Group 1 - The Hong Kong stock market experienced a collective decline in major indices, with the Hang Seng Index falling by 1.57% to 26,128.20 points, the Hang Seng Tech Index down by 1.58% to 6,195.11 points, and the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index decreasing by 1.79% to 9,303.10 points during the week from September 22 to September 26 [5][3][40] - Among the sectors, only the materials sector saw an increase of 2.67%, while the remaining ten sectors declined, with notable drops in consumer staples, real estate, and healthcare, which fell by 3.80%, 3.45%, and 2.81% respectively [7][3][29] - The average daily trading volume on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was HKD 302.73 billion, a decrease of HKD 44.39 billion from the previous week, while the average daily short-selling amount increased by HKD 3.62 billion to HKD 36.11 billion, representing 11.93% of the trading volume [15][3][29] Group 2 - As of September 26, the price-to-earnings (PE) and price-to-book (PB) ratios for the Hang Seng Index were 11.84 times and 1.21 times, respectively, both down by 1.7% from the previous week, placing them at the 85% and 86% historical percentiles since 2019 [20][22][29] - The risk premium for the Hang Seng Index was calculated at 4.25%, which is significantly below the three-year rolling average, indicating a low-risk appetite among investors [22][25][29] - The investment outlook suggests focusing on sectors with favorable policies and industry benefits, such as the AI industry chain, lithium batteries, and service consumption, as well as tourism-related sectors due to the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays [42][40][41]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - This week (9/22 - 9/26), bond market yields first rose and then fell, mainly driven by central bank open - market operations, end - of - quarter and holiday - related liquidity fluctuations, and stock - bond seesaw effects. As of 9/26, the yields of 30Y, 10Y (active bond), and 1Y treasury bonds changed by 3BP, 1BP, and 0BP respectively, closing at 2.22%, 1.80%, and 1.38%. The 30Y - 10Y and 10Y - 1Y term spreads changed by 2BP and 0.5BP respectively compared to last week, closing at 34BP and 49.5BP [1][8]. - Looking ahead to next week, the liquidity situation will face month - end and quarter - end challenges, but it is likely to return to equilibrium after the holiday. The fundamentals show mixed production indicators, mixed real - estate transaction year - on - year performance, and a comprehensive decline in the price index. The supply of interest - rate bonds decreased from 9/22 - 9/28. The central bank conducted net reverse - repurchase operations of 6406 billion yuan through 7 - day and 14 - day reverse repos and 6000 billion yuan of MLF to maintain end - of - month liquidity this week [2][3]. - The bond market is facing headwinds in a volatile environment, and there are mainly allocation opportunities. Next week, attention should be paid to the release of the September PMI data, the central bank's support for the liquidity during the month - end and quarter - end period, and the impact of the implementation of the new public - fund fee regulations on market sentiment [4]. 3. Summary According to the Catalog 3.1 This Week's Bond Market: Interest Rates First Rose and Then Fell, and the Yield Curve Remained Essentially Flat - From 9/22 - 9/26, bond market yields first rose and then fell. As of 9/26, the yields of 30Y, 10Y (active bond), and 1Y treasury bonds changed by 3BP, 1BP, and 0BP respectively, closing at 2.22%, 1.80%, and 1.38%. The 30Y - 10Y and 10Y - 1Y term spreads changed by 2BP and 0.5BP respectively compared to last week, closing at 34BP and 49.5BP. The 10Y yield movement was influenced by central bank support for end - of - quarter liquidity, increased market risk - aversion before the holiday, and market expectations regarding the new public - fund fee regulations [1][8]. - Specifically, on 9/22, bond market interest rates declined slightly. The central bank's net injection of 2605 billion yuan through 14D and 7D OMOs loosened the liquidity and boosted market sentiment. On 9/23, yields rose due to the central bank's shift from net injection to net withdrawal of 109 billion yuan and market concerns about the new public - fund regulations and tax - exemption policies. On 9/24, yields continued to rise as the stock market was strong and the central bank's 7D OMOs led to a net withdrawal. On 9/25, yields declined as the central bank injected 2965 billion yuan through 7D OMOs to support end - of - quarter liquidity. On 9/26, yields continued to decline as the central bank's net injection of 4115 billion yuan through 7D and 14D OMOs and the stock market adjustment before the holiday supported the bond market [26][27]. 