Group 1: Market Overview - The Asia-Pacific stock markets experienced mixed performance, with the Jakarta Composite Index rising by 1.51% while the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index fell by 2.31% [1][3] - The Nikkei 225 Index and KOSPI Index both saw declines of 1.57% and 1.32% respectively, indicating a broader trend of downward movement in major indices [1][3] - Analysts suggest that the recent fluctuations in the Asia-Pacific stock markets are normal market volatility, influenced by global macroeconomic changes and structural adjustments within certain industries [3] Group 2: Economic Growth in Southeast Asia - Five out of six major Southeast Asian economies are experiencing a slowdown in economic growth, with Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand revising their growth forecasts downward [4][5] - Singapore's GDP growth for Q1 was reported at 3.9%, with a forecasted annual growth rate adjusted to between 0% and 2%, down from a previous estimate of 1% to 3% [4][5] - Other Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia and Vietnam, also reported lower GDP growth rates compared to previous quarters, indicating a regional trend of economic deceleration [5][6] Group 3: Impact of U.S. Tax Policies - The potential implementation of U.S. tax cuts under President Trump is raising concerns about increasing deficit rates, which could negatively affect investor sentiment towards Asian capital markets [2][6] - The anticipated rise in U.S. deficit rates and the resulting high bond yields may lead to a shift in investment strategies, causing some Asian markets to weaken [2][6] Group 4: Japanese Bond Market Dynamics - The Japanese bond market is facing significant pressure, with a notable decline in demand and a rise in yields, attributed to higher inflation and potential fiscal stimulus measures [7] - The supply-demand imbalance in the Japanese bond market has contributed to upward pressure on global bond yields, particularly affecting U.S. Treasury yields [7]

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 美东时间 5 月 16 日 ， 美国众议院预算委员会 否决了共和党预算协调法案草案（ House Reconciliation Bill ）。该委员会以 21 票对 16 票否决了该 法案，保守派共和党人要求对法案进行修改。 5 月 21 日 ，美国众议院共和党人对税收与支出法案进行了最后修改，众议院预算委员会通过"大而美"（ big and beautiful bill ）法案，该法案将进入众议院全体会议审议程序。 第二， 什么是预算协调程序（ Budget Reconciliation Process ）？预算协调程序是一种"快速通道"预算程序 ，旨在让国会能够用"简单多数"在参议院通过影 响赤字和债务的立法，而无需通常的 60 票门槛。预算和解程序通常需要通过 6 个步骤：通过预算决议（ budget resolution ）、委员会审议并修改（ committee markups and floor vote ）、议事规则审查（ Byrd 规则）、两院协商统一文本；两院最终投票、总统签署法案生效 ...

Core Viewpoint - Concerns over the expanding deficit threatening the U.S. safe-haven status are reflected in the weak demand for a $16 billion 20-year Treasury auction, leading to declines in U.S. stocks, bonds, and the dollar [3][4]. Group 1: Treasury Auction Results - The U.S. Treasury auctioned $16 billion of 20-year bonds with a winning yield of 5.047%, marking the second instance of yields surpassing 5% since the bond's introduction five years ago [3]. - The winning yield was 24 basis points higher than April's 4.810% and approximately 1.2 basis points above the pre-issue rate of 5.035%, indicating a significant tail risk [3]. - This auction is considered one of the worst performances for this maturity since its launch, reflecting deteriorating investor sentiment towards U.S. Treasuries [3]. Group 2: Market Reactions - The weak auction results exacerbated a multi-week sell-off in Treasuries, highlighting growing investor dissatisfaction with increasing U.S. debt levels [3][4]. - The S&P 500 index fell by 1.5%, while the 10-year Treasury yield reached 4.607%, the highest since February 13 [3]. - Analysts noted that the market's reaction to the auction signals a collective avoidance of U.S. debt by foreign buyers, with rising financing costs putting pressure on the stock market [4]. Group 3: Political and Economic Implications - The White House intensified pressure on Republicans to approve Trump's tax plan, which could add trillions to the already ballooning budget deficit [6]. - Concerns were raised that the current administration is unlikely to make meaningful cuts to the deficit, as highlighted by former Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin [6]. - The bond market is seen as a barometer for fiscal sustainability, with rising yields indicating that investors are increasingly wary of the government's fiscal policies [7]. Group 4: Debt and Deficit Statistics - The U.S. public debt-to-GDP ratio is approximately 100%, with interest payments projected to reach about $880 billion in 2024, exceeding defense spending [8]. - The amount of outstanding debt surged from under $14 trillion at the end of 2016 to nearly $30 trillion [8]. - The annual sales of U.S. government debt reached a record $2.6 trillion last year, indicating a significant increase in borrowing [8].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury's auction of $20 billion in 20-year bonds was disappointing, leading to a significant sell-off in long-term U.S. Treasuries and raising concerns about future financing costs and fiscal sustainability [1][5]. Group 1: Market Reactions - The U.S. stock market experienced a sharp decline, with the Dow Jones falling by 816.80 points (1.91%), the Nasdaq down by 270.07 points (1.41%), and the S&P 500 dropping by 95.85 points (1.61%), marking the worst single-day performance for the indices since April 21 [2]. - The rise in bond yields, particularly the 10-year Treasury yield reaching 4.61% and the 30-year yield surpassing 5%, has put pressure on stock valuations and increased investor risk aversion [1][2]. Group 2: Economic Concerns - Market sentiment is affected by uncertainties surrounding U.S. fiscal policy, including tariff issues and budget disputes, which have led to a lack of confidence in long-term fiscal sustainability [2][3]. - The ongoing concerns about the U.S. fiscal deficit and the government's ability to support its debt issuance are central to current market anxieties, with implications for economic growth [3][5]. Group 3: Sector-Specific Impacts - Retail sector performance has been weak, exemplified by Target's disappointing earnings report, which caused its stock to drop by 5.21%, contributing to the overall market decline [3]. - The technology sector saw mixed reactions, with Alphabet's stock rising over 2.7% at one point, but overall market sentiment was dampened by concerns regarding fiscal sustainability and bond market performance [3]. Group 4: Alternative Investments - The U.S. dollar showed signs of weakness, with the ICE Dollar Index falling by 0.52%, while gold and Bitcoin prices increased by 0.97% and 0.03%, respectively, indicating a shift towards alternative assets as investors seek to hedge against sovereign credit risks [4].

