Group 1: Bond Market Overview - In November, the bond market issued a total of 70,179.3 billion yuan across various types of bonds [1] - The breakdown of bond issuance includes: 10,444.2 billion yuan in government bonds, 9,126.9 billion yuan in local government bonds, 11,955.0 billion yuan in financial bonds, 13,948.8 billion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 327.2 billion yuan in asset-backed securities, and 24,009.2 billion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [1] - As of the end of November, the total custody balance of the bond market reached 196.3 trillion yuan [1] Group 2: Trading Activity - In November, the interbank bond market recorded a total transaction volume of 30.5 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 1.5 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 7.6% and a month-on-month increase of 3.2% [1] - The custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 3.6 trillion yuan by the end of November, accounting for 1.9% of the total custody balance [1] Group 3: Money Market Overview - In November, the interbank lending market had a transaction volume of 7.4 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year decrease of 17.3% but a month-on-month increase of 9.6% [2] - The bond repurchase transaction volume was 149.8 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year decrease of 6.8% and a month-on-month increase of 13.9% [2] - The weighted average interest rate for interbank lending was 1.42%, which increased by 2.5 basis points month-on-month, while the weighted average interest rate for pledged repos was 1.44%, increasing by 3.2 basis points month-on-month [2]

Group 1: Bond Market Issuance - In November, the bond market issued a total of 70,179.3 billion yuan across various types of bonds, including 10,444.2 billion yuan in government bonds, 9,126.9 billion yuan in local government bonds, 11,955.0 billion yuan in financial bonds, 13,948.8 billion yuan in corporate credit bonds, 327.2 billion yuan in credit asset-backed securities, and 24,009.2 billion yuan in interbank certificates of deposit [1] Group 2: Bond Market Operation - In November, the interbank bond market had a total transaction volume of 30.5 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 1.5 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 7.6% and a month-on-month increase of 3.2% [2] - The exchange bond market recorded a transaction volume of 3.8 trillion yuan, with an average daily transaction of 188.7 billion yuan [2] Group 3: Foreign Participation in Bond Market - As of the end of November, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market was 3.6 trillion yuan, accounting for 1.9% of the total custody balance [3] - Foreign institutions held 2.0 trillion yuan in government bonds, representing 56.2% of their total holdings [3] Group 4: Money Market Operation - In November, the interbank lending market had a transaction volume of 7.4 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 17.3% but a month-on-month increase of 9.6% [4] - The weighted average interest rate for interbank lending was 1.42%, up by 2.5 basis points month-on-month [4] Group 5: Bill Market Operation - In November, the acceptance amount of commercial bills was 4.0 trillion yuan, while the discount amount was 3.1 trillion yuan [5] - Small and micro enterprises accounted for 93.5% of all bill issuers, with a total bill issuance amount of 3.0 trillion yuan [5] Group 6: Stock Market Operation - By the end of November, the Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3,888.6 points, a decrease of 66.2 points or 1.7% [6] - The average daily trading volume in the Shanghai market was 808.05 billion yuan, reflecting a month-on-month decrease of 16.0% [6] Group 7: Holder Structure in Interbank Bond Market - As of the end of November, there were 3,987 institutional members in the interbank bond market, all of which were financial institutions [7] - The top 50 investors in corporate credit bonds held 53.4% of the total bonds, primarily concentrated among state-owned commercial banks, public funds, and insurance institutions [8]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported that as of the end of November 2025, the custody balance of foreign institutions in the Chinese bond market reached 3.6 trillion yuan, accounting for 1.9% of the total custody balance in the market [1] Group 1 - The custody balance of foreign institutions in the interbank bond market is also 3.6 trillion yuan [1] - Foreign institutions hold 2.0 trillion yuan in government bonds, representing 56.2% of their total holdings [1] - The holdings of negotiable certificates of deposit by foreign institutions amount to 0.7 trillion yuan, which is 19.1% of the total [1] - Policy bank bonds held by foreign institutions total 0.8 trillion yuan, making up 21.1% of their total holdings [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information about the report industry investment rating in the provided content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - 2025 was a transformative year for the bond market, with yield trends shifting from a unilateral decline to narrow - range fluctuations, trading strategies evolving, market scale expanding, and asset correlations changing [3][15]. - In 2026, China's economy will feature "internal improvement, external stability, and structural optimization", with GDP growth target around 5%. Monetary policy will remain "moderately loose", and fiscal policy will be "actively expansionary" [4][5]. - The bond market in 2026 will see a positive supply trend, with institutional behavior showing "stable but changing allocation and contracting and differentiating trading". The relationship between stocks and bonds will shift from a "see - saw" to a "re - balanced" state [7][8][9]. Summary According to the Table of Contents 1. 