宏观月报 / 2025.05.31 ——5 月 PMI 数据解读 证券研究报告 分析师 陈兴 SAC 证书编号：S0160523030002 chenxing@ctsec.com 分析师 马骏 SAC 证书编号：S0160523080004 majun@ctsec.com 相关报告 1. 《PMI 节前还比较弱——1 月 PMI 数 据解读》 2024-01-31 2. 《PMI 节后表现如何？——2 月 PMI 数据解读》 2024-03-01 3. 《出口带动需求回暖——3 月 PMI 数 据解读》 2024-03-31 4. 《生产高位扩张，价格持续上行—— 4 月 PMI 数据解读》 2024-04-31 5. 《成本压力上升——5 月 PMI 数据解 读》 2024-05-31 6. 《PMI 还是弱了些——6 月 PMI 数据 解读》 2024-06-30 7. 《出口订单创同期新高——7 月 PMI 数据解读》 2024-07-31 8. 《外需仍有回升——8 月 PMI 数据解 读》 2024-08-31 9. 《PMI 再现背离，经济景气如何？— —9 月 PMI 数据解读》 2024-09 ...

Market Performance - The majority of government bond futures closed lower, with the 30-year main contract down 0.04% at 119.400 yuan, while the 10-year main contract remained flat at 108.730 yuan [1] - The yields on major interbank bonds rose, with the 30-year government bond yield increasing by 0.65 basis points to 1.9240%, and the 10-year government development bond yield rising by 0.45 basis points to 1.7140% [1] Funding Conditions - The central bank announced a 215.5 billion yuan 7-day reverse repo operation at a fixed rate of 1.40%, with a net injection of 58.5 billion yuan for the day [2] - Liquidity remains ample, with overnight and 7-day pledged repo rates declining, indicating a stable funding environment ahead of month-end [2] - The latest transaction rate for one-year interbank certificates of deposit is around 1.71%, showing little change from the previous day [2] News Highlights - During this year's Dragon Boat Festival holiday, the average daily inbound and outbound personnel at national ports is expected to reach 2.15 million, a 12.2% increase from last year [3] - The Ministry of Finance reported that in April, a total of 253.4 billion yuan in new local government bonds were issued, with 230.1 billion yuan in special bonds [3] - The total issuance of local government bonds reached 693.3 billion yuan, indicating a potential increase in investment growth in May and June [3] Operational Suggestions - The bond market is expected to continue its narrow fluctuations, with limited downside risk due to the central bank's support for liquidity [4] - Short-term 10-year government bond yields are projected to fluctuate between 1.65% and 1.7%, while 30-year bond yields may range from 1.85% to 1.95% [4] - A cautious approach is recommended, focusing on high-frequency economic data and funding dynamics, with attention to the upcoming PMI data [4]

Market Performance - Treasury futures closed lower across the board, with the 30-year main contract down 0.26% at 119.460, the 10-year main contract down 0.11% at 108.735, the 5-year main contract down 0.03% at 106.030, and the 2-year main contract down 0.02% at 102.408 [1] - Major interbank bond yields rose, with the 30-year government bond yield increasing by 0.8 basis points to 1.9180%, the 10-year government bond yield rising by 1.4 basis points to 1.7090%, and the 3-year government bond yield up by 0.50 basis points to 1.4925% [1] Funding Conditions - The central bank announced a fixed-rate reverse repurchase operation of 448 billion yuan for 7 days at an interest rate of 1.40%, with a net injection of 91 billion yuan for the day [2] - Liquidity remains loose, with overnight and 7-day pledged repo rates declining, the former down over 6 basis points and the latter down over 3 basis points [2] - The one-year interbank certificates of deposit rates are around 1.71%, showing little change from the previous day, indicating pressure on banks' liabilities [2] Operational Suggestions - The bond market is expected to continue a narrow range of fluctuations, with limited risk of a significant decline in the short term due to the central bank's support for liquidity [3] - Short-term 10-year government bond yields are anticipated to fluctuate between 1.65% and 1.7%, while 30-year government bond yields are expected to range between 1.85% and 1.95% [3] - A single strategy of observation is recommended, focusing on high-frequency economic data and liquidity dynamics, while a spread strategy is suggested for the 2509 contract [3]

