但并未完全扭转；RSI约在44附近，说明市场并未进入明显超卖的极端状态，更 符合"弱势反弹后横盘修复"的典型形态。 更值得注意的是，美元兑瑞郎在过去一年显著回落的背景下，市场对"美元周期"与"避险溢价"之间的权 重正在重新分配。若市场担忧上升，瑞郎的避险属性会使其相对更强；而当风险偏好回暖时，瑞郎的强 势通常也不会立刻完全消退，因为利率预期与资金避险配置往往具有惯性。因此，汇价在0.79附近反复 拉锯，并不矛盾：它反映的是两股力量的同步存在——美元端的短期数据韧性提供支撑，但更长期的宽 松预期压制上行；瑞郎端既有数据改善的加分项，也有避险需求的底盘效应。 周五（1月2日）美元兑瑞郎北美时段交投于0.7930附近，整体表现较为平稳，最终收跌0.01%，报 0.7923。美元对瑞郎汇率在去年末曾下探 ...

2025年市场波动中，新兴市场货币表现强劲，新兴市场外汇交易兴趣大增也成为亮点。而2026年美元疲 软趋势预计将持续，这将有利于新兴市场。对冲基金和银行外汇交易部门受益最大。 例如，作为长期以来在新兴市场中处于边缘地位的货币，匈牙利福林的交易量自美国总统特朗普于今年 1月上任以来已增长了一倍多。自他宣布大规模的"解放日"进口关税政策以来，交易者的兴趣更是与日 俱增。交易员、策略师和对冲基金表示，这些交易量的增加并非偶然现象;他们正在参与规模高达每天1 万亿美元的全球外汇市场交易。 今年，福林兑美元汇率已上涨约20%，创下近25年来最佳表现，成为2025年新兴货币表现最佳的货币之 一。从更广泛的层面来看，今年新兴市场货币的表现也相当不错：MSCI新兴市场货币指数在7月创下历 史新高，并有望实现自2017年以来的最佳年度表现，涨幅超过6%。接受机构调查的交易员、基金经理 和分析师大多预计这一趋势明年也将持续下去。 新兴市场货币表现强劲得益于美元波动性增强且持续走弱，这促使投资者重新审视对美元的投资敞口， 并对长期以来美元的强势和全球货币地位提出质疑。与此同时，他们正在押注一些发展中国家(从南非 到匈牙利)的经济价 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong stock market is expected to experience a dual boost from earnings and valuations in the coming year [1] Group 1: Liquidity Perspective - The anticipated expansion of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet is viewed positively for Hong Kong stocks [1] - A downward trend in the dollar cycle is expected to enhance overseas liquidity, benefiting the Hong Kong market [1] Group 2: Fundamental Perspective - There is an expectation for a turning point in the Producer Price Index (PPI) domestically next year [1] - Certain assets are anticipated to have opportunities for earnings upgrades [1]

美联储青睐的通胀指标发布前两个小时，彭博社专门报道美联储的记者Amara Omeokwe撰写了一篇长长的文章（近1000个英文单词，标准的新闻通常在 250–450）——美联储要继续降息，但这次降息对经济的效果，可能比以往都更慢、更弱。 来源：华尔街情报圈 · 第三，特别强调"官员分歧严重、降息路径不确定"，暗示美联储下一次降息声明，可能偏"鸽中带鹰"或"很谨慎"，别过度解读降息——这是需要提前告 知市场的。 简而言之，彭博在帮美联储说市场不方便说的话。美联储不能公开说："降息没什么用"、"经济的问题是关税造成的"、"政策不确定性比利率重要"。 彭博专门跑FOMC渠道的记者，文章往往带有"美联储背景板、华盛顿风向"的混合信号——这是美联储间接传话的一种方式。 这篇文章非常长，但全部是围绕"降息效果分析"： - 降息了，为什么房市不一定回暖，即便房贷利率降了，也没人敢冲进去买房。 - 降息对制造业也没用，真正困扰的是关税。 - 降息并没有真正降低"普通人看到的利率"。 - 现在的美联储处在一个"两难境地"：想救就业，要降息；想压通胀，要维持高利率。 从发布时间看，有明显的时机性与信号性。 · 第一，暗示数据即便 ...