3.2 Next Week's Outlook and Strategy 3.2.1 Bond Market Outlook: Liquidity Faces Month - End and Quarter - End Challenges, Likely to Return to Equilibrium after the Holiday - Fundamentals: Production indicators were mixed. The开工 rates of refined PTA and automobile semi - steel tires decreased by 0.355 and 0.08 percentage points respectively, while the blast - furnace开工 rate increased by 0.47 percentage points. On the demand side, overall demand recovered, but real - estate transactions were still mixed. The year - on - year change in the transaction area of commercial housing in 30 large - and medium - sized cities decreased by 6.57%, while that of land in 100 large - and medium - sized cities increased by 39.15%. Passenger - car sales also recovered with an increased margin, rising 10.36% year - on - year. The price index declined comprehensively. The average wholesale price of pork and the price index of edible agricultural products decreased by 0.94% and 0.1% respectively, the production - material price index decreased by 0.2%, and the crude - oil price decreased by 5.22% year - on - year [31][43][49]. - Supply: From 9/22 - 9/28, the issuance scale of interest - rate bonds decreased. The issuance of treasury bonds, local bonds, and inter - bank certificates of deposit (CDs) was 2475.3 billion yuan, 1960.51 billion yuan, and 7918.7 billion yuan respectively, a decrease of 2600.98 billion yuan compared to last week. The issuance progress of local bonds reached 84.3% (including the planned issuance next week), and the issuance progress of new special bonds and new general bonds was 84.3% and 84% respectively [2][64]. - Liquidity: From 9/22 - 9/26, the central bank conducted net reverse - repurchase operations of 6406 billion yuan through 7 - day and 14 - day reverse repos and 6000 billion yuan of MLF to maintain end - of - month liquidity. This week, the liquidity tightened marginally. DR001 and DR007 changed by - 15BP and 4BP respectively compared to 9/19, reaching 1.36% and 1.49%. The yields of 3M and 1Y CDs changed by about 1BP each, reaching 1.59% and 1.69%. The 1Y - 3M CD term spread remained at 10BP, and the 6M - 3M CD term spread expanded by 1BP to about 7BP. Next week, due to month - end, quarter - end, and the National Day holiday, the liquidity may tighten seasonally, but it is likely to return to equilibrium after the holiday with central bank support [3][70]. 3.2.2 Bond Market Strategy: Bond Market Faces Headwinds in a Volatile Environment, with Allocation Opportunities - Attention should be paid to three aspects: the release of September PMI data and the market's pricing of the expected upward repair of fundamentals; the central bank's support for liquidity during the month - end and quarter - end period; and the impact of the implementation of the new public - fund fee regulations on marginal redemptions and market expectations [80]. - Considering these factors, the potential for further downward pricing of fundamentals is limited compared to the expected upward repair. Although the bond market has shown some desensitization to the strong stock market since late August, risky assets such as stocks still suppress the bond market. The implementation of the new public - fund fee regulations may cause short - term negative feedback in the market, but the probability of significant redemptions disrupting the market is currently low. If there is a significant daily pulse of 2 - 4BP or more, it is advisable to seize the opportunity. Overall, the bond market is unlikely to experience a significant bear market, but short - term fluctuations may increase. The 1.8% level of the 10Y active bond offers good allocation value. In a volatile market, it is advisable to maintain an appropriate duration and increase allocations when yields are high. The short - end yields are likely to return to equilibrium after the month - end, with the policy rate (1.4%) as the lower limit. Currently, the short - end has reached 1.39%, so the odds of short - term profit - taking are limited. For the long - end, although the main trend has not changed significantly, short - term negative factors may accumulate, and fluctuations may increase. It is still recommended to seize the allocation opportunity at the 1.8% key level [4][5][87]. 3.3 Next Week's Open - Market Operations and Economic Calendar - Central bank open - market operations: In the past four weeks, the net injections (or withdrawals) were 4961 billion yuan, - 12047 billion yuan, 1961 billion yuan, 5623 billion yuan, and 9406 billion yuan respectively. Next week, there will be net withdrawals of 5166 billion yuan and 19508 billion yuan in one and two weeks respectively [88]. - Next week's fund calendar (9/29 - 10/5): The expected issuance of local government bonds is 526.97 billion yuan and 544.55 billion yuan on Thursday and Friday respectively. The maturity amounts of CDs are relatively high on Thursday and Friday. The maturity amounts of reverse repos are 2405 billion yuan and 2761 billion yuan on Thursday and Friday respectively. Thursday is a tax - payment week, and it is not a reserve - payment week [91]. - Next week's economic calendar: On September 30th at 9:30, the official non - manufacturing PMI, manufacturing PMI (market expectation: 50.10), and comprehensive PMI for September will be released [91].