Group 1: Industry Ratings - No industry investment ratings are provided in the report. Group 2: Core Views - The fundamentals for copper prices still provide some support, and Shanghai copper is expected to remain range - bound before the holiday [1]. - Aluminum prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term due to factors such as inventory changes and export incentives [2]. - Nickel is expected to have limited downside due to cost support but is likely to experience weak and volatile trading in the medium - to - long term due to supply surplus [4]. - Tin prices are expected to have increased volatility, and range trading is recommended, with attention on supply and demand [5]. Group 3: Summary by Metal Copper - As of May 27, the Shanghai copper main 07 contract fell 0.01% to 77,900 yuan/ton. Macro - disturbances have weakened, but Sino - US trade issues remain uncertain. Mine - end disruptions continue, and the cost pressure on smelters limits price decline. Consumption in May is weaker than in April but better than the same period. Social inventory is at a low level with slight accumulation. The price is expected to be range - bound before the holiday [1]. - In the spot market, domestic spot copper prices fell slightly, and the trading was sluggish [6]. - SHFE copper futures warehouse receipts increased by 2,128 tons to 34,961 tons, and LME copper inventory decreased by 2,575 tons to 162,150 tons [15]. Aluminum - As of May 27, the Shanghai aluminum main 07 contract fell 0.57% to 20,040 yuan/ton. Some mining licenses in Guinea were revoked. Alumina operating capacity is expected to recover gradually. The operating capacity of electrolytic aluminum increased slightly. The downstream开工 rate is weakening, but inventory has decreased unexpectedly. Aluminum prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term [2]. - In the spot market, the trading was stable, and the downstream increased procurement [7]. - SHFE aluminum futures warehouse receipts decreased by 775 tons to 54,567 tons, and LME aluminum inventory decreased by 3,000 tons to 381,575 tons [15]. Nickel - As of May 27, the Shanghai nickel main 07 contract fell 0.58% to 122,310 yuan/ton. The nickel ore market in Indonesia is tight, and nickel downstream has limited acceptance of high - priced nickel ore. The refined nickel market has an oversupply situation. Nickel is expected to have limited downside due to cost but face long - term supply surplus and weak and volatile trading [3][4]. - In the spot market, nickel prices fell [12]. - SHFE nickel futures warehouse receipts decreased by 130 tons to 22,120 tons, and LME nickel inventory increased by 1,362 tons to 199,998 tons [15]. Tin - As of May 27, the Shanghai tin main 07 contract rose 0.06% to 264,790 yuan/ton. Supply has recovered, and consumption in the semiconductor industry is expected to improve. Inventory is at a medium level. Tin prices are expected to have increased volatility, and range trading is recommended [5]. - In the spot market, merchants maintained rigid - demand restocking [13]. - SHFE tin futures warehouse receipts decreased by 18 tons to 7,998 tons, and LME tin inventory decreased by 5 tons to 2,660 tons [15]. Zinc - In the spot market, zinc prices rose, and downstream demand led to inventory reduction [9][10]. - SHFE zinc futures warehouse receipts remained unchanged at 1,774 tons, and LME zinc inventory decreased by 2,350 tons to 151,150 tons [15]. Lead - In the spot market, lead prices fell, and the trading was dull [11]. - SHFE lead futures warehouse receipts increased by 2,015 tons to 37,299 tons, and LME lead inventory decreased by 1,650 tons to 292,375 tons [15]. Alumina - In the spot market, alumina prices rose in different regions, and the trading was stable [8].

