证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2025-12-08 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《货币政策重心转移————2026 年 展望系列四》 - 2025.12.03 固收周报 30 年国债超跌了吗？ ——流动性周报 20251207 l 30 年国债交易的至暗时刻，也是配置的良机 观点回顾：以机构心态视角来看，年末对收益的诉求普遍偏弱， 明年一季度理财类机构和保险机构存在抢筹的意愿。年内债市行情限 于区间震荡的局面可能不易改变，年末时点存在提前抢筹、行情升温 的契机。 从期限利差视角，30 减 10 的期限利差再次回到近年高位，虽然 很难判断超长债期限利差的合理水平，因为超长期政府债的发行压力 始终存在，但是在居民部门加杠杆之前，风险偏好的修复很难驱动超 长端期限利差回到更高的位置。 从利率比价视角，扣除税收之后的 30 年国债收益率和房贷利率 之间已经持平，以央行对不倒挂的要求出发，30 年国债收益率不应再 大幅上行。虽然这种比较关系并非严格有效，但依然可以作为定价参 考； 研究所 从机构行为视角 ...

国债期货周报：表现结构分化，等待企稳信号 研究员：沈忱 CFA 期货从业证号：F3053225 投资咨询证号：Z0015885 目录 第一部分 周度核心要点分析及策略推荐 2 第二部分 相关数据追踪 10 GALAXY FUTURES 1 227/82/4 228/210/172 181/181/181 87/87/87 文 字 色 基 础 色 辅 助 色 137/137/137 246/206/207 68/84/105 210/10/16 ◼【策略推荐】 2 GALAXY FUTURES 227/82/4 221/221/221 208/218/234 内容摘要 ◼【综合分析】 逻辑梳理：本周债市表现进一步分化，中短端走势偏震荡，但超长端调整加大。除明年货币宽松有望延续，而通胀预期已出现改善这 一基础叙事外，当前超长债投资者结构较为脆弱，市场对明年超长债供需失衡的担忧有所发酵以及海外部分国家长债收益率高位运行 等或也是导致超长端表现格外偏弱的重要原因。后续来看，虽然我们依旧认为当前基本面及流动性现状并不支持国债收益率持续走高 ，但短期内债市走势更多受投资者行为主导，在央行释放更为明确的呵护信号，抬升市场配 ...

债市周周谈：关注大跌后的长债机会 20251207 摘要 2025 年下半年，尽管央行在短端实施宽松政策，经济增速放缓，但债 券收益率反而上升，表明资金面与基本面脱钩，投资累计增速为- 1.7%，四季度单月同比增速更是超过-10%。 近期超长债收益率大幅上升，主要原因是券商自营和基金大量抛售，11 月 20 日至 12 月 5 日两周内，券商自营净卖出超长利率债超 600 亿元， 基金净卖出约 500 亿元，券商还通过借券做空加剧抛售。 截至目前，30 年国债与 10 年国债的期限利差超过 40 个基点，达到近 三年高位，显著高于过去几年 12 至 60 个基点的波动范围，反映了市场 对长端利率的较高风险溢价。 2018 年以来，政府性融资规模显著增加，预计 2025 年将达 13.8 万亿， 导致市场供给大幅增加，新增供应主要集中在政府类证券，优质企业发 新置旧替换贷款加剧信贷数据低迷。 2025 年债券市场主要变化包括政府债券大幅增长（净发行规模增加 2.5 万亿）、非银机构调整持仓和久期，以及超长债供求失衡，银行自营面 临消化新增债券的久期管理问题。 Q&A 2025 年对于债市投资者来说是极其艰难的一 ...

