行业周报 国债等恢复增值税征收,消费、经营贷将迎贴息 银行业周报 (2025.07.28-2025.08.03) 2025 年 8 月 4 日 核心观点 银行业 | | | 分析师 张一纬 ☎：010-8092-7617 z:zhangyiwei_yj@chinastock.com.cn 分析师登记编码：S0130519010001 研究助理 袁世麟 网: yuanshilin_yj@chinastock.com.cn 相对沪深 300 表现图 2025-08-01 20% 资料来源:ifind. 中国银河证券研究院 相关研究 www.chinastock.com.cn 证券研究报告 请务必阅读正文最后的中国银河证券股份有限公司免责声明 银行板块表现优于市场:本周沪深 300 指数下跌 1.75%,银行板块下跌 ● 0.84%。国有行、股份行、城商行、农商行分别+0.80%、-1.52%、-1.04%、 -2.30%。个股方面,9 家上市银行上涨,农业银行(+2.43%）、工商银行 (+1.74%)、邮储银行(+1.07%)、建设银行(+0.75%)、成都银行(+0.70%) 涨幅居前。截至8月1日,银行板块 ...

Group 1: AI Industry Development - China's AI industry has entered a "scale-up" phase, with a market size exceeding 700 billion RMB and a growth rate of over 20% annually[7] - The "AI+" action plan emphasizes three paths: open scene leadership, solidifying industrial foundations, and maintaining safety[4] - By 2030, the "AI+" industry is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15%, with a market value surpassing 1 trillion RMB, contributing approximately 10% to GDP growth over the next decade[40] Group 2: Industrial and Consumer Applications - China's industrial base provides rich scenarios for AI applications, with the country accounting for 31.6% of global manufacturing output in 2024, projected to reach 45% by 2030[25] - The AI consumer hardware market is expected to exceed 1.17 trillion RMB in 2024, growing at a rate of 10%, and is projected to surpass 2.5 trillion RMB by 2030[34] - Industrial robots installed in China reached 276,300 units in 2023, representing 51% of global installations, indicating a strong foundation for AI integration in manufacturing[30] Group 3: Data and Infrastructure - China's data volume is projected to grow from 51.78 ZB in 2025 to 136.12 ZB by 2029, with a CAGR of 26.9%[15] - The AI infrastructure is continuously improving, with domestic AI chip performance rapidly catching up to international standards, exemplified by Huawei's Ascend 384 system[13] - The number of AI companies in China exceeds 4,500, covering critical areas such as chips, algorithms, data, and applications[7]