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - Gold prices fell below $3300 due to factors such as the easing of geopolitical tensions, the alleviation of panic in the US and Japanese bond markets, and better - than - expected US economic data. Short - term market volatility is high, and there is a risk of correction, but the long - term view is bullish [1][13]. - For treasury bond futures, in the short - term, there is no prominent contradiction, and they are in a narrow - range oscillation. In the medium - to - long - term, the yield curve is expected to steepen, but now may not be the best time to directly implement this strategy. It is advisable to go long in the medium - term but choose the right time [2][15]. - The US dollar index may rebound in the short - term as US business confidence improved in May, but caution is still needed as the US economic trend remains unchanged [20]. - US stock index futures are expected to oscillate weakly in the short - term due to concerns about the US government's debt sustainability and the pressure from long - term interest rates [27]. - For various commodities, different trends are expected. For example, steel prices are expected to oscillate in the short - term; corn prices are expected to rise; copper prices are expected to oscillate weakly in the short - term; etc. [4][43][49] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Financial News and Comments 3.1.1 Macro Strategy (Gold) - Japan's core CPI in April rose 3.5% year - on - year, and the national CPI rose 3.6% year - on - year. The US 5 - month manufacturing and service PMI rebounded more than expected. Gold prices fell below $3300 due to multiple factors. Short - term attention should be paid to the risk of correction, while the long - term view is bullish [12][13]. 3.1.2 Macro Strategy (Treasury Bond Futures) - The central bank will conduct a 500 billion yuan MLF operation and a 154.5 billion yuan 7 - day reverse repurchase operation. In the short - term, treasury bond futures are in a narrow - range oscillation. In the medium - to - long - term, the yield curve is expected to steepen, but now may not be the best time to go long [14][15]. 3.1.3 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - US Dollar Index) - US business confidence improved in May, and the Fed may cut interest rates in the second half of 2025 if tariffs stabilize. The US dollar index may rebound in the short - term [18][20]. 3.1.4 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - As of the end of March, loans to high - tech SMEs have grown at a rate of over 20% for three consecutive years. The North - Star 50 index's decline may signal a return to value for high - dividend and blue - chip assets. It is recommended to allocate assets evenly [22][24]. 3.1.5 Macro Strategy (US Stock Index Futures) - The US 5 - month service and manufacturing PMI were better than expected. If tariffs decline, the Fed may cut interest rates in the second half of 2025. US stock index futures are expected to oscillate weakly in the short - term due to concerns about the US government's debt [26][27]. 3.2 Commodity News and Comments 3.2.1 Agricultural Products (Soybean Meal) - US soybean exports were in line with expectations. Rain may slow down the sowing progress but benefit the sown soybeans. The price of domestic imported soybeans remained stable, and the spot price of soybean meal was stable with a slight increase. Short - term prices are expected to oscillate [28][30]. 3.2.2 Agricultural Products (Cotton) - Domestic cotton yarn prices rose, but demand followed up slowly. China's textile and clothing exports in April increased year - on - year. Cotton commercial inventory decreased rapidly, and there may be a supply shortage in the later stage. It is recommended to be cautiously optimistic about Zhengzhou cotton futures and pay attention to inventory and trade negotiations [31][34]. 3.2.3 Black Metals (Rebar/Hot - Rolled Coil) - Colombia imposed anti - dumping measures on Chinese welded pipes. Global crude steel production in April decreased year - on - year. The inventory of five major steel products decreased, but the decline rate slowed down. Steel prices are expected to oscillate in the short - term. It is recommended to hold a light - position and wait and use a hedging strategy for spot [36][38]. 3.2.4 Agricultural Products (Corn Starch) - The starch production rate decreased, and inventory changed little. The starch sugar production rate increased. It is expected that the CS07 - C07 spread will remain in a low - level oscillation [40][41]. 3.2.5 Agricultural Products (Corn) - Heavy rain warnings were issued in some areas. North port corn inventory decreased significantly. Some hedging positions left the market, and the supply in the spot market is expected to increase. Corn prices are expected to rise [42][43]. 3.2.6 Agricultural Products (Pigs) - Wens Co., Ltd. will continue its share - repurchase plan. The pig futures market is mainly trading based on long - term production capacity and short - term de - stocking speed. It is recommended to take profit on short positions [44][45]. 3.2.7 Non - Ferrous Metals (Copper) - Peru plans to set up a mining fund, and a new copper - gold porphyry system was discovered in Argentina. China's copper industry index decreased slightly. Copper prices are expected to oscillate weakly in the short - term, and it is recommended to conduct band trading [46][48]. 3.2.8 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lead) - The LME lead spread was at a discount, and domestic lead inventory decreased. The price of scrap batteries decreased, and the lead market is in a situation of weak supply and demand. It is recommended to wait and look for low - buying opportunities in the medium - term [51][52]. 3.2.9 Non - Ferrous Metals (Zinc) - Domestic zinc inventory decreased, and the LME zinc spread was at a discount. Zinc prices are expected to oscillate, and the medium - term view is to go short on rallies. It is recommended to pay attention to positive - spread arbitrage opportunities [53][55]. 3.2.10 Non - Ferrous Metals (Polysilicon) - China's new photovoltaic and wind power installations increased in April. The average spot price of polysilicon decreased. It is recommended to focus on positive - spread arbitrage opportunities [56][58]. 3.2.11 Non - Ferrous Metals (Industrial Silicon) - A new industrial silicon project is about to be put into operation. The price of industrial silicon is expected to remain weak. It is not recommended to go long on the left side, and short positions can be held [59][60]. 3.2.12 Non - Ferrous Metals (Nickel) - In March 2025, the global refined nickel supply was in surplus. The price of nickel ore was stable, and the price of high - nickel iron was active. It is expected that the main operating range of Shanghai nickel futures will be between 122,000 - 128,000 yuan/ton. Short - term band trading and medium - term long - buying opportunities can be considered [61][62]. 3.2.13 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - Zimbabwean lithium exporters are seeking to postpone the export tax. The supply of lithium carbonate is in surplus, and the cost support is weakening. The market is expected to remain unstable until the spot and downstream orders improve [63][65]. 3.2.14 Energy and Chemicals (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) - China's LPG production increased week - on - week, and port inventory decreased. The domestic LPG price is expected to continue to oscillate weakly [66][68]. 3.2.15 Energy and Chemicals (Carbon Emissions) - The CEA price is oscillating in a narrow range. In 2025, the overall supply - demand relationship of carbon emission allowances is relatively loose, and the price is likely to be under pressure [69][70]. 3.2.16 Energy and Chemicals (Natural Gas) - US natural gas inventory increased week - on - week. European natural gas inventory is rising rapidly. The price of US natural gas is expected to oscillate upwards [71][73]. 3.2.17 Energy and Chemicals (Caustic Soda) - The price of liquid caustic soda in Shandong rose steadily. The supply of caustic soda is sufficient, and the demand is stable. The impact of alumina price increase on caustic soda is indirect, and it is difficult to drive a significant increase in the caustic soda market [75][76]. 3.2.18 Energy and Chemicals (Pulp) - The spot price of imported wood pulp decreased slightly. The pulp market is expected to oscillate [77][78]. 3.2.19 Energy and Chemicals (PVC) - The spot price of PVC powder decreased slightly. The PVC market is expected to oscillate [79]. 3.2.20 Energy and Chemicals (Urea) - The urea production rate increased week - on - week. The urea market is in a weak state. Urea prices are expected to oscillate, and the 9/1 spread is expected to remain high [80][82]. 3.2.21 Energy and Chemicals (Bottle Chips) - The export price of bottle chips decreased slightly. The processing fee of bottle chips is expected to fluctuate at a low level following the cost [83][85]. 3.2.22 Energy and Chemicals (Soda Ash) - The inventory of soda ash decreased slightly. The soda ash market is stable with slight oscillations. In the short - term, plant maintenance may support the price, while in the medium - term, it is advisable to go short on rallies [86]. 3.2.23 Energy and Chemicals (Float Glass) - The price of float glass in Hubei remained unchanged. The glass futures price is weak, and it is expected to remain in a low - level range. Attention should be paid to real - estate policy changes [87][88]. 3.2.24 Shipping Index (Container Freight Rates) - Maersk adjusted its shipping route. The container freight rate on the European line rebounded. The short - term view is that the market will oscillate, and it is recommended to look for low - buying opportunities on pullbacks [89].