Profit Growth and Economic Indicators - From January to August 2025, industrial enterprises achieved a total profit of CNY 46,929.7 billion, a year-on-year increase of 0.9% compared to a previous decline of 1.7%[1] - The total operating revenue for the same period was CNY 89.62 trillion, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 2.3%[1] - In August alone, profits saw a significant year-on-year increase of 20.4%, improving from a previous decline of 1.5%[1] Price Index and Profit Margin - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decline narrowed to -2.9% in August from -3.6% in July, indicating a stabilization in prices[1] - The cumulative profit margin for industrial enterprises from January to August was recorded at 5.24%, with a month-on-month increase of 0.09 percentage points[1] - Manufacturing and electricity, heat, gas, and water supply sectors showed an upward trend in profit margins, while mining experienced marginal improvements[1] Inventory and Cost Management - Finished goods inventory reached CNY 6.73 trillion, with a year-on-year growth of 2.3%, indicating a continued slowdown in nominal inventory growth[1] - The cost per CNY 100 of operating revenue was CNY 85.58, an increase of CNY 0.19 year-on-year, while expenses decreased to CNY 8.37, down CNY 0.08 year-on-year[1] - The average accounts receivable collection period increased to 70.1 days, indicating cash flow pressures on enterprises[1] Sector Performance and Future Outlook - Equipment manufacturing profits grew by 7.2%, contributing 2.5 percentage points to the overall profit growth of industrial enterprises[1] - Raw materials manufacturing profits surged by 22.1% year-on-year, driven by increased market demand and price recovery[1] - Consumer goods manufacturing profits shifted from a decline of 2.2% in the first seven months to a growth of 1.4% in the first eight months[1]

Investment Rating - The semiconductor industry is rated as "Maintain Recommendation" [1] Core Viewpoints - The semiconductor sector is experiencing strong overall performance, with a long-term positive outlook driven by AI computing demand, domestic substitution logic, and policy support [3] - The semiconductor equipment segment has shown robust performance, driven by increased demand for storage due to AI data centers and ongoing domestic substitution [3] - The semiconductor materials and electronic chemicals segment is active, with domestic substitution extending into high-end fields, although top-tier products still rely on imports [3] - The integrated circuit packaging and testing sector is focusing on technological upgrades and application expansion, particularly in advanced packaging to meet high-end chip demands [3] - The analog chip design sector is slowly recovering, with demand returning in industrial and communication markets, while automotive electronics recovery remains lagging [3] - The digital chip design sector is benefiting from AI computing demand, with notable IPO activities boosting market sentiment [3] Summary by Sections Semiconductor Equipment - The semiconductor equipment sector is a key focus for capital allocation, driven by new project launches from leading storage manufacturers and advanced logic expansion [3] Semiconductor Materials & Electronic Chemicals - The semiconductor materials segment is benefiting from vertical upgrades in the semiconductor industry chain, with a focus on high-end products like advanced photoresists [3] Integrated Circuit Packaging and Testing - The packaging and testing sector is transitioning towards advanced packaging solutions to meet the demands of AI and high-performance computing [3] Analog Chip Design - The analog chip sector is in a slow recovery phase, with potential improvements in profit margins due to anti-dumping investigations [3] Digital Chip Design - The digital chip design sector is experiencing structural growth driven by AI computing needs, with significant developments in domestic GPU iterations [3] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies with increasing domestic substitution rates and technological breakthroughs, recommending specific companies such as Cambricon, Haiguang Information, and others [3]