Core Viewpoint - Investors are resisting President Trump's tax cut plan, leading to a rise in the 30-year U.S. Treasury yield to 5.1%, close to a 20-year high, which has negatively impacted U.S. stock markets and the dollar [1][2] Group 1: Market Reactions - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield has surpassed 5%, nearing the peak levels of 2023 [2] - There has been a significant sell-off in the bond market, reflecting investor disappointment with the U.S. government's increasing debt [4] - Demand for the 20-year U.S. Treasury auction was unexpectedly low, indicating further deterioration in investor confidence [1][4] Group 2: Fiscal Concerns - The tax plan is expected to add trillions to an already inflated budget deficit, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [1][6] - The U.S. public debt is approximately 100% of the economy, with interest payments projected to reach $880 billion in 2024, exceeding defense spending [6] - The total outstanding U.S. debt has surged from under $14 trillion in 2016 to nearly $30 trillion, driven by tax cuts and pandemic-related borrowing [6] Group 3: Investor Sentiment - The bond market is signaling policymakers to address fiscal sustainability issues, which are now affecting risk sentiment in equity and credit markets [4] - The phenomenon of "bond vigilantes" is re-emerging, where investors sell government bonds to pressure the government into reducing spending [4][5] - Investors are currently demanding higher returns for long-term bonds, not just in the U.S. but also in Japan and the UK [4]

新华财经北京5月22日电作为穆迪下调美国主权信用评级后的首场长债发行，美国财政部周三（5月21 日）发行的160亿美元20年期国债受到市场高度关注。由于发行结果不佳，引发美国长期限国债收益率 全面上涨超过11BP。 其中，10年期美债收益率上涨11BP至4.60%，创逾三个月新高。此前在5%关口附近徘徊的20年期和30 年期美债收益率分别上涨13BP和12BP，至5.12%和5.09%，均为2023年11月以来新高。期限在10年以下 的美债收益率也普遍上涨5-10BP。 发行结果显示，本次招标的20年期美债中标利率为5.047%，较4月的4.810%高出24BP，一举站上5%大 关，较预发行利率5.035%高出约1.2BP，是去年12月以来的最大尾部利差；投标倍数为2.46，低于4月的 2.63，为2月以来最低。 衡量海外需求的间接认购比例为69.02%，低于上月的70.7%，但仍高于67.2%的近期均值。衡量美国国 内需求的直接认购比例为14.1%，高于上月的12.3%。一级交易商获配比例为16.9%，稍低于上月的 17.0%。 结果公布后，盘中本就处在涨势的美债收益率出现一轮显著拉升；美股急挫，三大股指跌 ...