Core Insights - The UK business environment showed signs of improvement in May, despite worsening conditions in the manufacturing sector [1] - The composite PMI data rose from 48.5 in April to 49.4 in May, approaching the growth threshold of 50 [1] - The service sector, which dominates the UK economy, is slowly returning to growth, contrasting with significant job losses in manufacturing [1] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing sector experienced its largest employment decline since May 2020, contributing to a drag on the manufacturing index [1] - The pace of layoffs in manufacturing reached the highest level since the global financial crisis nearly 20 years ago [1] Economic Outlook - Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, noted that while positive news on tariffs and trade has helped restore some business confidence, overall confidence in future economic prospects remains low [1]

Manufacturing Sector Insights - In April 2025, the Manufacturing PMI index dropped to 49.0%, a decrease of 1.5 percentage points from March, indicating a contraction in manufacturing activity[2] - The new orders index fell to 49.2%, down 2.6 percentage points, while the new export orders index significantly declined by 4.3 percentage points to 44.7%, the lowest level since January 2023[2][6] - The production index decreased to 49.8%, down 2.8 percentage points, and the purchasing index fell to 46.3%, a drop of 5.5 percentage points, marking the lowest level since January 2023[2][7] Price and Demand Trends - The manufacturing price index continued to decline, with major raw material purchase prices and factory prices dropping by 2.8 and 3.1 percentage points, respectively[3][10] - The decline in factory prices was more pronounced than that of raw material purchase prices, suggesting a stronger impact of demand on manufacturing market prices[3][10] - In specific sectors, the export orders index for electrical machinery, general equipment, and specialized equipment saw declines exceeding 10%[3][10] Economic Policy and Future Outlook - The Politburo meeting on April 25 emphasized increasing investment to stimulate domestic demand, with a focus on major strategic projects expected to receive enhanced funding support[4][11] - The real estate investment sector is anticipated to stabilize gradually, supported by increased supply of high-quality housing[4][11] - The non-manufacturing PMI index fell to 50.4%, down 0.4 percentage points, but remained in the expansion zone, with new orders index at 44.9%, down 1.7 percentage points[5][13]

