每经记者｜温雅兰 每经编辑｜董兴生 "可持续发展是人类社会共同的命题，ESG（环境、社会、治理）则已成为衡量企业核心竞争力、推动高质量发展的重要标志和关键力量。从全球范围看， 绿色转型、社会责任、治理升级已成为不可逆转的时代共识和发展趋势。"浙江大学管理学院党委副书记王恩禹说。 11月2日，由浙江大学管理学院主办、浙江大学管理学院专业学位教育中心承办、每日经济新闻支持的"ESG驱动与可持续发展论坛：从合规披露到价值创 造"主题论坛在浙江大学紫金港校区管理学院金色大厅圆满举行。来自学界、企业界、金融界的百余位嘉宾齐聚一堂，共话ESG从"合规披露"到"价值创 造"的进阶之路。 在全球可持续发展浪潮与"双碳"战略深入推进的背景下，ESG已从企业的可选动作升级为核心战略。 图片来源：主办方供图 论坛现场，王恩禹介绍了浙江大学管理学院在学科交叉"BEST"（Business、Engineering、Science、Technology）战略指引下，将ESG理念融入人才培养全过 程，并组建跨学科研究团队，致力于为推动中国经济与社会的可持续发展贡献浙大智慧和力量。 每日经济新闻副总经理黄波在致辞中表示，如今，ESG之于上市 ...

Core Viewpoint - China has transitioned from adhering to international rules to becoming a rule-maker, asserting its position in the global market, particularly in rare earth exports, which poses significant challenges for European industries such as automotive, defense, and artificial intelligence [1][2] Group 1: China's Position and Actions - China has implemented export controls on certain resources like gallium and rare earths, leading to immediate risks of supply chain disruptions in the EU's high-tech manufacturing sector [2] - The assertion of "I am the rule" reflects China's confidence in its ability to influence global trade dynamics, particularly in critical materials [1] Group 2: European Response - EU leaders, including President Macron and Chancellor Merz, have threatened to use the "nuclear option" of the EU's Anti-Coercion Instrument, which includes measures like trade restrictions and investment controls, if consensus on rare earth issues is not reached with China [1] - The EU's heavy reliance on China for 90% of its rare earth imports raises questions about the feasibility of achieving true autonomy in critical supply chains [2] Group 3: Implications for Global Trade - The current tensions highlight the contradictions in Western attitudes, where threats are issued while simultaneously seeking cooperation from China, indicating a lack of effective strategy [2] - The effectiveness of sanctions or restrictions imposed by Western nations is contingent upon China's participation or compliance, emphasizing the need for a more collaborative approach [2]

Economic Environment - The "15th Five-Year" period faces complex changes in the development environment, with both strategic opportunities and risks present[1] - External challenges include increased tariffs from the US and restrictions on high-tech imports, necessitating a focus on technological self-reliance[1][2] Strategic Planning - The core strategy for the "15th Five-Year" plan is to enhance independent innovation and technological self-reliance, supported by a modern industrial system centered on advanced manufacturing[2][3] - The plan emphasizes the need to expand domestic demand, boost consumption, and reduce reliance on foreign markets[4] Economic Growth Targets - The focus will shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development, with no specific GDP growth targets set for the next five years[5] - The average GDP growth rate during the "14th Five-Year" period was 5.4%, with projections for the "15th Five-Year" period to be between 4.5% and 5.0%[5] Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The fiscal policy will prioritize funding for major national strategies, focusing on modern industrial systems and increasing technology spending[6][7] - Monetary policy will aim for stability and flexibility, with an emphasis on supporting technology-driven sectors and managing economic cycles[8] Immediate Policy Actions - There is an expectation for macroeconomic policies to intensify in the fourth quarter to stabilize growth, including new fiscal measures and potential interest rate cuts[9]

Group 1 - The World Intellectual Property Organization's 2025 Global Innovation Index Report evaluates the innovation performance of nearly 140 economies using around 80 indicators, including R&D expenditure, venture capital transactions, high-tech exports, and intellectual property applications [1] - Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, South Korea, and Singapore rank highest in the innovation index, while China has entered the top ten for the first time, indicating a continuous enhancement of its innovation capabilities [1][2] - Global R&D growth is projected to slow down to 2.3% in 2025, down from 4.4% in 2023, with actual corporate R&D spending growth dropping to 1% due to persistent inflation, significantly lower than the 10-year average of 4.6% [1] Group 2 - China ranks tenth in the 2025 Global Innovation Index, achieving first place in knowledge and technology output, surpassing the U.S. in R&D spending, and leading globally in patent applications [2] - China has the largest number of innovation clusters globally, with 24 out of the top 100 clusters located in the country, and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou cluster has surpassed Tokyo-Yokohama to become the top-ranked innovation cluster [2] - Several middle-income economies have shown significant improvement in their rankings since 2013, with countries like India, Turkey, Vietnam, and the Philippines making notable advancements in various innovation metrics [3]