2025 Bond Market Review - **Yield Trend**: Yields shifted from a unilateral decline to narrow - range fluctuations, with a pattern of "rising - falling - rising - fluctuating" for long - term yields and short - term yields anchored around policy rates [15][16]. - **Bond Products**: The bond market became a core financing channel for economic transformation, with a high - stock, fast - expanding, and government - bond - concentrated structure [18]. - **Trading Strategy**: Financial institutions' trading strategies shifted from "trend trading" to a "coupon + band" composite strategy, with commercial banks and insurance institutions as the main holders of interest - rate bonds and brokers and overseas institutions increasing market volatility [23]. - **Asset Linkage**: The traditional linkage between treasury bond yields and traditional assets (A - shares, US stocks, gold) was broken, showing "three reversals" [29]. 2. Fundamentals: Internal Improvement, Gradual Progress - **GDP Growth Target**: In 2025, the GDP growth target of 5% was basically achieved, with a "high - then - low" pattern. In 2026, the target may remain around 5% [37][38]. - **Consumption Growth**: In 2025, consumption momentum slowed and there was a clear trend of consumption downgrade. In 2026, consumption will moderately recover, but factors such as policy support, income, and balance - sheet repair will limit the improvement [41][42]. - **Investment Growth**: In 2025, investment growth turned negative, showing a "high - then - low" trend. In 2026, investment is expected to stop falling and stabilize, with infrastructure and manufacturing investment as the core driving forces, and the decline in real - estate investment will narrow slightly [44][45][47]. - **Export Growth**: In 2025, exports showed strong resilience. In 2026, export growth is expected to remain stable, supported by factors such as diversified trade markets, upgraded export product structures, and enterprise overseas investment [52][53]. - **Price Movement**: In 2025, prices rebounded at a low level. In 2026, CPI will moderately recover, PPI's decline will narrow, and the GDP deflator is expected to gradually recover but may still be in the negative range [59]. 3. Policy Front: Moderately Loose Monetary Policy, Actively Expansionary Fiscal Policy - **Monetary Policy**: In 2025, monetary policy was moderately loose and operation became more refined. In 2026, it will continue the "moderately loose" tone, focusing on precise measures and cross - cycle balance, with policy tools transforming from quantity - based to price - based [62][63]. - **Fiscal Policy**: In 2025, fiscal policy was significantly expansionary, with a higher deficit rate. In 2026, it will continue the "actively expansionary" main line, with characteristics of "stable total growth, optimized structure, and front - loaded rhythm" [68]. 4. Bond Supply: Scale Expansion and Structural Optimization - **2025**: The supply of interest - rate bonds increased significantly, with government bonds leading the expansion and a front - loaded fiscal leverage rhythm [75]. - **2026**: The bond market supply will be positive, featuring "scale expansion, front - loaded rhythm, investment in new areas, and longer terms", with the government bond scale expected to reach a record high [76]. 5. Institutional Behavior: Stable but Changing Allocation, Contracting and Differentiating Trading - **Allocation Disk**: Commercial banks' bond allocation will increase steadily, with a shift towards the medium - and short - term. Insurance institutions' demand for bond allocation may weaken, and there will be a re - balance between stocks and bonds [84][85]. - **Trading Disk**: The trading disk's allocation of interest - rate bonds will contract overall, with internal differentiation and more cautious strategies [86]. 6. Equity Disturbance: From "Strong Stocks, Weak Bonds" to "Stock - Bond Re - balance" - **2025**: The stock - bond relationship was mainly "strong stocks, weak bonds", with the strength of the equity market suppressing the bond market [95]. - **2026**: The equity market is likely to continue to recover, and the stock - bond relationship will shift from a "see - saw" to a "re - balanced" state, with the squeezing effect on the bond market weakening [99]. 7. Capital Price: Continued Loose Capital, Marginally Increased Volatility - **2025**: Capital prices showed a downward trend with converging volatility, with the central bank guiding the centralization of capital prices and suppressing short - term fluctuations [102]. - **2026**: Capital prices are expected to show a double - feature of "systematically downward centralization and magnified periodic volatility", with the central bank relying on multiple tools to maintain stability [103]. 8. Outlook for Major Asset Trends - **Treasury Bonds**: Yields may show a "quasi - inverted V" pattern, with an expected range of 1.6% - 1.9% for the 10 - year treasury bond yield [109][111]. - **A - shares**: The equity market is likely to show a pattern of "shock - strengthening and structural differentiation", focusing on new - quality productivity [112]. - **US Stocks**: US stocks will continue to rise with technology leading, but the upward slope may slow down, and there is a risk of valuation bubbles [113]. - **US Bonds**: US bond yields will show a downward - centralization and steepening curve, but supply pressure and inflation resilience will limit the downward space [114]. - **Gold**: Gold prices will likely remain high, fluctuating upwards, but the upward momentum may slow down [115].