Group 1: Economic Performance Overview - In the first half of 2024, China's economy grew by 5.3% year-on-year, with the top ten provinces contributing significantly to this growth, achieving a weighted GDP growth rate of 5.4%[1] - The GDP share of the top ten provinces increased from 61.22% at the end of 2024 to 61.62% in the first half of 2024, contributing over 62.32% to the national GDP increment[1] - Guangdong and Jiangsu together accounted for 20.7% of the national GDP, with Jiangsu's growth rate at 5.7%, surpassing Guangdong's 4.2%[1][3] Group 2: Provincial Growth Targets - 20 provinces exceeded their annual GDP growth targets in the first half, with Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Shandong showing the least pressure to meet their goals, exceeding targets by 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.6% respectively[1][2] - Conversely, 11 provinces fell short of their annual growth targets, with Hainan, Shanxi, and Chongqing lagging by more than 1 percentage point, indicating greater pressure to achieve their goals[1][2] Group 3: Investment Trends - 68% of the 25 provinces with comparable data reported fixed asset investment growth below their annual targets, necessitating increased efforts in the second half of the year[1][2] - The highest investment growth was seen in Tibet (24.8%), Inner Mongolia (14.8%), and Beijing (14.1%), while Guangdong and Hainan experienced declines of 7.6% and 9.7% respectively[1][2] Group 4: Consumption and Retail Sales - 63.6% of provinces reported retail sales growth exceeding annual targets, with Hainan leading at 11.2% growth, driven by policies promoting consumption[1][2] - Major cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai saw retail sales growth lagging behind the national average, attributed to high base effects and declining consumer confidence[1][2] Group 5: Export Dynamics - Eastern provinces faced significant export pressures, while central and western provinces like Qinghai and Gansu reported export growth exceeding 30%, driven by green energy products and diversified markets[1][2] - The export growth in Gansu to Belt and Road countries reached 33.1%, highlighting the importance of new markets for provincial economies[1][2]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the banking sector, highlighting its configuration value and positive fundamental factors accumulating [5][37]. Core Insights - The banking sector outperformed the market, with the banking index declining only 0.84% compared to a 1.75% drop in the CSI 300 index. Notably, state-owned banks showed a positive performance with a 0.80% increase [5][17]. - The recent Politburo meeting emphasized the continuation of proactive fiscal and monetary policies, which are expected to support bank credit and enhance the operating environment for banks [7][8]. - The restoration of VAT on newly issued government bonds is anticipated to increase banks' holding costs and affect their asset allocation strategies, leading to a decline in the actual comprehensive yield of various bonds [10][11]. - The implementation of interest subsidies for personal consumption loans and service industry loans is expected to benefit retail banking, stimulating credit demand and enhancing market vitality [16][37]. Summary by Sections Latest Research Insights - The Politburo meeting on July 30 focused on stabilizing employment, enterprises, and market expectations, with a commitment to implement more active fiscal policies and moderately loose monetary policies [7][8]. - The meeting also highlighted the importance of expanding domestic demand and developing new productive forces, which will benefit retail and technology finance businesses [9]. Weekly Market Performance - The banking sector's performance was relatively stable, with state-owned banks showing resilience. The overall banking sector's price-to-book (PB) ratio was 0.73, and the dividend yield was 4.09% as of August 1, 2025 [5][28]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that the banking sector's basic positive factors are continuously accumulating, and an inflection point in performance is expected. It recommends focusing on the effectiveness of a package of policies and the upcoming 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session [5][37]. - Specific stock recommendations include Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), Agricultural Bank of China (601288), Postal Savings Bank of China (601658), Jiangsu Bank (600919), and Hangzhou Bank (600926) [5][37].

Investment Rating - The report provides a "Recommended" investment rating for several companies in the transportation sector, including China National Aviation (601111.SH), Southern Airlines (600029.SH), and others [11][12][13]. Core Insights - The transportation industry is experiencing a mixed recovery, with air travel demand expected to increase due to the resumption of international flights and domestic consumption recovery driven by policy support [9][10][13]. - The express delivery sector is showing growth, with a 9% increase in revenue and a 15.8% rise in business volume year-on-year as of June 2025 [77]. - The cross-border logistics segment is anticipated to benefit from the growth of cross-border e-commerce, with domestic brands expanding their international presence [9][10]. Summary by Sections 1. Industry Performance Overview - The transportation sector's cumulative performance from July 28 to August 2, 2025, showed a decline of 3.22%, ranking it 27th among 31 SW primary industries [17][19]. 2. Industry Fundamentals Tracking (a) Aviation and Airports - Domestic and international capacity recovery rates for major airlines in June 2025 reached 150.62% and 93.36% respectively compared to 2019 [26][31]. - Major airports also reported recovery rates for domestic passenger throughput, with Baiyun Airport at 120.08% and Shanghai Airport at 119.80% compared to 2019 [31]. (b) Shipping and Ports - The SCFI (Shanghai Containerized Freight Index) reported a decline of 53.47% year-on-year as of August 1, 2025, indicating challenges in the shipping market [36]. - The CCFI (China Containerized Freight Index) also showed significant year-on-year declines across various routes, with the East America route down 40.97% [36]. (c) Road and Rail - In June 2025, rail passenger volume increased by 3.61% year-on-year, while rail freight volume rose by 2.24% [61]. - Road freight volume reached 36.51 million tons, up 2.87% year-on-year, with road passenger volume declining by 3.72% [68]. (d) Express Logistics - The express delivery industry achieved a revenue of 126.32 billion yuan in June 2025, marking a 9% increase year-on-year, with a business volume of 1.687 billion pieces [77]. 3. Key News and Announcements - The report highlights significant developments in the aviation sector, including the launch of a long-distance drone logistics route in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [84]. - Southern Airlines signed a memorandum of cooperation with Uzbekistan Airways to enhance air connectivity and service offerings [86]. - Shenzhen plans to establish over 1,200 low-altitude takeoff and landing points by the end of 2026 to support low-altitude logistics and transportation [87].

