近年来，我国消费市场规模稳步扩大，服务消费表现亮眼。2020年至2024年，居民服务性消费支出年均 增长9.6%。今年9月，商务部等部门印发《关于扩大服务消费的若干政策措施》，更大力度提振消费、 扩大内需。党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划 的建议》提出，"以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费"。本期特邀专家围绕相关问题进行研讨。 把握升级趋势释放服务消费潜力 扩大服务消费的重要意义和作用体现在哪些方面？如何看待服务消费未来发展潜力？ 谭永生（中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所副所长、研究员）：服务消费是促进民生改善 的重要支撑，也是消费转型升级的重要方向。当前，我国居民消费个性化、多样化、品质化的升级趋势 日益明显，正从商品消费转向服务消费，需充分认识发展服务消费的重大意义及其发展潜力，坚持扩大 内需这个战略基点，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。 扩大服务消费是扩内需的现实需要。商品消费多以满足功能性需求为主，边际效用会逐步递减，如居民 不会在短时间内重复购买家电、汽车等耐用消费品。服务消费更强调情感和体验层面的满足，具有持续 升级和反复消费的特性，这 ...

Core Viewpoint - Nanchang Suiying Jewelry Co., Ltd. has been established with a registered capital of 300,000 RMB, indicating a new player in the jewelry retail and wholesale market [1] Company Summary - The legal representative of the company is Guo Xiaoyong [1] - The company’s registered capital is 300,000 RMB [1] - The business scope includes retail and wholesale of jewelry, internet sales, jewelry recovery and repair services, cultural and entertainment brokerage services, and various consulting and planning services [1] Industry Summary - The company operates in the jewelry industry, which encompasses a wide range of services including marketing planning, brand management, and art brokerage [1] - The establishment of this company reflects ongoing investment and interest in the jewelry sector, particularly in the context of e-commerce and cultural services [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the historical shift from goods consumption to service consumption across various economies, highlighting the transition from material needs to spiritual and experiential demands [1][2] Economic Transition - Different economic stages emphasize varying consumption focuses, starting with basic needs in early development, moving to durable goods in mid-development, and finally shifting to service consumption as income levels rise [1] - Japan's post-war economic history illustrates this transition, with service consumption surpassing goods consumption in the 1990s, and projected to reach 1.4 times goods consumption by 2024 [1] - In the U.S., service consumption surpassed goods consumption in the 1970s, expected to reach 68.5% by 2024, covering sectors like healthcare, education, finance, and entertainment [1][2] Service Consumption and GDP - Service consumption becomes a crucial driver of economic growth as GDP per capita rises, with a significant increase in service consumption share observed in both the U.S. and Japan [2] - In the U.S., personal consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP increased from 48.4% to 67.9% from 1944 to 2024, with service consumption growing from 21.4% to 46.5% [2] Employment Growth - Service consumption drives employment growth due to its labor-intensive nature, with significant job creation in sectors like education, healthcare, and entertainment [3] - In the U.S., the workforce in emerging service industries has grown significantly, outpacing traditional sectors [3] Future Development Directions - In Japan, cultural entertainment and healthcare are key growth areas, driven by an aging population and a shift in consumer spending towards services [4] - In the U.S., the focus is on internet services, healthcare, and luxury services, influenced by demographic shifts and changing consumer preferences [4] China's Service Consumption Trends - China's aging population and rising health consciousness indicate substantial growth potential in healthcare services [5] - The ongoing shift in consumer structure towards experience-oriented spending is evident, with education, culture, and entertainment consumption increasing from 10.6% to 11.3% from 2013 to 2024 [5]

