10月9日，下任美联储主席的潜在竞争者凯文.沃什(Kevin Warsh)公开表示，鉴于过往的不佳表现，美联 储需要彻底改革。 在沃什的公开发言中，他将美联储塑造成了一个需要"彻底的、自上而下改革的"机构，并抨击了鲍威尔 在过去几年的不佳表现。 抨击鲍威尔 沃什引用他与美联储前主席保罗.沃尔克曾经的对话称，央行的工作有两个注意事项：首先，使利率保 持适当水平；其次，政策制定者应该"确保自己看起来真的知道在做什么"。 "但鲍威尔在这两件事上都失败了"，沃什称，"他任期的大部分时间都未能让利率达到正确的水平。" 沃什称，曾任职于美联储的经历确实让他"过度思考货币政策"。不过他强调，财政部长贝森特并没有指 示他设定利率的细节，特朗普也没有。 沃什认为，市场对降息感到欢呼雀跃，美股也在当周上涨，表明降息是众望所归，但通胀率2%的承诺 仿佛被人抛之脑后。 在沃什看来，美联储用来分析经济数据的模型是错误的。"他们(美联储官员)认为通货膨胀是由消费 者、工资上涨过多和消费者支出过多推动的"，沃什对此并不认同，他倾向于"通胀是由政府支出和货币 供应量驱动的"。 沃什想规划出一条新路线，例如不再过分强调供应链和关税等因素对通胀 ...

CBOE and we go to Kevin Hanks for our pre-bell playbook. A good morning to you, Kevin. How you feeling this morning after a record closes yesterday.Good morning, Nicole. Yeah, good strong close to the market yesterday. A very flat market to start the day as we look for day nine of the government shutdown.You know, today the uh one of the stories, well, there's a lot of stories. The biggest story probably being the Fed speakers. Jerome Pal just made the opening welcome to a re a banking conference in Washing ...

Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell did not comment on the economic outlook or monetary policy in his prepared welcoming remarks [1] Summary by Relevant Categories - Economic Outlook - No comments were made regarding the economic outlook by the Federal Reserve Chairman [1] - Monetary Policy - The prepared remarks did not address any aspects of monetary policy [1]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints - Glass prices are likely to oscillate upwards due to a pattern of "slight supply contraction, reduced inventory pressure, and policy expectation support" after the holiday, but there is still a need to be vigilant against the risk of demand falling short of expectations. It is recommended to lay out long positions on the glass main contract at low levels in the short - term [2]. - For soda ash, with the potential commissioning of some Phase II facilities of Yuanxing Energy, the supply - surplus situation will intensify. Prices are under pressure in October due to the off - season of downstream demand and continuous supply growth. However, the downward momentum of prices has significantly weakened, and it is expected that soda ash may see production cuts, which could stimulate price recovery. It is recommended to lay out long positions on the soda ash main contract at low levels in the short - term [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Futures Market - Soda ash main contract closing price is 1,250 yuan/ton, down 5 yuan; glass main contract closing price is 1,218 yuan/ton, up 8 yuan. - Soda ash main contract open interest is 1,317,458 lots, up 67,092 lots; glass main contract open interest is 1,151,489 lots, up 160,754 lots. - Soda ash's top 20 net position is - 228,442 lots, up 11,845 lots; glass's top 20 net position is - 115,648 lots, down 31,026 lots. - Soda ash exchange warehouse receipts are 7,333 tons, up 981 tons; glass exchange warehouse receipts are 0 tons, unchanged. - Soda ash basis is - 65 yuan/ton, up 3 yuan; glass basis is - 62 yuan/ton, down 8 yuan. - The spread between January and May glass contracts is - 120 yuan/ton, down 4 yuan; the spread between January and May soda ash contracts is - 94 yuan/ton, unchanged [2]. 3.2 Spot Market - North China heavy soda ash is 1,190 yuan/ton, down 20 yuan; Central China heavy soda ash is 1,300 yuan/ton, unchanged. - East China light soda ash is 1,250 yuan/ton, unchanged; Central China light soda ash is 1,215 yuan/ton, unchanged. - Shahe glass sheets are 1,156 yuan/ton, up 8 yuan; Central China glass sheets are 1,220 yuan/ton, unchanged [2]. 3.3 Industry Situation - Soda ash plant operating rate is 89.12% (weekly), up 3.59 percentage points; float glass enterprise operating rate is 76.01% (weekly), unchanged. - Glass in - production capacity is 16.07 million tons/year (weekly), up 0.05 million tons; glass in - production production lines are 225 (weekly), unchanged. - Soda ash enterprise inventory is 1.6598 million tons (weekly), up 0.0599 million tons; glass enterprise inventory is 59.355 million weight boxes (weekly), down 1.553 million weight boxes [2]. 3.4 Downstream Situation - Cumulative real - estate new construction area is 398.0101 million square meters, up 45.9501 million square meters; cumulative real - estate completion area is 276.9354 million square meters, up 26.5954 million square meters [2]. 3.5 Industry News - Henan Haohua Junhua's soda ash plant reduced production due to synthetic ammonia issues, with stable prices. - Zhongyan Anhui Hongsifang's soda ash plant increased its load. - Chongqing Heyou Industrial's 400,000 - ton/year soda ash plant reduced its load. - Qinghai Wucai's 1.1 - million - ton/year soda ash plant is operating stably, currently not quoting prices and implementing one - order - one - negotiation. - Tangshan Sanyou's 2.3 - million - ton/year soda ash plant reduced production, operating at about 70% capacity. - Shandong Haitian Bio - Chemical's 1.5 - million - ton/year soda ash plant resumed production. - Shandong Haihua's 3 - million - ton/year soda ash plant reduced its load. - Anhui Huainan Alkali Plant's boiler was ignited. - The soda ash market in Sichuan and Chongqing is stable. With the resumption of plant operations, supply is expected to increase, and the market is filled with strong wait - and - see sentiment [2]. 3.6 Glass Market Analysis - From the supply side, glass production lines in October continued the relatively stable trend of September. Due to the approaching peak season of natural gas demand and the expected increase in natural gas prices, the profit of natural gas - fueled production lines will be further squeezed, and the willingness to cold - repair such lines may significantly increase. In addition, the implementation of policies to manage backward production capacity may limit capacity release. - From the demand side, the real - estate sales during the National Day holiday were generally good, but the stabilization of demand may not be sustainable. The market is expected to shift from supply - demand trading to policy - driven trading after the holiday. The price of glass is likely to oscillate upwards [2]. 3.7 Soda Ash Market Analysis - Yuanxing Energy's Phase II facilities are expected to be gradually commissioned, intensifying the supply - surplus situation. In October, during the off - season of downstream demand and with continuous supply growth, enterprise inventory is likely to rise again, putting pressure on prices. The demand from the real - estate and photovoltaic industries may not strongly support the soda ash market. However, the weakening downward momentum of prices may lead to production cuts, which could stimulate price recovery [2].