2025 年 9 月 26 日 基准情形下（逆周期政策托底经济），美元兑人民币汇率年末将趋近于 7.0； 乐观情形下（超常规逆周期政策刺激经济，或美国对来自中国的进口商品关税 税率在现有水平的基础上再调降 20 个百分点），我们根据模型测算美元兑人 民币汇率的新均衡位置在 6.7 附近。 "强汇率+弱基本面"的组合下，货币宽松可能无法延缓升值，反而加剧 升值。本轮的人民币升值并非来自经济基本面的推动，而是从汇率预期→外汇 供求关系→升值→汇率预期的逻辑链条，即汇率预期与预期的自我实现形成 向上螺旋。因此未来人民币汇率的主导逻辑也不是简单的降息交易，而是基于 汇率预期和中美博弈。假设美联储四季度货币宽松符合市场预期，我们对于人 民银行未来的降息幅度分两种情形进行讨论： 基准情形：逆周期政策托底经济，人民银行四季度降息 10-20BP，财政政策 适度加力，货币政策、财政政策将共同主导汇率变动 本轮人 民币的 升值并 非伴 随 中国经 济的强 势回升 ，事实上目前 的汇率 定价已 计入经 济增长 可能再 次面 临 压力的 未来现 实。但 是目 前 市场对 于四季 度降息 落地并未形成一致预期，因此目前的汇率水平并没 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the communication industry [3] Core Viewpoints - The enthusiasm for the industrialization of hollow-core fiber optics is high both domestically and internationally, with domestic manufacturers expected to leverage cost and technological advantages to capture a significant market share [2] - Major companies like Microsoft, Corning, and Heraeus are actively collaborating to advance the production of hollow-core fiber optics, with Microsoft planning to lay 15,000 kilometers of this fiber in the next two years [5] - Hollow-core fiber optics can significantly enhance transmission speed and reduce latency, making it a promising medium for future global optical communication [5] Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The hollow-core fiber optics market is currently small, but manufacturers with technological and patent advantages are in a leading position [2] - Companies such as Lumensity and Yangtze Optical Fibre are key players in the hollow-core fiber production, with other domestic firms like Hengtong Optic-Electric and Zhongtian Technology also making strategic moves [2] Market Dynamics - The demand for multi-mode fiber is expected to rise, and as the industrialization of hollow-core fiber accelerates, domestic manufacturers are likely to achieve large-scale shipments [2] - The collaboration between Microsoft and Corning aims to enhance the performance and reliability of AI networks through the production of hollow-core fiber [5] Future Outlook - The report suggests that while there are still technical challenges to overcome for mass production, the trend towards industrialization of hollow-core fiber optics is clear, with significant growth expected in demand for long-distance data transmission applications [5]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an investment rating of "Recommended" for the communication industry [3]. Core Viewpoints - There is a strong enthusiasm for the industrialization of hollow-core fiber optics both domestically and internationally, with domestic manufacturers expected to leverage cost and technological advantages to capture a significant market share [2]. - Major companies like Microsoft are actively pursuing the industrialization of hollow-core fiber optics, with plans to increase global production to meet the growing demand for network infrastructure [5]. - The hollow-core fiber optics technology promises to significantly enhance transmission speeds and reduce latency, making it a competitive medium for global optical communication [5]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The hollow-core fiber optics market is currently small, but manufacturers with technological and patent advantages are in a leading position. Companies like Lumensity and Changfei Fiber Optics are at the forefront, while domestic players such as Hengtong Optic-Electric and Zhongtian Technology are also making strategic moves [2]. Market Dynamics - The report highlights that the demand for multi-mode fiber optics is expected to rise, and as the industrialization of hollow-core fiber optics accelerates, domestic manufacturers will likely achieve large-scale shipments and capture a substantial market share [2]. Technological Advancements - Hollow-core fiber optics utilize air or inert gas instead of solid fiber cores, which allows for faster signal transmission and reduced latency compared to traditional quartz glass fibers. This technology is particularly beneficial for data centers, which are increasingly expanding in scale and energy consumption [5]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies such as Changfei Fiber Optics, Hengtong Optic-Electric, and Zhongtian Technology for potential investment opportunities in the hollow-core fiber optics sector [6].