Report Industry Investment Rating The document does not provide the industry investment rating. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The central bank's bond purchase is approaching, which is conducive to the sustainability of fiscal expansion and may be implemented in Q4 or even October. - The early issuance of replacement bonds in Q4 is not the baseline expectation. If it happens, the probability of the central bank restarting bond purchases will increase. - The significance of the inflection point of social financing has declined, but the pressure on the fundamentals will gradually emerge, which will bring some support to the bond market. - At the current position, there is no need to be overly pessimistic about bonds. In the short - term, investors can play the rebound and wait for the central bank's bond purchase to be implemented later. [2][3] Summary According to the Directory 1. The central bank's bond purchase is conducive to the sustainability of fiscal expansion - The net supply of government bonds has been increasing, with a 3 - year compound growth rate of 24% from 2022 - 2025, and the proportion of bond interest payments in fiscal expenditure has reached 4.5% in 2024. Future government bond issuance is likely to remain high. - Commercial banks' ability to absorb government bonds has declined, leading to frequent "flying" in the primary issuance of government bonds this year. - Low - interest rates are crucial for fiscal sustainability. In Japan, lower interest rates have supported continuous fiscal expansion. In China, a 10BP increase in bond issuance interest rates in 2025 would increase fiscal interest payments by 22.6 billion, and a 10BP increase in the average cost of existing debt could lead to an increase in interest - payment costs of over 100 billion. [8][9][13] 2. The central bank's recent measures to improve bond market liquidity may be preparations before bond purchases - The second meeting of the joint working group of the Ministry of Finance and the central bank in early September is regarded as a signal for the central bank to restart bond purchases. - The central bank may want to improve the bond market infrastructure first to reduce the impact of its bond - buying behavior on the yield curve. - In July, the central bank proposed to cancel the freeze on collateral for bond repurchases, and on September 12, the China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. and the National Inter - bank Funding Center announced a centralized bond lending business, which may increase market liquidity. The central bank may restart bond purchases in Q4 or even October. [20][27][29] 3. The early issuance of replacement bonds in Q4 is not the baseline expectation. If it happens, the probability of the central bank restarting bond purchases will further increase - The statement of "pre - allocating part of the new local government debt quota for 2026 and using the debt - resolution quota earlier" does not necessarily mean the early issuance of 2 trillion replacement bonds in Q4. The new debt quota mentioned may refer to 80 billion of new local special bonds for debt resolution, and early allocation of this quota has been a common practice since 2019. - It is estimated that the average monthly net financing of government bonds in Q4 is about 633.5 billion. Unless there is a significant decrease in fiscal deposits in September, the early issuance of replacement bonds in Q4 is not the baseline expectation. Even if they are issued early, the central bank is likely to take measures to maintain liquidity, increasing the probability of bond purchases in Q4. [30][35][39] 4. The significance of the inflection point of social financing has declined, but the pressure on the fundamentals will gradually emerge - In August, the new social financing was 256.93 billion, slightly higher than expected but with a year - on - year decrease. Credit and government bonds were the main drags. The social financing growth rate dropped to 8.8%. - The significance of the social financing inflection point has decreased since 2021 due to the weakening impact of the real - estate cycle. However, the pressure on the fundamentals is increasing, as shown by weak export and inflation data in August and slow improvement in high - frequency data such as real - estate sales and construction - related indicators. This may support the bond market. [40][48] 5. At the current position, there is no need to be overly pessimistic about bonds. In the short - term, play the rebound and wait for the central bank's bond purchase to be implemented later - Although the bond market may face external disturbances such as the implementation of the redemption - fee new rule and the adjustment of the tax - exemption policy for public - fund dividends, after the 10 - year government bond yield reached 1.83%, panic has been largely released. - The large - scale buying by the allocation portfolio last week indicates that the interest rate may have reached the top. - It is recommended to play the short - term interest - rate rebound, keep a neutral position, and reserve funds for further investment. 3 - 5 - year policy - financial bonds and secondary bonds have increased in allocation value, while long - term bonds may be affected by the equity market and should be watched in the short - term. [49][52]

Core Viewpoint - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has issued a clear warning regarding the medium-term fiscal sustainability of Romania, indicating that without further fiscal consolidation measures, public debt could rise to nearly 70% of GDP by 2030, with ongoing risks of sovereign credit rating downgrades [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Forecast - The IMF projects Romania's real GDP growth rate to be 1.0% in 2025, with a slight recovery to 1.4% in 2026 [1]. - The current economic outlook is characterized by dual risks of "downward growth and upward inflation" [1]. Group 2: Fiscal Policy Concerns - The IMF emphasizes concerns over the effective execution of Romania's fiscal consolidation plan for 2025-2026, which poses challenges to restoring market confidence [1]. - It is deemed "crucial" to implement medium-term fiscal consolidation and additional adjustment measures to rebuild fiscal sustainability and stabilize market expectations [1]. Group 3: Fiscal Deficit Projections - If the current reform plan is fully executed, Romania's fiscal deficit is expected to narrow to about 6% of GDP by 2026 [1]. - Without additional corrective measures, the budget deficit may only reduce to 5% of GDP by 2030, while public debt could rise to nearly 70% [1]. Group 4: Additional Fiscal Measures - To achieve more robust fiscal targets, the IMF suggests that Romania needs to implement additional fiscal consolidation measures equivalent to 0.67% of GDP annually starting in 2027 to bring the fiscal deficit below 3%, which is considered the safe threshold under EU fiscal rules [2]. - The IMF's statement does not disclose specific policy recommendations or directly evaluate the current stance of the Romanian government, but emphasizes that strengthening fiscal discipline and enhancing policy credibility are key to avoiding a deterioration in the debt trajectory and mitigating rating downgrade risks [2].