最近债圈的日子"不好过"。12月4日早盘，股债市场齐跌，持续阴跌的债市迎来更大幅度调整，超长债 抛压尤为明显。 30年期国债期货合约全天跌超1%，创近期单日最大跌幅；30年超长债收益率一度上行4BP（基 点），"25超长特别国债06"收益率已经来到2.28%附近。 不同于前期"股债跷跷板"效应下的债市波动，四季度以来债市接连阴跌，期限利差不断走阔。对于债市 进一步大跌，有市场人士对第一财经表示，作为交易主线之一的央行国债买卖不及预期已被市场消化， 但持续下跌加上短期无明显利好，机构抛售兑现老券浮盈叠加买盘力量弱，极易形成负反馈。 不少机构分析，短期恐慌情绪难免，但在长期趋势下，此轮深跌也为后续反弹留下空间。12月将有 10000亿元3个月期买断式逆回购到期，央行4日晚间公告称将于5日进行等量续作。 国债期限利差进一步走阔 临近年末，尽管资金面整体延续宽松态势，但持续阴跌的债市没有修复迹象，反而迎来了进一步深跌。 12月4日，截至收盘，国债期货全线下跌，30年期主力合约跌1.04%，创下2024年11月22日以来新低； 10年期主力合约跌0.35%，5年期主力合约跌0.24%，2年期主力合约跌0.05%。 银行 ...

临近年末，股债"跷跷板"效应弱化。 债市持续承压，超长债收益率逼近年内高点。临近年末，股债"跷跷板"效应弱化，市场分歧加剧。 12月3日，债市延续震荡趋势，利率债收益率多数上行，超长期特别国债明显更弱，30年期"25超长特别 国债06"收益率来到2.24%附近。消息面上，市场密切关注的央行国债买卖靴子落地，500亿元净投放规 模高于上月，但仍低于预期。 有市场人士对记者表示，国债买卖和公募基金赎回费率新规是近期债市交易的两大主线。尽管11月央行 买债规模较上月增加，但相比去年月均买债规模仍偏低，不及市场预期。 不过，从市场反应来看，在上述消息公布后，持续阴跌的超长债收益率一度出现小幅修复。在此之前， 债市持续承压，超长债表现明显更弱，多只30年期国债活跃券收益率来到年内高位，期限利差不断走 阔。 回顾来看，11月以来，10年期国债活跃券"25附息国债16"收益率从1.79%抬升至1.84%左右，"25超长特 别国债06"收益率则从2.14%附近一路升至2.24%附近。 "债市连日阴跌，市场对买卖国债的规模本身就有较高的预期。从债券的走势来看，显然（央行）买卖 国债500亿元不及市场预期，昨日（2日）早盘开始， ...