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the home appliance industry [1] Core Viewpoints - The home appliance industry is experiencing a shift from a "price war" to a "quality war," driven by Xiaomi's announcement of a 10-year free warranty for its air conditioners, which aims to enhance consumer confidence in product quality [3][41] - The impact of national subsidies is significant, with a projected increase in retail sales due to the "old-for-new" policy, which is expected to contribute to a 29.9% year-on-year growth in retail sales from September to December 2024 [5][19] - The air conditioning market is facing challenges due to a high base from the previous year and the reduction of national subsidies, leading to cautious production forecasts for the upcoming months [3][22] Summary by Sections 1. Domestic Sales and Export Trends - The "old-for-new" policy has positively impacted domestic sales, with a notable increase in retail sales of home appliances [5] - In August 2024, air conditioning domestic sales volume reached 7.737 million units, a year-on-year increase of 1.2%, driven by high temperatures [3][22] - Export volumes for air conditioners are expected to decline, with a forecast of approximately 9.581 million units for the entire year 2025, a year-on-year decrease of 1% [48] 2. Air Conditioning Industry Growth - The air conditioning market is experiencing a decline in retail sales, with online and offline sales showing significant year-on-year decreases in September 2025 [3][22] - The average retail price of air conditioners has shown signs of recovery after a price war, with offline prices rising to 4,301 yuan per unit in September 2025 [41][42] - The air conditioning industry is transitioning towards a focus on quality and service, as evidenced by Xiaomi's extended warranty offering [3][41] 3. Valuation and Investment Recommendations - The home appliance sector is currently undervalued, with a price-to-earnings ratio of 15.3, below the historical average of 17.3 [74] - Investment recommendations include companies with strong dividend yields and successful digital transformation, such as Midea Group and Haier Smart Home [76] 4. Heat Pump Industry Development - The heat pump industry is expected to benefit from favorable policies, with a projected market space of 100 billion yuan [65] - Exports of heat pumps are showing signs of recovery, with a year-on-year growth of 21.6% in the first seven months of 2025 [65]

ESG 策略周度报告 本周 ESG 策略有所回撤 ——ESG 策略周度报告（20250919） 2025 年 9 月 22 日 核心观点 分析师 马宗明 ：18600816533 ：mazongming_yj@chinastock.com.cn 分析师登记编码：S0130524070001 研究助理 方嘉成 相关研究 1.【银河 ESG】厚积薄发，志存高远——ESG 投资策 略解析与优化构建 www.chinastock.com.cn 证券研究报告 请务必阅读正文最后的中国银河证券股份有限公司免责声明 1 2.【银河 ESG】穿越市场周期变幻：ESG 舆情整合策 略新径 3.【银河 ESG】本周 ESG 舆情整合策略超额收益为 5.94%——ESG 策略周度报告（20250419） 4.【银河 ESG】本周 ESG 舆情整合策略超额收益为 0.79%——ESG 策略周度报告（20250425） 5.【银河 ESG】本周 ESG 评级下调数居多，策略有 所回撤——ESG 策略周度报告（20250430） 6. 【银河 ESG】本周 ESG 舆情整合策略绝对收益为 2.16%——ESG 策略周度报告（202505 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the banking sector [1][39]. Core Insights - The banking sector underperformed the market, with a decline of 4.21% compared to a 0.44% drop in the CSI 300 index. State-owned banks, joint-stock banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks saw declines of 4.43%, 4.48%, 3.61%, and 3.54% respectively [3][13]. - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) adjusted the 14-day reverse repurchase operation to a fixed quantity and interest rate bidding, enhancing liquidity management and emphasizing the 7-day OMO rate as the core policy rate. This change is expected to benefit larger state-owned banks more than smaller banks [3][5][6]. - A new set of policies aimed at boosting consumption has been introduced, focusing on enhancing service consumption platforms, improving service quality, and increasing financial support for consumption-related sectors. This is expected to stimulate retail credit growth [11][12]. Summary by Sections Latest Research Insights - The PBOC's adjustment of the 14-day reverse repurchase operation aims to optimize liquidity management and reinforce the 7-day OMO policy rate [5][6]. Weekly Market Performance - The banking sector's performance was notably weaker than the broader market, with significant declines across various types of banks [3][13]. Valuation of the Sector and Listed Companies - As of September 19, 2025, the banking sector's price-to-book (PB) ratio stands at 0.67, indicating a 37.43% discount compared to the overall A-share market [29][35]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that the adjustments in reverse repurchase operations and the new consumption policies will lead to improved fundamentals for banks, with a potential turning point in mid-term performance. Specific banks recommended for investment include Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Postal Savings Bank of China, Jiangsu Bank, Hangzhou Bank, and China Merchants Bank [39][40].