Core Viewpoint - Japan's government bonds are facing significant challenges, with rising yields and poor auction results raising concerns about fiscal sustainability, similar to the situation in Greece [1][3][4]. Group 1: Market Reactions - Japan's long-term government bond auction results have been disappointing, leading to record high yields, with the 20-year bond yield reaching its highest level since 2000 [2][3]. - The bid-to-cover ratio for the recent 20-year bond auction was only 2.5 times, the lowest since 2012, indicating weak investor demand [2]. - The overall debt-to-GDP ratio for Japan has surpassed 250%—263%, significantly higher than Greece's 180% during its debt crisis, intensifying market concerns [1][3]. Group 2: Central Bank Actions - The Bank of Japan is gradually reducing its bond purchases, aiming to lower the monthly purchase amount to around 3 trillion yen by early 2026, which raises concerns about finding alternative buyers [3][4]. - There is speculation that the Bank of Japan may need to adjust its Yield Curve Control (YCC) policy or intervene in the market to stabilize bond prices amid rising yields [4]. Group 3: Economic Sentiment - A recent survey indicated that nearly two-thirds of Japanese companies are urging the Bank of Japan to pause its interest rate hike plans, reflecting concerns over economic stability [5][6]. - The unexpected contraction of Japan's economy in the first quarter and uncertainties stemming from U.S. trade policies are contributing to the cautious sentiment among businesses [6].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market is reacting negatively to Trump's tax cut plan, raising concerns about the potential for significant increases in the budget deficit over the coming years [1][9] Group 1: Bond Market Reactions - The 20-year U.S. Treasury auction showed unexpected weakness, with the winning yield surpassing 5%, marking one of the worst performances in five years, which heightened concerns about increasing debt [1] - Following the auction results, the 30-year Treasury yield surged to 5.1%, nearing a 20-year high, while the 10-year yield rose to 4.595% [2] - Investors are flocking to safe-haven assets like gold and Bitcoin to hedge against rising government debt and inflation risks, with long-term bond yields increasing by approximately 14 basis points since last Friday [5] Group 2: Political and Economic Implications - Conservative Republican lawmakers are beginning to oppose Trump's tax cut plan, citing rising bond yields as a warning signal [7] - The current U.S. debt is unprecedented, with interest payments exceeding the defense budget, and the total public debt has surged from under $14 trillion in 2016 to nearly $30 trillion [9] - The market's sharp reaction indicates that investors are unwilling to tolerate continuous government borrowing, seeking to enforce fiscal discipline through higher borrowing costs [9] Group 3: Broader Economic Concerns - The rise in bond yields is driven by fears of deficits and higher inflation expectations rather than strong economic fundamentals [10] - There is a mismatch between signals from the stock and bond markets, with stock investors largely ignoring concerns about increasing deficits and inflation [11] - Retailers, including Walmart and Target, are planning to raise prices due to tariffs, contributing to inflationary pressures, which has led to a decline in stock prices [11]

Market Overview - The U.S. stock market experienced a significant decline, with the three major indices recording their worst single-day performance in a month, driven by heavy selling in the bond market due to concerns over U.S. fiscal sustainability [1][3] - The 30-year Treasury yield surpassed 5% for the first time since November, raising worries about future financing costs and triggering a chain reaction in the market [1][3] Bond Market Dynamics - A disappointing auction of $20 billion in 20-year Treasury bonds resulted in weak demand, leading to yields that were much higher than expected, which in turn caused bond prices to drop and yields to spike [3] - The 10-year Treasury yield rose to 4.61%, nearing its yearly high, while the 30-year yield reached 5.02%, marking a significant increase in bond yields [3] Investor Sentiment - Investor sentiment turned cautious as concerns about the U.S. debt issue resurfaced, leading to increased selling pressure in the stock market [3][4] - The market's reaction was exacerbated by a lack of confidence in long-term fiscal policies, with ongoing uncertainties related to tariffs and budget disputes [4] Sector Performance - Retail sector performance was notably poor, with Target's earnings falling short of expectations, resulting in a 5.21% drop in its stock price [5] - UnitedHealth, a component of the Dow, saw its stock decline by 5.78%, contributing to the downward pressure on blue-chip stocks [5] Currency and Alternative Assets - The ICE Dollar Index fell by 0.52%, while gold and Bitcoin prices increased by 0.97% and 0.03%, respectively, indicating a shift towards alternative assets as investors seek to hedge against sovereign credit risks [6] - Bitcoin reached a new historical high, surpassing $109,000 during the trading session, reflecting investor interest in alternative investments amid rising concerns over U.S. fiscal health [6]

Core Viewpoint - The recent downgrade of the U.S. sovereign credit rating by Moody's has led to a significant sell-off in U.S. Treasury bonds, with the 30-year yield surpassing the psychological threshold of 5%, marking the highest level since 2007 [1] Group 1: Market Reaction - The 10-year Treasury yield increased by 4 basis points to 4.52%, while the 30-year yield rose by 6 basis points to 5.00%, nearing the peak of 5.18% reached in 2023 [1] - U.S. stock futures also declined, with the S&P 500 futures dropping by 0.6%, and the U.S. dollar index continuing its recent downward trend [1] Group 2: Reasons for Downgrade - Moody's cited the persistently high fiscal deficit and the rising proportion of interest payments relative to fiscal revenue as the primary reasons for the downgrade [1] - The agency emphasized the failure of multiple administrations and Congresses to reach effective solutions for improving fiscal discipline, with ongoing discussions about tax cuts exacerbating market concerns [1] Group 3: Future Implications - Max Gokhman, Deputy Chief Investment Officer at Franklin Templeton Investment Solutions, indicated that the downgrade could accelerate large investors, such as sovereign funds, to replace U.S. Treasuries with other safe-haven assets, potentially creating a vicious cycle of rising yields and intensified selling [1] - Wells Fargo's strategy team predicts that the yields on 10-year and 30-year Treasuries may rise by an additional 5-10 basis points as a result of this event [1]