Global Asset Market Performance - The latest yields of 10 - year government bonds in major economies: 4.123% in the US, 4.497% in the UK, 3.562% in France, 2.854% in Germany, 3.548% in Italy, 3.286% in Spain, 0.276% in Switzerland, 3.439% in Greece, 2.059% in Japan, 6.197% in Brazil, 1.851% in China, 4.746% in Australia, 4.381% in New Zealand [1] - The latest yields of 2 - year government bonds in major economies: 3.449% in the US, 3.721% in the UK, 2.119% in Germany, 1.168% in Japan, 2.193% in Italy, 1.332% in China (1Y yield), 4.041% in Australia [1] - The exchange rates of the US dollar against major emerging - economy currencies: 16.593 against the South African rand, 1439.750 against the South Korean won, 31.505 against the Thai baht, 4.049 against the Malaysian ringgit. The latest on - shore RMB exchange rate is 6.996, and the offshore RMB exchange rate is 6.992 [1] - The latest values of major economies' stock indices: 6896.240 for the Dow Jones, 48367.060 for the S&P 500, 23419.080 for the Industrial Index, 64366.700 for the Nasdaq, 9940.710 for the Mexican stock index, 8168.150 for the UK stock index, 24490.410 for the French CAC, 17354.900 for the German DAX, etc [1] - The latest value of the US investment - grade credit bond index is 5.475 [1] Stock Index Futures Trading Data - Index performance: The closing prices of A - shares, CSI 300, SSE 50, ChiNext, and CSI 500 are 3965.12, 4651.28, 3036.55, 3242.90, and 7458.94 respectively. The percentage changes are - 0.00%, 0.26%, 0.06%, 0.63%, and 0.38% respectively [2] - Valuation: The PE (TTM) of CSI 300, SSE 50, CSI 500, S&P 500, and German DAX are 14.19, 11.83, 33.79, 27.55, and 18.95 respectively. The环比 changes are 0.03, 0.02, 0.09, - 0.03, and 0.10 respectively [2] - Risk premium: The 1/PE - 10 - year interest rate of S&P 500 is - 0.49, and that of German DAX is 2.42. The环比 changes are 0.00 and - 0.06 respectively [2] - Fund flow: The latest values of A - shares, the main board, the small and medium - sized enterprise board, ChiNext, and CSI 300 are - 279.78, - 268.14, N/A, - 0.27, and 84.86 respectively. The 5 - day average values are - 155.53, - 161.57, N/A, 5.04, and 31.34 respectively [2] Other Trading Data - Transaction amount: The latest values of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, CSI 300, SSE 50, the small and medium - sized board, and ChiNext are 21423.26, 4571.85, 1131.75, 4636.74, and 5594.95 respectively. The环比 changes are 29.88, - 254.29, - 39.45, 7.14, and 215.29 respectively [3] - Main contract's premium or discount: The basis of IF, IH, and IC are - 29.08, - 1.15, and - 77.94 respectively. The amplitudes are - 0.63%, - 0.04%, and - 1.04% respectively [3] - Treasury futures trading data: The closing prices of T2303, TF2303, T2306, and TF2306 are 107.94, 105.82, 107.95, and 105.82 respectively. The percentage changes are - 0.03%, - 0.02%, - 0.04%, and - 0.02% respectively [3] - Fund interest rates: The R001, R007, and SHIBOR - 3M are 1.3782%, 2.0620%, and 1.6000% respectively. The daily changes are - 56.00BP, 12.00BP, and 0.00BP respectively [3]

（来源：远东资信） 摘要 宏观经济方面，1-11月份，规模以上工业企业利润同比增长0.1%，增速较前十个月放缓1.8个百分点， 自8月以来累计增速连续四个月保持增长。国家统计局对2024年GDP数据进行最终核实，2024年GDP现 价总量为1348066亿元，比初步核算数减少1018亿元；按不变价格计算，比上年增长5.0%，与初步核算 数持平。从全球来看，12月26日，10年期美债收益率较周初下行3BP至4.14%，有效联邦基金利率为 3.64%，较前期持平。2025年11月，美国经季节调整的非农就业人数增加6.4万人，10月非农就业人数减 少10.5万人，9月非农就业人数从增加11.9万人下修至增加10.8万人，8月非农就业人数从减少0.4万人下 修至减少2.6万人，合计下修3.3万人。11月失业率升至4.6%，为2021年10月以来最高值。欧元区基准利 率维持2.15%，日本基准利率维持0.75%。 债券市场方面，从无风险收益率来看，上周10年期国债收益率维持在1.84%左右，2年期国债收益率整 体有所下行。