Economic Transition - The shift from goods consumption to service consumption is a historical trend observed across economies, driven by economic development, demographic changes, and policy transformations[5] - In Japan, service consumption surpassed goods consumption in 1993, with service spending in 2024 projected to be 1.4 times that of goods consumption[7] - In the U.S., service consumption reached 68.5% of total consumption by 2024, reflecting a significant transition from goods to services[9] Economic Growth and GDP - Service consumption has become a key driver of economic growth, with its share of GDP in the U.S. increasing from 21.4% in 1944 to 46.5% in 2024, a rise of 25.1 percentage points[11] - In China, service consumption accounted for 46.1% of total consumption in 2024, indicating substantial growth potential[10] - The transition to service consumption is closely linked to GDP per capita surpassing $10,000, marking a shift from survival to development-oriented consumption[10] Employment Impact - The growth of service consumption has led to significant job creation, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as education, healthcare, and entertainment[12] - In Japan, service sector employment increased from 10.55 million in 1981 to 17.64 million in 2001, a growth of 67.2%[59] - In the U.S., service sector employment rose from 15.39 million in 1939 to 113.71 million in 2024, an increase of 639%[62] Future Development Areas - Key growth areas for service consumption include healthcare and entertainment in Japan, driven by aging demographics and changing consumer preferences[15] - In the U.S., sectors such as internet services, healthcare, and luxury services are expected to see significant growth due to demographic shifts and increased demand for quality experiences[14] - China's healthcare sector is projected to expand significantly, alongside a shift towards experience-oriented consumption[15]

Core Insights - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, service consumption in China is experiencing rapid growth, with an average annual increase of 9.6% in resident service consumption expenditure from 2020 to 2024 [1] Group 1: Economic Impact - Expanding service consumption is a crucial strategy for boosting overall consumption and domestic demand, which is essential for enhancing the well-being of the population and meeting their needs for a better life [1] Group 2: Market Potential - The market potential for service consumption is vast due to the continuous release of market potential, ongoing upgrades in consumption structure, and accelerated industrial development [1] - China has the largest middle-income group globally, indicating significant market space and growth potential, particularly in sectors like elderly care, childcare, and healthcare services [1] Group 3: New Demand Drivers - The acceleration of new urbanization is leading to an influx of rural populations into cities, creating new demands in education, training, cultural entertainment, and residential services [1] - The application of new technologies such as mobile payments, IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality in the service sector is injecting new vitality into the expansion of service consumption [1]

Group 1 - The 2025 Heze National Day Automobile Consumption Cultural Exhibition was held from October 2 to 4, creating a festive atmosphere and stimulating market consumption [2] - The event featured diverse consumption and cultural experience scenarios, attracting many citizens despite light rain, indicating strong public interest [2] - The automobile exhibition area was particularly popular, with citizens actively engaging in inquiries about vehicle performance, configurations, and prices, leading to increased automobile consumption [2] Group 2 - The Heze Consumption Cultural Exhibition has been successfully held for multiple sessions, becoming an important platform for enhancing cultural life and releasing consumption potential in the region [3] - The exhibition has developed into a widely influential consumption culture brand in Heze, characterized by its clear themes, reliable quality, and rich content [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce, in collaboration with nine other departments, has issued a set of policy measures aimed at expanding service consumption, focusing on optimizing supply and stimulating demand while promoting both domestic and foreign investment in the service sector [1][2][3]. Group 1: Policy Measures Overview - The policy measures consist of five main areas with a total of 19 tasks designed to address bottlenecks in service consumption development [1]. - Key features of the measures include a focus on enhancing people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, optimizing supply while stimulating demand, and balancing domestic openness with foreign investment [2]. Group 2: Financial Support and Implementation - The People's Bank of China has introduced structural monetary policy tools to support service consumption, including loans for service consumption and elderly care, as well as encouraging financial institutions to innovate products and services [3]. - The implementation of these policies aims to ensure that benefits reach service providers and consumers, enhancing overall satisfaction [3]. Group 3: Enhancing Service Supply - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to improve service supply quality by promoting innovation in enterprises, enhancing service levels, and creating a favorable market environment [4][5]. - Specific initiatives include the integration of artificial intelligence in service sectors, the establishment of training bases for skilled service personnel, and the removal of market entry barriers to support small and medium-sized enterprises [4][5].