Group 1: Market Overview - The global risk appetite has decreased, with the VIX index and MOVE 5-day moving average rising significantly, leading to a synchronized decline in both stock and commodity markets [2] - Major global stock indices have generally retreated, with the technology sector experiencing notable declines, while gold, silver, copper, and oil also recorded drops [2][3] - The USD index has surpassed 100, and the Japanese yen has depreciated significantly, approaching the 160 mark against the dollar [2][5] Group 2: Equity Market Performance - The MSCI global index fell by 2.5%, with developed markets showing a pattern where declines in frontier markets were less severe than in developed and emerging markets [3] - In the U.S., major indices like the S&P 500 and Dow Jones dropped by 1.9%, while the Nasdaq fell by 2.7%, indicating increased scrutiny on the earnings quality of major tech firms [3] - Emerging markets saw significant declines in A-shares, with small-cap and tech boards dropping over 5.1%, while the Russian RTS index rose sharply by 9.1% [3] Group 3: Bond Market Dynamics - The Chinese bond market exhibited a "bear steepening" trend, with the yield curve shifting upward and the 10Y-2Y spread widening [4] - In contrast, U.S. Treasury yields showed a "bull steepening" pattern, with the yield curve moving downward, influenced by dovish comments from the New York Fed [4] - The Japanese government is expected to issue additional bonds to finance a fiscal stimulus plan, which may lead to increased long-term bond yields [4] Group 4: Commodity and Currency Trends - Commodity indices such as South China and CRB fell by 1.8% and 2.2%, respectively, with only three out of thirteen major commodity futures recording price increases [5] - The dollar index rose by 0.9%, while the yen depreciated by 1.2%, which may benefit Japanese exporters but also heighten inflationary pressures [5] - The Bank of Japan faces increased pressure to raise interest rates due to the combination of yen depreciation and inflation [5] Group 5: Fixed Income Issuance and Trading - Net financing in the bond market increased, with a total issuance of 3,846.4 billion yuan against 2,555.6 billion yuan maturing, resulting in a net increase of 1,290.8 billion yuan [9] - Secondary market trading volume decreased, with total transactions amounting to 7,783.28 billion yuan, down from 8,032.22 billion yuan the previous week [10] - The yield on 3-year AAA medium-term notes fell by 2.33 basis points to 1.86%, indicating a downward trend in short-term yields [10]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating There is no specific industry investment rating provided in the report. 2. Core View The bond market is expected to continue its oscillating trend. Considering the weak fundamental situation, a slightly bullish stance is recommended for unilateral trading, with the suggestion to lightly position long on T contracts on dips. In terms of arbitrage, it is advised to stay on the sidelines for the short - term after closing the short position on the 30Y - 7Y term spread (TL - 3T) mid - week. Attention should be paid to potential cash - and - carry arbitrage opportunities in the next - quarter bond futures contracts [5][6]. 3. Summary by Directory First Part: Weekly Core Points Analysis and Strategy Recommendation - **Market Analysis**: This week, the bond futures market showed some divergence. Some market participants pre - speculated on the central bank's treasury bond trading information for this month, leading to relatively stronger performance in the short - to - medium - term. Meanwhile, foreign media reports on real - estate incremental policies suppressed long - term sentiment, with the TL contract declining more in the second half of the week. The actual progress, specific intensity of real - estate policies, and the source of fiscal subsidy funds are unknown, making it difficult to drive a trend - upward in yields. Market expectations for interest - rate cuts are weak, and capital prices continue to constrain the downward movement of yields [5]. - **Strategy Recommendation** - **Unilateral Trading**: Adopt a slightly bullish approach and lightly position long on T contracts on dips [6]. - **Arbitrage**: After closing the short position on the 30Y - 7Y term spread (TL - 3T) mid - week, stay on the sidelines in the short - term. For inter - delivery - month arbitrage, also enter a wait - and - see mode as the liquidity of the current - quarter contracts will gradually decline next week. Pay attention to potential cash - and - carry arbitrage opportunities in the next - quarter bond futures contracts, as their valuations are relatively high, mostly above 1.7% [5]. Second Part: Relevant Data Tracking - **Economic Data** - **EPMI**: In November, China's Strategic Emerging Industries Purchasing Managers' Index (EPMI) was 52.7, down 7.0 percentage points from the previous month. Although the decline was significant, it remained in the expansion range. EPMI and the official manufacturing PMI usually have high synchronicity in trends, but they diverged last month, indicating significant differences in the prosperity of different domestic industries. With the slowdown in the expansion of emerging industries in November, the recovery momentum of this month's PMI may still be weak [10]. - **Capital Market** - **Funding Conditions**: This week, affected by tax payments and a still - high net financing scale of government bonds, the market funding situation tightened first and then eased. As of Friday's close, DR001 and DR007 were 1.3209% and 1.4408% respectively. The overnight and 7 - day non - bank funding spreads were 6.68bp and 5.44bp respectively. The one - year certificate of deposit issuance rate of joint - stock banks slightly rose to around 1.65%. Next week, the net financing scale of government bonds will continue to decline, but approaching the end of the month, the funding situation will face some temporary disturbances. With the central bank's consistent supportive attitude, the upward range of market funding prices is expected to be relatively limited [12][16][17]. - **Term Spread**: Since Wednesday this week, the 30Y - 7Y term spread has widened again. On one hand, after the spread approached 40bp, there was a lack of substantial positive drivers, and the momentum for further compression was insufficient. Some funds pre - speculated on the central bank's treasury bond trading information for November and preferred to go long on medium - term treasury bonds. On the other hand, foreign media reported on Thursday that the policy level was considering providing mortgage subsidies to new home buyers nationwide in the future, which was more bearish for the long - term. If the mortgage subsidy policy is finally implemented, it will help balance the cost of home purchases and the rent - to - sale ratio for residents, and the probability of the central bank cutting interest rates will decrease accordingly, which is negative for the bond market. However, the details of relevant policies are unknown, so the bond market is not expected to over - price in advance [18][19][25]. - **Arbitrage Indicators** - **Inter - delivery - month Arbitrage**: In the past two weeks, the indicators for potential inter - delivery - month arbitrage opportunities during the roll - over period of the T contract triggered two short - term long - trading signals, but the indicator became neutral starting on Thursday, presumably related to the significant increase in long positions in the next - quarter T contract on that day. As next week is the last week before the delivery month, it is recommended to enter a wait - and - see mode for inter - delivery - month arbitrage [5][26][29]. - **Cash - and - carry Arbitrage**: Calculated based on the ChinaBond valuation and futures settlement prices, the implied repo rates (IRR) of the current - quarter contracts of TS, TF, T, and TL are 1.3226%, 1.0132%, 1.4099%, and 1.2732% respectively. The IRR of the next - quarter contracts of TS, TF, T, and TL are 1.6583%, 1.7361%, 1.7706%, and 1.7469% respectively, with relatively high valuations [34]. - **Roll - over Progress**: This week, the roll - over of the main contracts accelerated significantly. As of Friday's close, the roll - over progress of the TS, TF, T, and TL contracts was 69.2%, 63.2%, 63.7%, and 64.8% respectively [35].