Core Viewpoint - International gold prices have surged nearly 40% this year, driven by central bank purchases and increased demand for safe-haven assets due to complex global situations [1][2] Group 1: Factors Influencing Gold Prices - The recent jump in gold prices since late August is linked to market speculation about a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve and rising long-term bond yields in multiple countries due to fiscal sustainability concerns [1] - France's 10-year bond yield has risen significantly, surpassing levels in Greece and Spain, raising investor concerns about fiscal sustainability [1] - The UK’s 30-year bond yield reached a 27-year high due to investor sell-offs, reflecting worries about the UK government's fiscal situation and economic outlook [1][2] Group 2: Broader Trends in Bond and Gold Markets - The upward pressure on long-term bond yields is not isolated to the UK and France; countries like the US, Japan, and Germany are experiencing similar trends [2] - Investors are shifting from government bonds to gold, indicating a growing concern over government debt risks, which is prompting a re-evaluation of safe-haven assets [2] - The ongoing bull market for gold has lasted nearly three years, with prices continuing to reach new historical highs, suggesting further upward potential [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that international gold prices have surged nearly 40% this year, driven by central bank purchases, complex global situations, and increased demand for safe-haven assets [1][2] - The recent rise in gold prices since late August is linked to market speculation regarding a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve and rising long-term bond yields due to concerns over fiscal sustainability in multiple countries [1][2] - France's 10-year bond yield has risen significantly, surpassing levels in Greece and Spain, raising investor concerns about fiscal sustainability [1] Group 2 - The upward pressure on long-term bond yields is not isolated to France and the UK; similar trends are observed in the US, Japan, and Germany, indicating a broader concern over government debt risks [2] - Investors are shifting from government bonds to gold, reflecting a growing apprehension about fiscal sustainability and the safety of traditional safe-haven assets [2] - The ongoing bull market in gold, which has lasted nearly three years, is supported by central bank purchases and geopolitical uncertainties, with the potential for further price increases as long-term bond sell-offs continue [2]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The discussion primarily revolves around the global fiscal landscape, particularly focusing on developed economies such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and the European Union. Core Insights and Arguments - Political turbulence in multiple countries is closely linked to fiscal policies, with governments facing pressure to adjust their fiscal strategies due to declining public support [1][3] - The long-term and ultra-long-term interest rates in developed economies have risen significantly, indicating market pricing for potential fiscal expansion [1][4] - A collective fiscal expansion across multiple economies is anticipated in 2026, with significant stimulus measures expected from the US, Japan, Germany, and the EU [1][6] - The trend of de-globalization is increasing inflationary pressures and limiting monetary easing, making large-scale fiscal expansion a necessary response to economic downturns [1][7] - Political polarization poses challenges to timely implementation of fiscal policies, potentially destabilizing the bond market and reducing the effectiveness of fiscal expansion [1][8][9] - Structural issues in developed economies, such as Japan's aging population and Europe's investment shortfalls, limit the effectiveness of fiscal policies [1][10] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - The US faces rapidly rising interest expenditures, which could strain fiscal sustainability, while Europe and Japan are constrained by mandatory social security expenditures [2][11] - The effectiveness of fiscal stimulus may be compromised by political polarization and the inability to convert fiscal measures into effective economic growth [1][8] - Gold is highlighted as a reliable safe-haven asset amid rising inflation concerns and fiscal expansion, with industrial metals also presenting potential investment opportunities in the near future [1][12]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes that the political situation in the UK is likely to have a more significant impact on the performance of the British pound than upcoming macroeconomic data [1] - Ebury strategist Matthew Ryan highlights that the focus is currently on political dynamics rather than macroeconomic developments [1] - The recent cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Starmer did not significantly affect the pound, primarily because Chancellor Reeves retained the position of Finance Minister [1] Group 2 - Investors are expected to remain anxious ahead of the autumn budget announcement on November 26, where tax increases are almost certain [1]