Group 1: Service Industry and Consumption Dynamics - In 2023, China's final consumption rate was 56.8%, which is 10.5 percentage points lower than that of middle-income countries and 19.2 percentage points lower than high-income countries[7] - Service industry output primarily flows into the consumption sector, with 78.5% of service industry final use being consumption, compared to only 36.2% for the industrial sector[12] - Urban residents' consumption accounts for 35.5%, rural residents 8.4%, and government consumption 34.6% of final use, highlighting the significant role of both resident and government consumption[15] Group 2: Potential Directions for Service Industry Development - The healthcare and social security sector in China accounted for only 2.6% of GDP in 2022, significantly lower than the sample region average of 7.2%[38] - The accommodation and catering industry represented 1.8% of GDP in 2024, which is 0.8 percentage points lower than the sample region average[38] - Cultural, sports, and entertainment sectors accounted for just 0.7% of GDP in 2022, compared to the sample region average of 2.5%[38] Group 3: Recommendations for Industry Improvement - For healthcare and elderly care services, macro policies should support the construction and operation of elderly care institutions through fiscal subsidies and loans, while also providing direct elderly care subsidies to low-income seniors[2] - In the cultural and tourism sector, the government should increase investment in cultural infrastructure and explore mechanisms like cultural consumption vouchers to stimulate demand[2] - In the accommodation and catering sectors, policies should focus on reducing tax burdens for individual operators and providing direct consumption subsidies to stimulate market demand[2] Group 4: Employment and Income Impact - The service industry accounted for 62.4% of non-agricultural employment in 2023, surpassing its 60.5% share of non-agricultural GDP[27] - The value added in the service industry flows more towards labor compensation, with 52.9% of service industry value added going to labor, compared to 34.8% in the industrial sector[23] - Each 1% increase in service industry employment leads to a 1.15% increase in manufacturing employment, indicating a strong multiplier effect[29]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report emphasizes the evolution of service consumption structure from survival-type to development investment-type and spiritual enjoyment-type, closely linked to economic development levels [1][6][29] - The report highlights that after reaching a GDP per capita of $10,000, service consumption accelerates, as evidenced by the U.S. and Japan, where service consumption as a percentage of total consumption significantly increased during this period [1][11][22] - The report suggests that China's service consumption structure is still lagging behind major developed countries, with service consumption accounting for approximately 37% of GDP in 2020, compared to over 60% in the U.S. and Japan [2][24][25] Group 2 - The internal transformation of consumption structure follows Maslow's hierarchy of needs, indicating a non-linear decline in survival-type consumption as economic growth progresses, with a notable trend towards "externalization" and "servicization" [2][13][14] - Development investment-type consumption, particularly in healthcare and education, has become increasingly important, with significant increases in spending observed in the U.S. and Japan from 1970 to 1990 [2][18] - The report identifies that cultural and entertainment consumption has risen significantly as disposable income increases, driven by factors such as increased leisure time and digital technology development [21][22] Group 3 - Recommendations include strengthening policy support for service consumption, expanding the range of covered service categories, and developing special funding plans to stimulate consumption in the service sector [3][29][30] - The report emphasizes the need to enhance the quality of supply in the restaurant, leisure, and entertainment sectors, and to promote the integration of healthcare with other service industries [3][29] - It also suggests improving the service consumption market monitoring system by incorporating big data tools and establishing real-time data platforms to better understand market dynamics [3][31]

Group 1: Economic Growth and Consumer Market - China's consumer market remains the second largest globally, with a projected retail sales total exceeding 50 trillion RMB this year, reflecting an average annual growth of 5.5% over the past four years [1] - Consumption contributes approximately 60% to economic growth annually, highlighting its role as a primary driver of economic activity [1] - The transition from high growth to high-quality development is underway, with per capita GDP expected to fall between 10,000 to 20,000 USD during the 14th Five-Year Plan, indicating a shift in consumption patterns and structure [1] Group 2: Service Consumption Challenges - Service consumption is identified as a shortcoming in China's economic development, with an average annual growth rate of 9.6% for service spending during the 14th Five-Year Plan, yet still lagging behind developed economies where service consumption exceeds 60% [2] - The primary challenge in developing service consumption is the lack of high-quality and innovative service supply, particularly in areas like culture, entertainment, health, and education [2] Group 3: Changing Consumer Attitudes - Traditional values of frugality and saving are evolving, with increased income and material supply leading to a rise in social consumption, particularly in housing, automobiles, and electronics [3] - There is a notable gap in cultural and entertainment spending compared to other countries, indicating significant potential for growth in experiential consumption [3] Group 4: Policy Recommendations for Service Sector Development - The recent Central Urban Work Conference emphasized the need to develop life service industries, addressing the supply shortage in service consumption as a key issue for expanding overall consumption [4] - Local governments are encouraged to allocate more policy resources to enhance service supply and stimulate investment in emerging service sectors such as health, elderly care, and entertainment [4]