12月26日，10年期国债到期收益率较周初持平为1.8376%，2年期国债到期收益率较周初 下行3 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints - Standing at the end of December and looking forward to January, investors' judgments on the future bond market trend are relatively concentrated: they maintain a preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds and adopt a defensive approach overall. The intensity and rhythm of fiscal policy and the supply pressure of government bonds have become the core concerns of investors [1]. - According to the bond market survey questionnaire results released at the end of December, there are five mainstream expectations for the January bond market: investors' expectations for the upper and lower limits of long - term Treasury yields are neutral, showing a range - bound state; "Short - term strength and long - term weakness" is the mainstream expectation for the overall bond market trend; in bond market operations, the mainstream views are to hold cash and wait or keep positions basically stable; fiscal stimulus and government bond issuance are the most concerned core issues, and monetary policy and the capital market remain key concerns; investors' preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds has increased [2]. Summary by Related Catalog 1. 1 - month Bond Market Outlook - **Survey Background**: A bond market questionnaire was released on December 26, 2025, and 123 valid questionnaires were received by 8:00 on December 29, covering various institutional and individual investors [9]. - **Long - term Treasury Yield Expectations** - **10 - year Treasury (250016)**: 50% of investors think the lower limit of the yield will fall in the 1.75% - 1.80% (inclusive) range, and 56% think the upper limit will fall in the 1.85% - 1.90% range. Current investors' expectations for the rise of the 10 - year Treasury interest rate have gradually increased compared with the November survey results [12][13]. - **30 - year Treasury (250006)**: 37% of investors think the lower limit of the yield will fall in the 2.15% - 2.20% (inclusive) range, and 44% think the upper limit will fall in the 2.25% - 2.30% range. Since December, the 30 - year Treasury yield has shown an overall oscillating trend, and investors expect it to oscillate downward in the next month [14]. - **Expectations for Monetary Policy** - **2026 Policy Adjustments**: 67% of investors think there will be one reserve requirement ratio cut in 2026, and 69% think there will be one interest rate cut [18]. - **Q1 2026 Policy**: 68% of investors think there will be a reserve requirement ratio cut in Q1 2026, but opinions on whether to cut interest rates vary, showing an overall expectation of "biased towards easing, but the path is undetermined" [20]. - **Market Buying Power after New Year**: 45% of investors think the bond market's major logic will remain unchanged after the New Year, and the buying power will remain weak. The overall expectation of the bond market's capital situation after the New Year is "cautious overall, with structural differences" [23]. - **January Bond Market Trends**: Investors do not have a strong consensus on a single direction for the January bond market. The expectation shows a pattern of "cautiously optimistic, structure - dominated", and "short - term strength and long - term weakness" is the most mainstream market expectation [25]. - **Current Bond Market Operations**: In December, most investors were neutral in actual operations. Holding cash and waiting to add positions after a callback and keeping positions basically stable were still the mainstream views. The proportion of those who could start adding positions decreased slightly, and the proportion of those who reduced duration to control risks increased [27]. - **January Bond Market Pricing Logic**: Fiscal stimulus and government bond issuance have become the most concerned core issues, with the proportion rising from 14% in the November survey to 27%. The focus of bond market investors has shifted to "fiscal policy" [28]. - **Preferred Bond Types in January**: Investors' preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds has increased, and their preference for interbank certificates of deposit has also rebounded. The preference for ultra - long - term interest - rate bonds and secondary capital bonds has decreased, indicating that investors may pay more attention to liquidity protection and short - term certainty [32].

Bond markets wait for minutes of the Fed's December meeting, to be released tomorrow, as the last week of the year gets underway.The central bank cut rates in that meeting with unusually high disagreement among officials, while signaling a possible hold in January, which markets are pricing in.November pending home sales data is due at 10 a.m. ET. ...