Group 1 - The South Korean government approved a budget of 728 trillion won for the fiscal year 2026, marking an 8.1% increase from the previous year, which is significantly higher than the 2.5% increase this year, setting a record high for total budget expenditure [1] - The budget reflects a shift from a "tight" fiscal policy under the previous administration to an "expansionary" approach, focusing on stimulating growth through investments in artificial intelligence (AI) and research and development [1] - The R&D budget will increase from 29.6 trillion won to 35.3 trillion won, a 19.3% rise, the largest ever, aimed at accelerating innovation in six key sectors: AI, biotechnology, cultural content, defense, energy, and manufacturing [1] Group 2 - The defense budget will rise from 61.25 trillion won to 66.3 trillion won, with a focus on improving personnel welfare and developing advanced weapons such as next-generation stealth fighters, AI, drones, and robots, marking the first time the defense budget has increased by over 5 trillion won in a single year [1] - The budget for industrial policy will expand by 14.7% to 32.3 trillion won to support exporters affected by tariffs, while cultural industry spending will grow by 8.8% to 9.6 trillion won [2] - To finance the budget, the government plans to cut around 1,300 projects, freeing up 27 trillion won, but most of the new spending will rely on large-scale borrowing, pushing national debt to over 1,400 trillion won, which will account for 51.6% of GDP [2] Group 3 - The government aims to stimulate the economy through expansionary fiscal policies, which are expected to lead to a rebound in tax revenues, creating a virtuous cycle of "financing through finance" [3] - The budget will be submitted to the National Assembly for review in early September, with final approval expected in December [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Brazilian government has launched a new social project called "Gás do Povo" aimed at providing free cooking gas to low-income households, with an annual cost of approximately 5.1 billion reais, fully integrated into the federal budget for 2026, ensuring fiscal sustainability [1] Group 1: Project Overview - The "Gás do Povo" project is designed to benefit around 17 million households registered in the social unified registration system, impacting over 50 million people [1] - The project will begin in November 2025, providing approximately 65 million gas cylinders for free to eligible families through 58,000 distribution points nationwide [1] Group 2: Financial Aspects - The annual cost of the project is estimated at 5.1 billion reais, which has been incorporated into the federal budget framework for 2026 [1] - The project emphasizes fiscal responsibility while ensuring that vulnerable groups receive essential energy support through full gas subsidy vouchers [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that overseas long-term bond yields are experiencing significant increases, with Japan, the UK, and the US seeing record highs in their long-term bond yields [1][2][3] - In the US, the expectation of Federal Reserve rate cuts is primarily affecting short-term rates, while long-term rates are rising due to concerns about persistent inflation and potential second-round inflation risks [1][2] - The 30-year Japanese government bond yield reached 3.28%, the highest on record, while the UK’s 30-year bond yield climbed to 5.75%, the highest since 1998 [1][2] Group 2 - Concerns about fiscal sustainability are rising in other economies, particularly in Japan and the UK, where persistent inflation and large fiscal deficits are leading to expectations of increased taxation or spending cuts [2][3] - Japan's central bank is now expected to raise interest rates earlier than previously anticipated, with market expectations shifting from April to January or March [2] - The UK’s inflation rate reached 3.8% in July, raising doubts about the Bank of England's ability to cut rates this year [2] Group 3 - Seasonal factors are contributing to poor performance in long-term bonds, with historical data showing that September is typically a weak month for long-term bonds [3] - The current environment is characterized by a peak in corporate bond issuance, which is exacerbating supply-demand mismatches in the bond market [3] - Investment-grade dollar bond premiums are at near-low levels, prompting increased corporate bond issuance, with over $90 billion issued recently [3] Group 4 - The rising yields on overseas long-term bonds may enhance their attractiveness relative to equities, potentially leading to increased allocations from institutional investors [4] - Concerns about the independence of the Federal Reserve and the "stagflation" environment in developed economies are creating downward pressure on both bonds and currencies, while gold may benefit in this context [4] - The US 30-year bond yield remains relatively stable, but yields in Japan and the UK continue to rise, indicating potential for further increases [4]

Core Viewpoint - The British pound has experienced significant volatility, primarily due to concerns over fiscal sustainability and political uncertainty in the UK, leading to a notable decline against the US dollar [1] Group 1: Currency Performance - As of September 4, the GBP/USD exchange rate is at 1.3434, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.04% from the previous close of 1.3440 [1] - The pound fell sharply by 1.15% on September 2, marking the largest single-day decline in nearly two months [1] Group 2: Economic Factors - The UK government's borrowing costs have risen to their highest level since 1998, indicating strong market concerns regarding fiscal stability [1] - Prime Minister Starmer's urgent reshuffle of the senior economic advisory team has raised investor doubts about the continuity and stability of economic policies, further undermining market confidence [1] Group 3: Market Reactions - A widespread sell-off in major global bond markets has led to a significant increase in UK bond yields, intensifying downward pressure on the pound [1] - The daily chart for GBP/USD indicates a double top reversal pattern, with key moving averages suggesting potential for further upward movement, although caution is advised due to the current market conditions [1]