为保持银行体系流动性充裕，2025年10月9日，中国人民银行以固定数量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展11000亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为3个月 （91天）。数据显示，10月份将有8000亿元3个月期买断式逆回购到期。由此，中国人民银行今日开展11000亿元买断式逆回购操作，意味着10月份3个月期 买断式逆回购加量续作3000亿元。 什么是买断式逆回购？这次操作背后的主要原因是什么？下阶段货币政策怎么看？一起来看本期快问快答↓ | | | | 中国人民银行 THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF CHINA | | 货币政策司 Monetary Policy Department | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 信息公开 | 新闻发布 | 法律法规 | 货币政策 | 宏观申慎 | 信贷政策 | 金融市场 | 金融稳定 | 调查统计 | 银行会计 | | | 金融科技 | 人民币 | 经理国库 | 国际交往 | 人员招录 | 学术交流 | 征信管理 | 反洗钱 | 党建工作 | | 服务互动 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the four-year cryptocurrency cycle is considered dead by Arthur Hayes, but not for the reasons most people think [2] - Hayes argues that Bitcoin price cycles are driven by money supply and quantity, primarily influenced by the US dollar and Chinese yuan, rather than arbitrary four-year patterns or institutional interest [2] - Historical cycles ended due to tightening monetary conditions rather than time factors, indicating a shift in the current cycle's dynamics [2][4] Group 2 - The current cycle is different due to the US Treasury injecting $2.5 trillion into the market through increased bond issuance and a push for looser monetary policy to stimulate growth [2] - The Federal Reserve has resumed interest rate cuts despite high inflation, with a 94% probability of a cut in October and 80% in December [3] - Previous Bitcoin bull markets were closely tied to quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve and credit expansion in China, with downturns occurring when these conditions tightened [4][5] Group 3 - Hayes notes that while China may not drive this cycle as in the past, policymakers are shifting towards ending deflation rather than withdrawing liquidity, which could support Bitcoin's rise [6] - The transition from deflationary resistance to at least neutral or mildly supportive monetary policy removes major obstacles that could stifle the cycle, allowing US monetary expansion to boost Bitcoin prices [6] - On-chain analysis from Glassnode indicates that Bitcoin's price movements still reflect previous cyclical patterns, suggesting some continuity in market behavior [8]