Group 1: AI Industry Development - China's AI industry has entered a "scale-up" phase, with a market size expected to exceed 700 billion RMB by the end of 2024, maintaining a growth rate of over 20% annually[7] - The "AI+" action plan emphasizes three main paths: open scene leadership, solidifying industrial foundations, and maintaining safety defenses[4] - The AI consumer hardware market is projected to surpass 1.17 trillion RMB in 2024, with a growth rate of approximately 10%[34] Group 2: Industrial and Consumer Applications - China's industrial robot installations reached 276,300 units in 2023, accounting for 51% of global new installations, with a projected annual growth rate of over 15%[30] - The AI application landscape is expanding in both industrial and consumer sectors, with significant opportunities in digital-native fields and high-penetration industries like finance and healthcare[42] - By 2030, the "AI+" industry is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15%, contributing approximately 10% to China's GDP growth over the next decade[40] Group 3: Data and Infrastructure - China's data volume is projected to grow from 51.78 ZB in 2025 to 136.12 ZB by 2029, with a CAGR of 26.9%[15] - The AI infrastructure, including computing power and data processing capabilities, is continuously improving, with domestic AI chip performance rapidly catching up to international standards[13] - The number of AI companies in China is over 4,500, covering critical areas such as chips, algorithms, and applications[7]

Group 1: Macro Economic Insights - The US non-farm payrolls for July showed a significant drop, with only 73,000 jobs added, far below the expected 110,000, and previous months' data was revised downwards by 258,000 jobs [2][3] - The unemployment rate rose to 4.25%, while hourly wages increased year-on-year to 3.91%, indicating a mixed labor market scenario [2][3] - Market expectations for interest rate cuts have increased, with traders anticipating three cuts totaling 75 basis points by December 2025, reflecting concerns over economic weakness [6][8] Group 2: Chemical Industry Insights - The polyester filament industry is experiencing a concentration of production capacity, with leading companies increasing their market share, resulting in a more orderly supply environment [19][22] - Demand for polyester filament remains stable, with a seasonal uptick expected in the second half of the year as inventory levels are low [20][22] - The cost pressures from raw materials are expected to ease, with oil price fluctuations influencing the cost structure of polyester filament production [21][22] Group 3: Pharmaceutical Industry Insights - The pharmaceutical sector is witnessing a recovery in public fund holdings, with a notable increase in the market value of heavy holdings, indicating a structural rebound [25][28] - Recent policy changes in drug procurement are expected to favor quality over price, potentially stabilizing profit margins for innovative drug and device companies [26][28] - The medical device market is showing signs of recovery, with significant growth in tendering activities, particularly in medical imaging and rehabilitation equipment [27][28] Group 4: North Exchange Market Insights - The North Exchange market has seen a decline in trading activity, with the average daily turnover dropping to approximately 251 billion yuan [31][32] - The overall market valuation remains high, with the North Exchange's price-to-earnings ratio at around 50.9 times, indicating potential for long-term investment value [32][34] - The introduction of new indices and steady progress in IPOs are expected to maintain a high level of market interest and activity [34]

Domestic Macro - Demand Side - As of July 31, the retail sales of passenger cars in China reached 1.444 million units in July, a year-on-year increase of 7.6%, but a month-on-month decrease of 21.0%[2] - The average number of domestic flights in July was 14,500, a month-on-month increase of 13.1% and a year-on-year increase of 2.3%[2] - The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) averaged 1,819.3 in July, a month-on-month increase of 8.6% but a year-on-year decrease of 5.0%[2] Domestic Macro - Production Side - The manufacturing PMI for July fell to 50.5%, down from 51% in June, indicating a slight contraction in manufacturing activity[3] - The new orders index dropped to 49.4%, down from 50.2%, while the new export orders index fell to 47.1% from 47.7%[3] - The construction PMI decreased by 2.2 percentage points to 50.6% in July, reflecting a slowdown in construction activity[3] Price Performance - As of August 1, the average wholesale price of pork decreased by 0.84% week-on-week, while the futures price of live pigs increased by 0.50%[4] - The average wholesale price of 28 key monitored vegetables rose by 0.64%, while the average price of 6 monitored fruits fell by 0.06%[4] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) saw a strong increase in crude oil prices, with WTI and Brent crude rising by 2.78% and 3.48% respectively[4] Fiscal and Investment - This week, the issuance of local special bonds accelerated, with an additional 350 billion yuan in special government bonds and 2.53 trillion yuan in special bonds issued, marking a 63.3% progress rate[7] - The issuance of local general bonds reached a progress rate of 63.9%[7] Monetary and Liquidity - The yield curve for government bonds is trending downward, with the 10-year government bond yield at 1.7059%, down 3 basis points from the previous week[9] - The central bank's reverse repurchase operation resulted in a net injection of 6.9 billion yuan this week[9]