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The records focus on the foreign exchange market dynamics, particularly the outlook for the Chinese Yuan (RMB) against the US Dollar (USD) through 2026, highlighting the implications of monetary policy differences between the US and China [1][2]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Interest Rate Expectations**: The market anticipates a significant divergence in interest rate cuts between the US and China, with expectations of over 75 basis points in the US and around 25 basis points in China, which could favor RMB appreciation [1][2]. - **Unsettled Foreign Exchange Amounts**: Current assessments suggest that the actual unsettled foreign exchange amounts are closer to $150-200 billion, rather than the previously estimated $800-1,200 billion, due to the inversion of interest rates leading to increased overseas direct investments [1][3][4]. - **Weak Dollar Cycle**: The USD is entering a new weak cycle expected to last 3-5 years, influenced by factors such as de-dollarization trends, reduced US Treasury holdings, and fiscal deficits, which may provide long-term appreciation opportunities for the RMB [1][5]. - **China's Current Account Surplus**: A robust current account surplus, combined with the repatriation of overseas investment profits, supports the RMB's mid-term fundamentals, with seasonal settlement becoming increasingly important for RMB appreciation [1][6]. - **Federal Reserve's Dovish Stance**: The Federal Reserve's internal divisions suggest a continued dovish approach, with personnel changes potentially accelerating rate cuts, further pressuring the USD and enhancing RMB appreciation [1][7]. Additional Important Insights - **RMB Stability Amidst Weak USD**: Despite the weak USD, the RMB has not experienced significant volatility due to a shift in settlement structures from USD dominance to a diversified currency basket, reducing sensitivity to USD fluctuations [1][8]. - **Long-term RMB Policy**: China's RMB policy currently aims for stability, with a long-term trend towards appreciation to alleviate economic growth pressures, particularly in light of the 2035 GDP doubling goal [1][9][10]. - **Factors Influencing RMB Exchange Rate**: Future RMB exchange rates will be influenced by political uncertainties, changes in US-China interest rate differentials, and economic expectations, with a stable global economy supporting RMB appreciation [1][11]. - **2026 RMB Exchange Rate Outlook**: The expectation for 2026 includes a potential 7% appreciation of the RMB against the USD, with various hedging tools available for enterprises to manage foreign exchange risks [1][12][14]. Hedging Strategies - **Choosing Hedging Tools**: Enterprises are advised to consider different contract types and rolling methods for hedging, with forward contracts generally being more expensive than futures. Strategies to optimize costs include using deep discount contracts and adjusting hedging ratios based on market conditions [1][14][16]. Arbitrage Opportunities - **HKD and USD Arbitrage**: Under the Hong Kong dollar's peg to the USD, there are opportunities for arbitrage, particularly when interest rate differentials widen, and during periods of market intervention by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority [1][15]. This summary encapsulates the key points from the conference call records, providing a comprehensive overview of the foreign exchange market dynamics and the outlook for the RMB.

Core Viewpoint - The current gold bull market may not be over, as historical comparisons indicate that its price increase and duration are still below the major upcycles of the 1970s and 2000s [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Market Outlook - Given the current macroeconomic uncertainties, the long-term adjustment of global reserve structures, and the potential decline of the dollar cycle, the gold bull market is expected to continue [1] - The possibility of gold prices exceeding $5,000 per ounce next year cannot be ruled out if the current trends persist [1] Investment Strategy - Despite the clear bull market logic, gold is currently considered one of the more expensive asset classes, which may increase asset volatility [1] - It is recommended to maintain an overweight position in gold while reducing speculative trading, focusing instead on strategies such as buying on dips and regular investments, with an emphasis on gold's long-term asset allocation value [1]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report discusses the A-share market and its investment strategy outlook for 2026, highlighting a potential shift from growth to value investment styles around mid-2026 [1][2][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Market Style Shift**: A significant transition from growth to value investment styles is anticipated around June 2026, with growth stocks currently favored until then [2][16]. - **Performance of Key Indices**: Since September 2024, major indices like the Sci-Tech 50, North Exchange 50, and ChiNext have seen gains exceeding 100%, driven by sectors such as TMT, power equipment, and non-ferrous metals, benefiting from AI, new energy, and global demand growth [1][3]. - **Investment Focus**: Institutional investors are advised to focus on the rotation between growth and value styles rather than market capitalization. The current phase is characterized by a bull market in technology growth stocks [5][21]. - **Global and Domestic Factors**: The pricing of growth stocks is influenced by global interest rates and industry trends, while value stocks are more reliant on domestic pricing. Changes in the US dollar interest rates can significantly impact market dynamics [1][6][8]. - **Liquidity and Market Impact**: The flow of funds and liquidity conditions have a substantial effect on market performance. The phenomenon of "deposit migration" reflects how domestic investors react to foreign capital flows [9][10][12]. Important but Overlooked Content - **"Deposit Migration" Explained**: This phenomenon indicates a shift in asset allocation from real estate to the stock market, closely tied to global capital movements rather than just domestic savings trends [10][11]. - **Historical Context**: Past market behaviors during periods of strong industry trends but weak liquidity (e.g., 2009-2010) and strong trends with ample liquidity (e.g., 2019-2021) illustrate the complex interplay between liquidity and market performance [13][14]. - **PPI and Market Dynamics**: The Producer Price Index (PPI) turning positive is crucial for the market's transition from growth to value styles. The timeline for this transition is projected based on historical patterns [20][21]. - **Sector Focus for 2026**: The upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan is expected to drive significant trading activity in the first half of 2026, with potential adjustments in the second half [19][23]. Future Investment Strategy - **Key Investment Themes**: Emphasis on technology and safety, along with reform and growth, should guide investment decisions. Monitoring government reports and fiscal spending will be critical for identifying catalysts [24]. - **Market Outlook**: If no breakout applications emerge in the AI sector by mid-2026, a mid-term adjustment may occur, impacting stock prices significantly due to concentrated positions in AI-related stocks [18][24]. This summary encapsulates the essential insights and projections regarding the A-share market and investment strategies leading into 2026, emphasizing the importance of understanding market dynamics and sector performance.