Core Viewpoint - The bond market in September experienced weak fluctuations at high levels, with a bear steepening curve, influenced by upcoming policy directions and the "14th Five-Year Plan" during the 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session in October [1][3]. Group 1: Market Overview - The bond market showed weak fluctuations in September, with a bear steepening curve, influenced by speculation on monetary and fiscal coordination and the resumption of national debt trading tools [2]. - Basic economic data released in September was generally weak, but the bond market maintained a bear steepening trend, indicating that market sentiment was driven more by regulatory and monetary policy changes rather than economic fundamentals [3]. Group 2: Supply Side - The expected issuance scale of general government bonds in October is around 1 trillion, with special bonds expected to issue approximately 224 billion [4]. - The total issuance of local government bonds in October is projected to be around 980 billion, with a net financing scale of approximately 700 billion [4]. Group 3: Liquidity - Cash demand is expected to increase, leading to a wider liquidity gap in October, with fiscal deposits projected to increase by around 1 trillion [5]. - The central bank is expected to maintain liquidity support through various tools, keeping the interest rate and policy rate spread stable [5]. Group 4: Policy Environment - The central bank's monetary policy remains stable, with a focus on the use of existing tools rather than introducing new ones, indicating a neutral to slightly loose policy stance [6]. - In September, the central bank's MLF and reverse repos both saw a net injection of 300 billion, maintaining the same scale as August [6]. Group 5: Fund Performance - As of the end of September 2025, the scale of bond funds increased to 96,613 billion, with a net asset value of 110,577 billion, despite market volatility [7]. - The number of bond funds that ended their fundraising early remained consistent with the previous month, totaling 21 [7]. Group 6: Credit Spread - In September, credit bond yields rose, with mid-to-high-grade credit bonds seeing the highest increase of up to 16 basis points [8]. - The credit spread for short-term and medium-term bonds widened, with the 5-year credit bond increasing by 10 to 15 basis points [8]. Group 7: Yield Analysis - For a 3-month holding period, selecting credit bonds with a maturity of 6 to 10 years is expected to yield a return of approximately 0.70% to 0.90% [9]. - For a 6-month holding period, similar bonds are projected to yield returns of up to 1.80%, while for a 9-month period, returns could exceed 2.5% [9].

Group 1: Federal Reserve Meeting Minutes - The Federal Reserve lowered the benchmark interest rate by 0.25 percentage points to a range of 4% to 4.25% during the September meeting, marking the first rate cut of the year [1] - Most officials expressed a willingness for further rate cuts in the remaining months of the year, while also remaining cautious due to inflation risks [1] - A minority of officials were hesitant about the rate cut, suggesting that maintaining the current rate could have been justified [1] Group 2: French Political Instability - French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's sudden resignation has caused political turmoil, leading to uncertainty among investors and governments regarding budget deficits and political crises [2] - Concerns are rising that this instability could threaten the broader Eurozone economy, with some diplomats indicating that France's situation could jeopardize the entire Eurozone [2] - The crisis has significantly impacted investor confidence in France, which is the second-largest economy in the EU, amidst slow economic growth and high borrowing costs [2] Group 3: Currency Market Movements - The US Dollar Index rose, reaching a nine-week high, supported by increased risk aversion and weak economic data from Germany [3] - The Euro experienced a downward trend, hitting a six-week low, influenced by the strengthening US Dollar and concerns over political uncertainty in France [4] - The British Pound also declined slightly, affected by the rising US Dollar and weak employment data from the UK, alongside expectations of another rate cut by the Bank of England [5]

"总体上看，未来一段时间央行会综合运用买断式逆回购、MLF两项政策工具，持续向市场注入中期流 动性。"王青认为，这在助力政府债券发行，引导金融机构加大货币信贷投放力度的同时，也将释放数 量型政策工具持续加力信号，显示货币政策延续支持性立场。 央行货币政策委员会第三季度例会提到，建议加强货币政策调控，提高前瞻性、针对性、有效性，根据 国内外经济金融形势和金融市场运行情况，把握好政策实施的力度和节奏，抓好各项货币政策措施执 行，充分释放政策效应。保持流动性充裕，引导金融机构加大货币信贷投放力度，使社会融资规模、货 币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配。 目前，央行基础货币投放的渠道已较为丰富。市场人士预计，央行将通过质押式逆回购维持短期流动性 平衡，MLF和买断式逆回购提供中期流动性，降准叠加恢复国债买卖向市场注入长期流动性，以保持 市场流动性合理充裕。 10月9日，央行以固定数量、利率招标、多重价位中标方式开展1.1万亿元买断式逆回购操作，期限为3 个月（91天），加量续作3000亿元。 "十一"长假后，银行间市场资金回笼压力明显加大。10月9日至10日，公开市场逆回购到期量分别为 20633亿元和 ...

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) conducted a 1.1 trillion yuan three-month reverse repurchase operation on October 9, marking the first working day after the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday [1] - In October, there is a total of 1.3 trillion yuan maturing, with the PBOC expected to continue net injections through reverse repurchase operations [1] - The central bank has been actively using various monetary policy tools, including medium-term lending facilities (MLF) and reverse repos, to maintain liquidity in the market [2] Group 2 - The PBOC's monetary policy committee emphasized the need to keep liquidity ample and guide financial institutions to increase credit supply, aligning social financing growth with economic growth and price level expectations [2] - Analysts expect the PBOC to maintain a flexible and anticipatory policy approach in response to domestic demand shortages and ongoing global uncertainties [2] - The continuous increase in reverse repurchase operations and MLF indicates a commitment to supporting government bond issuances during a peak issuance period [2]