Group 1: Market Overview - The Hong Kong stock market experienced a decline from July 28 to August 1, with the Hang Seng Index falling by 3.47% to 24,507.81 points, the Hang Seng Tech Index dropping by 4.94% to 5,397.40 points, and the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index decreasing by 3.78% to 8,804.42 points [4][38]. - Among the sectors, only the healthcare and communication services sectors saw gains, with increases of 2.29% and 0.07% respectively, while materials, consumer discretionary, and industrial sectors faced significant declines of 5.53%, 4.28%, and 4.08% respectively [7][38]. Group 2: Fund Flow and Liquidity - The average daily trading volume on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was HKD 282.73 billion, a decrease of HKD 5.208 billion from the previous week. The average daily short-selling amount increased by 40.03% to HKD 30.83 billion, representing 10.88% of the total trading volume [12][38]. - Southbound funds recorded a net inflow of HKD 59.02 billion, marking an increase of HKD 26.669 billion from the previous week, the highest weekly net inflow since mid-April [12][38]. Group 3: Valuation and Risk Premium - As of August 1, the PE and PB ratios for the Hang Seng Index were 11.13 times and 1.16 times, respectively, down by 1.66% and 2.23% from the previous week, placing them at the 81st percentile since 2019 [19][21]. - The risk premium for the Hang Seng Index was calculated at 4.76%, which is -1.95 standard deviations from the 3-year rolling mean, indicating a low-risk environment [21][26]. Group 4: Sector Insights - The healthcare sector showed strong performance with positive mid-year earnings reports, while the automotive sector reported a retail increase of 9% year-on-year in July, despite a month-on-month decline of 19% [10][11]. - The energy sector's dividend yield exceeded 7%, while utilities, real estate, finance, communication services, and industrial sectors all had yields above 4%, suggesting these sectors may provide stable returns for investors [29][38]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The report suggests that the Hong Kong stock market is expected to trend upwards with rapid sector rotation. It recommends focusing on high-dividend stocks for stable returns amid ongoing uncertainties from U.S. tariff policies and domestic policy support for sectors like innovative pharmaceuticals and AI [41][38].

Group 1: US AI Action Plan - The US AI Action Plan aims to establish global leadership in AI, focusing on "innovation-driven" and "deregulation" strategies to enhance market vitality and reduce development barriers[5] - Key policies include accelerating AI innovation, building AI infrastructure, and leading global AI order, with over 90 specific administrative orders outlined[6] - The plan emphasizes the importance of ensuring American workers benefit from AI advancements, creating high-paying jobs through infrastructure development[5] Group 2: Risks and Challenges for China - The US views China as its strongest competitor in AI, leading to risks such as deepening technology blockades and increased supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly in AI chip markets where Nvidia holds a 66% market share in China[9] - China's AI development may face fragmentation in industry standards and open-source barriers as the US promotes a "full-stack AI package" to expand its technological influence globally[13] - The US's focus on AI infrastructure and energy competition may create a technological gap between the US and China, impacting China's AI capabilities[16] Group 3: Global AI Governance and Cooperation - China has proposed the "Global AI Governance Action Plan," advocating for an inclusive and sustainable global AI governance system, emphasizing cooperation among developing countries[19] - The plan includes 13 key tasks, such as technology innovation and data governance, aiming to establish a unified international rule-making framework[20] - Local policies in China are accelerating the development of regional data industry systems, with Jiangxi province targeting a 20% annual growth in data markets by 2027[21] Group 4: AI Infrastructure Investments - Major US companies, including Google and Meta, are investing significantly in AI infrastructure, with Google planning to invest $25 billion in data centers and AI facilities across 13 states[33] - Trump's administration announced a $90 billion investment plan for AI and energy infrastructure, focusing on new data centers and power generation facilities[31] - The National Science Foundation (NSF) is collaborating with Voltage Park to provide 1 million hours of high-end GPU cloud computing resources for AI research[35]