Core Viewpoint - Guangdong Province is accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system, focusing on optimizing the business environment to maintain economic resilience and stimulate market vitality, particularly for private enterprises and foreign investments [1][2]. Group 1: Business Environment and Growth - As of September 3, 2024, Guangdong has 20.0019 million registered business entities, a net increase of 953,100, representing a 5% growth, accounting for one-tenth of the national total [1]. - The number of registered private enterprises reached 8.3453 million, a year-on-year increase of 10.6%, while foreign-invested enterprises totaled 230,000, growing by 6.97% [1]. - The Greater Bay Area has seen 18,500 new foreign-invested enterprises, making up 97.73% of the province's total new foreign investments [1]. Group 2: Role of Private Enterprises - By August 2025, there were 19.2517 million registered private economic organizations in Guangdong, a year-on-year growth of 6.47%, constituting 96.45% of all business entities [4]. - Private enterprises account for over 90% of high-tech firms, technology-based SMEs, and specialized innovative enterprises in Guangdong [6]. - Despite their significant role, private enterprises face challenges in market access, fair competition, and resource allocation [6][7]. Group 3: Foreign Investment and Protection - Guangdong is a preferred destination for foreign investment, with over 350 Fortune 500 companies established in the region [10]. - By August 2024, the province had 230,000 registered foreign-invested enterprises, with a net increase of 15,000, marking a 6.97% growth [10]. - The province has implemented measures to enhance foreign investment protection, including legislative efforts and improved cross-border registration processes [11][12].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the resilience and growth potential of China's economy, particularly in the high-tech manufacturing sector, despite overall industrial profit declines [2][4] - In the first seven months, profits of large-scale industrial enterprises decreased by 1.7% year-on-year, with a notable improvement in July where profits fell by only 1.5%, indicating a narrowing decline [2] - High-tech manufacturing saw a significant turnaround in July, with profits increasing by 18.9% compared to a 0.9% decline in June, contributing to an overall acceleration in profit growth for large-scale industrial enterprises [2][3] Group 2 - The article emphasizes the importance of market consensus and support for innovation, as evidenced by the rise of domestic AI chip company Cambricon, which surpassed Kweichow Moutai in stock price, reflecting investor confidence in technology-driven enterprises [3] - The current market environment, characterized by asset scarcity, has led investors to place higher expectations and valuations on companies pursuing technological advancements [3][4] - The article calls for a supportive environment for high-tech enterprises, advocating for reduced regulatory costs and protection of property rights to foster their growth and contribution to economic transformation [4][5] Group 3 - The performance of high-tech manufacturing indicates a structural divergence in the economy, with traditional sectors like upstream raw materials and consumer services still facing challenges [4] - The article stresses the need for a robust risk management framework to assist struggling industries, including legal and institutional preparations for market exits and restructuring [4][5] - It highlights the necessity of market-oriented reforms, particularly for state-owned enterprises, to ensure their modernization and competitiveness in the evolving economic landscape [5]

Core Viewpoint - Foreign capital remains optimistic about the Chinese stock market, particularly small and mid-cap stocks, despite recent gains in major indices [1][2]. Group 1: Market Performance - Since the rebound began on April 8, the Shanghai Composite Index has risen over 21%, the Shenzhen Component Index over 27%, and the ChiNext Index over 43% [2]. - The CSI 300 Index has increased by over 19%, while the CSI 500 and CSI 1000 indices have risen by 26.8% and 31.96%, respectively [2]. - The CPO index has shown the strongest performance with a rise of over 123%, while other indices related to light chips, CRO, and rare earths have also seen significant increases [2]. Group 2: Capital Flow and Investment Trends - High net worth individuals have only allocated 22% of their financial assets to funds and stocks, indicating a potential inflow of over 10 trillion yuan into the market [2]. - There are signs of a shift in household savings from bank deposits to stock investments, as indicated by a negative monthly change in household deposits and an increase in non-bank financial institution deposits [3]. - The A-share market has become the most net bought market recently, with a buying ratio of 1.1 times [3]. Group 3: Broker Insights - CICC reports that since May, there have been signs of deposits moving to the stock market, with M1 growth rising to 5.6% in July from 2.3% in May [5]. - The rapid growth of margin accounts at brokerages suggests that deposits are being prepared for market entry, with non-bank deposits increasing by 1.4 trillion yuan in July [6]. - The trading volume in the A-share market has significantly increased, with daily turnover surpassing 2 trillion yuan and margin financing exceeding 2 trillion yuan [6]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Huaxi Securities believes that the A-share market has ample space and opportunities, supported by strong household savings and a shift in risk appetite among residents [7]. - The potential inflow of household savings into the stock market could be substantial, with estimates suggesting a range of 5 trillion to 7 trillion yuan [6][7]. - The current valuation of A-shares remains reasonable compared to historical levels, indicating potential for further growth [6].