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the cyclical nature of commodity markets, emphasizing the importance of macroeconomic factors such as the dollar cycle, global economic growth quality, and policy changes in major economies, while analyzing historical trends and their implications for future commodity pricing [4][5][6]. Group 1: Historical Context of Commodity Cycles - Different eras have distinct dominant factors influencing commodity prices, with a review structured around significant events and changes in the global landscape [7]. - The 1970s marked a unique period of stagflation, initiated by the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, leading to a decoupling of the dollar from gold, resulting in a chaotic economic environment where commodity prices surged despite economic recession [11][12]. - The 1980s saw a recovery with the stabilization of the dollar and economic growth in the U.S., where commodity prices were positively correlated with GDP, particularly during the period of the Plaza Accord [15][16]. Group 2: Economic Growth and Commodity Prices - The relationship between commodity cycles and economic growth attributes is significant, with emerging economies and new growth drivers having a more substantial impact on commodity trends than inventory cycles [10]. - The early 2000s experienced a super bull market in commodities driven by China's industrialization and demand, with the CRB index rising from 200 to 480 before the financial crisis [21][23]. - Post-financial crisis, the period from 2008 to 2018 was characterized by China's stimulus measures, which temporarily boosted commodity prices, but ultimately led to overcapacity and a prolonged bear market [28][32]. Group 3: Current and Future Trends - The era of de-globalization, marked by U.S.-China tensions and the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinforced the monetary attributes of commodities, leading to a recent bull market in the CRB index [35][38]. - The relationship between the CRB index and China's economic cycles has weakened, indicating a shift in the dynamics of commodity demand and pricing [39]. - The long-term price range of commodities is influenced by their monetary attributes and cyclical properties, with potential for the CRB index to rise to a new range of 500-700 due to ongoing monetary expansion [47].

Group 1: Dollar Performance and Trends - The dollar index rose to a high of 99.6 on October 9, marking the highest level since early August, following a strong appreciation since October 6[5] - The dollar's rebound can be divided into three phases, with the first phase seeing a rise from 96.6 to 98.6, an increase of 2.1%[14] - The second phase, from September 26 to October 3, saw a slight decline in the dollar index to 97.7 due to government shutdown concerns[17] - The third phase, from October 6 to October 9, was driven by political turmoil in Japan and France, leading to a spike in the dollar index to 99.6[18] Group 2: Factors Influencing Dollar Rebound - The rebound is viewed as a temporary phase within a longer-term depreciation trend, with four main reasons for potential difficulty in sustaining the rise[6] - The expectation of a prolonged government shutdown could lead to renewed downward pressure on the dollar, with a 67% probability of a shutdown lasting more than 15 days[21] - Recent political changes in Japan and France are seen as one-time events that are unlikely to alter the dollar's long-term trajectory significantly[25] - Ongoing trade tensions between the U.S. and China may act as a new resistance to the dollar's rebound, potentially counteracting its recent gains[26] Group 3: Economic Indicators and Predictions - The U.S. economy shows resilience, with GDP growth for Q3 2025 projected at 3.8%, which diminishes the necessity for aggressive rate cuts[28] - Market expectations indicate that the Federal Reserve may lower rates 2-4 times by the end of 2026, which is ahead of the Fed's own guidance[29] - The dollar's long-term depreciation hypothesis suggests that a stable dollar index below 95 or 90 requires new "game changers" such as significant fiscal tightening or unexpected monetary policy shifts in non-U.S. economies[34]