Global Asset Market Performance - 10-year Treasury yields: US at 4.129, Japan at 2.034, Brazil at 6.191, China at 1.833, South Korea at 3.371 [1] - 2-year Treasury yields: US at 3.480, Japan at 1.102, China (1Y yield) at 1.293, South Korea at 2.797 [1] - USD exchange rates against major emerging economies: Brazil at 5.544, South Africa (zar) at 16.661, South Korea (won) at 1442.300, Thailand (baht) at 31.068, Malaysia (ringgit) at 4.049 [1] - RMB exchange rates: Onshore at 7.005, offshore at 7.005, mid - price at 7.036, 12 - month NDF at 6.886 [1] - Major stock indices: S&P 500 at 6929.940, Dow Jones Industrial Average at 48710.970, NASDAQ at 23593.100, Nikkei at 50750.390, Shanghai Composite Index at 3963.679 [1] - Credit bond indices: US investment - grade at 3546.540, Eurozone investment - grade at 265.380, emerging economies investment - grade at 290.230, US high - yield at 2908.630, Eurozone high - yield at 409.840, emerging economies high - yield at 1822.849 [1] Stock Index Futures Trading Data - Index closing prices: A - shares at 3963.68, CSI 300 at 4657.24, SSE 50 at 3045.40, ChiNext at 3243.88, CSI 500 at 7458.84 [2] - Index price changes (%): A - shares at 0.10, CSI 300 at 0.32, SSE 50 at 0.41, ChiNext at 0.14, CSI 500 at 0.65 [2] - Index valuations (PE(TTM)): CSI 300 at 14.13, SSE 50 at 11.78, CSI 500 at 33.61, S&P 500 at 27.68, Germany DAX at 18.84 [2] - Index valuation环比 changes: CSI 300 at 0.00, SSE 50 at 0.00, CSI 500 at 0.00, S&P 500 at - 0.01, Germany DAX at 0.00 [2] - Index risk premiums (1/PE - 10 - year interest rate): S&P 500 at - 0.52 [2] - Index risk premium环比 changes: S&P 500 at 0.00 [2] Transaction Amount and Basis Data - Transaction amounts: Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets at 21601.91, CSI 300 at 4604.27, SSE 50 at 1009.17, SME board at 4672.38, ChiNext at 5713.14 [3] - Transaction amount环比 changes: Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets at 2356.68, CSI 300 at 750.71, SSE 50 at 188.41, SME board at 520.91, ChiNext at 450.21 [3] - Futures basis: IF at - 18.84, IH at 6.00, IC at - 70.84 [3] - Futures basis amplitude (%): IF at - 0.40, IH at 0.20, IC at - 0.95 [3] Treasury Futures Trading Data - Treasury futures closing prices: T2303 at 108.30, TF2303 at 106.05, T2306 at 108.32, TF2306 at 106.03 [3] - Treasury futures price changes (%): T2303 at 0.10, TF2303 at 0.06, T2306 at 0.10, TF2306 at 0.04 [3] Money Market Data - Money market interest rates: R001 at 1.3450%, R007 at 1.5264%, SHIBOR - 3M at 1.6000% [3] - Money market interest rate daily changes (BP): R001 at - 17.00, R007 at 1.00, SHIBOR - 3M at 0.00 [3]

2025年，站在"十四五"收官与"十五五"规划谋篇的历史衔接点上，宏观经济环境交织着机遇与挑战。 2026年作为"十五五"开局之年，站在新旧年更替的此刻，也是理解"十五五"经济脉络的关键切口，制约 居民消费的核心矛盾是什么？如何看待促消费政策从"增量拉动"到"结构优化"的转变？"十五五"后，货 币政策还有哪些发力空间？后续黄金走势将如何演绎？围绕上述问题，广发证券首席经济学家郭磊近日 接受了北京商报记者的专访。 2026年提升消费率是主线索之一 北京商报：2025年，一系列消费补贴政策陆续出台，各项促消费政策也呈现出从"增量拉动"到"结构优 化"的转变。您如何评价这种政策逻辑转换的必要性与有效性？展望2026年，要真正实现消费的长期可 持续增长，政策工具箱需要在哪些关键机制上实现突破？ 郭磊：中央经济工作会议指出"国内供强需弱矛盾突出"，正是在这一判断基础上，政策进一步指出"必 须充分挖掘经济潜能"，消费作为需求端的主要组成部分，在政策框架中的位置自然是十分重要的。 2026年作为"十五五"首年，提升消费率毫无疑问是主线索之一。 政策侧重点可能会有所变化，这两年我们的"以旧换新"集中于耐用消费品，这一部分需求 ...