日度报告——综合晨报 美 4 月 ISM 服务业好于预期，智利 3 月铜产 量同比增加 9% [T报ab告le_日R期an：k] 2025-05-06 宏观策略（外汇期货(美元指数)） 美国拒绝完全豁免对日本的"对等"关税 美国 4 月非农数据好于预期，新增就业维持在较高水平，表明劳 动力市场没有受到关税的负面影响，美元指数维持震荡。 宏观策略（国债期货） 中国 4 月官方制造业 PMI 为 49%，不及预期 综 4 月官方制造业 PMI 不及预期，贸易冲突对于经济基本面的影响 正在体现。基本面将会主导债券走势，预计国债以震荡偏强为 主。 合 宏观策略（黄金） 晨 美国 4 月 ISM 非制造业 PMI 录得 51.6 报 国际金价昨日上涨超过 3%，收复了五一假期间的跌幅，市场再 度针对关税和地缘政治风险展开交易。特朗普表示要对海外制 作的美国电影加征关税再度施压市场风险偏好。 黑色金属（螺纹钢/热轧卷板） Mysteel 五大品种库存周环比下降 87.17 万吨 节前五大品种去库加速，受补库等因素带动，螺纹表需回升到 291 万吨以上，但市场对短期需求回升的关注度并不算高，需求 走弱预期依然导致钢价承压， ...

Core Viewpoint - Despite a decline in the manufacturing PMI to 49% in April, the overall economic output in China continues to expand, indicating a long-term positive trend in the economy [1][5]. Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI decreased by 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, falling below the critical point due to high growth in previous months and changes in the external environment [1]. - The new export orders index dropped to 44.7%, a decrease of 4.3 percentage points, indicating a tightening of foreign demand [1]. - The manufacturing production index was recorded at 49.8%, down by 2.8 percentage points, reflecting a slight decline in overall production [2]. High-Tech Manufacturing - The high-tech manufacturing PMI stood at 51.5%, significantly above the overall manufacturing level, with both production and new orders indices above 52% [3]. - Industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and beverages also showed strong performance, with production and new orders indices above 53% [3]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index was at 50.4%, slightly down by 0.4 percentage points, but still indicating stable expansion [3]. - The aviation transport and entertainment sectors saw significant increases in their business activity indices, both exceeding 55% [4]. Economic Outlook - The comprehensive PMI output index for April was 50.2%, indicating continued economic expansion despite a 1.2 percentage point decline from the previous month [4]. - The government emphasizes the need to stabilize employment, businesses, and market expectations to ensure high-quality development in response to external uncertainties [5].

报 告 正 文 4 月制造业 PMI 回落至线下，供需两端均有走弱。服务业和建筑业商务活动指数均线上回落。 PMI 表现如何？ 4 月 全国制造业 PMI 录得 49.0% ，较上月下降 1.5 个百分点。各分项均较上月下降，其中 需求相对供给继续增强，内需相对外需大幅增强，大中小企业均落至线下运行，原材料价格和产成品价格双双 回落。 为何本月制造业 PMI 大幅下降？ 主要原因有三： 一是 前期"抢出口"影响下，制造业较快增长，导致 前期基数较高； 二是 外部环境急剧变化， 4 月 2 日美国对全球贸易伙伴强加关税压制抢出口； 三是 季节转 淡，存在一定的季节性影响。当前主要经济体制造业景气度普遍位于收缩区间， 3 月份美国制造业 PMI 为 49.0% ， 4 月份欧元区、英国、日本制造业 PMI 初值均低于临界点。 此外，有三点值得关注 ： 一是外部环境变化影响下，行业表现分化。 高技术制造业和部分内销为主的行业表 现相对稳定， 4 月高技术制造业 PMI 为 51.5% ，明显高于制造业总体水平；农副食品、酒饮料茶、医药等行 业的生产和新订单指数均位于 53.0% 及以上；服务业和建筑业商务活动预期指 ...