Economic Performance - China's economy continued to show a stable and improving trend in the first half of the year, with new productive forces growing and high-quality development advancing, leading to a strong mid-year performance report [1] - The International Monetary Fund raised its forecast for China's economic growth by 0.8 percentage points, the highest adjustment among major economies [1] Service Trade Growth - China's service trade scale steadily increased in the first half of the year, with total service exports and imports exceeding 3.8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 8.0% [2] - Knowledge-intensive service trade maintained growth despite global uncertainties, showcasing China's economic resilience [2] High-Tech Manufacturing - The added value of high-tech manufacturing above designated size increased by 9.5% year-on-year, indicating robust performance in this sector [3] - The focus on quality over quantity in economic development is emphasized, with significant advancements in high-tech industries [3] New Productive Forces - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has led to significant progress in developing new productive forces, accelerating the transformation of old and new economic drivers [4] - The emphasis on innovation, green industries, and advanced manufacturing has resulted in rapid development of high-tech industries, becoming a crucial driver of economic growth [4] Foreign Investment Interest - Global sovereign wealth funds are increasingly prioritizing investments in China, with 59% of surveyed funds listing China as a primary or preferred market [8] - The transition from "Made in China" to "Created in China" is expected to provide more opportunities for foreign investors [8] Global Economic Contribution - China's stable economic growth and innovative vitality are contributing significantly to global development and providing important certainty [8] - The country is actively enhancing cooperation with Latin American nations in digital economy and renewable energy sectors, aiding in their sustainable development [8]

Economic Performance - China's economy continued to show a stable and improving trend in the first half of the year, with a strong performance leading to an upward revision of the GDP growth forecast by the International Monetary Fund by 0.8 percentage points, the highest among major economies [1] - The service trade in China saw steady growth, with a total import and export value exceeding 3.8 trillion yuan, marking an 8.0% year-on-year increase, particularly in knowledge-intensive service trade [2] - High-tech manufacturing showed remarkable performance, with the value added of large-scale high-tech manufacturing increasing by 9.5% year-on-year [3] Structural Changes - The focus of China's economic development has shifted towards quality, with significant progress in new quality productivity and a faster transition of old and new economic drivers [4] - The implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" has emphasized innovation, green industries, and advanced manufacturing, leading to rapid development in high-tech industries [4] - The government has encouraged technological innovation and green development, contributing to China's achievements in renewable energy and high-quality development [7] Global Investment and Cooperation - Foreign capital giants are accelerating their layout in the Chinese market, with 59% of sovereign wealth funds prioritizing China as a key investment market [8] - China's transition from "Made in China" to "Created in China" is expected to provide more opportunities for foreign investors, supported by a large consumer market and technological innovation capabilities [8] - China's proactive engagement in international cooperation, particularly in digital economy and renewable energy, is aiding sustainable development in partner countries [8] Future Outlook - The upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" is anticipated to further enhance high-quality cooperation, particularly in clean energy and local talent development [9] - China's stable development amidst global uncertainties is seen as a source of confidence and opportunity for international trade and cooperation [9]

Group 1 - The core argument highlights the resilience and opportunities within China's economy, countering Western skepticism and emphasizing a transformative phase led by innovation and technology [1][2] - China's industrial production is projected to exceed market expectations by 2025, with high-tech manufacturing outpacing traditional sectors, particularly in robotics, electric vehicles, and 3D printing [1] - The retail sector reflects the resilience of Chinese consumers, with domestic demand steadily recovering, particularly in the electric vehicle market, which is reshaping global dynamics [1] Group 2 - China's growing technological advantage is underscored by its production of 40% of the world's STEM graduates, driving innovation in electric vehicles, solar energy, 5G, and high-speed rail [2] - The unique scale of talent and manufacturing capabilities in China enables rapid iteration and commercialization of innovations, transitioning from a "copycat" nation to a global innovation engine [2] - Policy adjustments in China are laying the groundwork for sustainable growth, with a focus on domestic consumption and innovation rather than export [1][2]