Group 1 - The report indicates a cooling sentiment in the credit bond market, with institutions adopting a more conservative trading behavior, favoring short-term bonds over extending durations [1][6] - Overall performance in the credit bond market remains balanced, with credit spreads for bonds maturing within 5 years reaching their lowest point of the year [1][6] Group 2 - In the primary issuance segment, net financing increased to 1290.8 billion yuan for the week of November 17-21, 2025, compared to 361.2 billion yuan in the previous week [6][10] - The total issuance of major credit bond varieties amounted to 3846.4 billion yuan, with 2555.6 billion yuan maturing during the same period [6][10] - The distribution of issuers by credit rating shows that AAA-rated issuers accounted for the largest share at 60.1%, with diversified industries represented [6][7] Group 3 - In the secondary trading segment, total transactions decreased to 7783.28 billion yuan, down from 8032.22 billion yuan in the previous week [10][13] - The yields on medium-term notes (MTNs) generally declined, with the 3-year AAA MTN yield falling by 2.33 basis points to 1.86% [10][13] - The report notes a continued narrowing of spreads for short-term bonds, while long-term spreads showed limited movement [10][13] Group 4 - The report tracked credit rating adjustments, noting two upgrades for issuers in the municipal investment platform sector, with no downgrades reported [6][10] - There were two new extensions of bonds, with no new defaults recorded during the week [6][10]

Summary of ABS Market Analysis Industry Overview - The Chinese ABS market is divided into interbank and exchange markets, with credit ABS previously dominant, now followed by the rise of exchange ABS and ABN. [1][7] - Currently, enterprise products dominate the market, influenced by macroeconomic factors and real estate, leading to an overall decline in scale. However, consumer finance products are performing strongly, with an annual issuance of approximately 2 trillion RMB and a total stock of about 3.5 trillion RMB. [1][7] Key Insights and Arguments - **Growth Areas**: - General consumer finance ABS is expected to become a growth segment, benefiting from policies aimed at expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption. [1][10] - Accounts receivable/supply chain finance ABS are expanding into emerging fields such as new energy, data, and overseas supply chain notes. [1][10] - Leasing ABS activity is increasing with new entities emerging, while city investment assets are decreasing in supply. [1][10] - Non-performing ABS is growing rapidly, primarily driven by banks' off-balance-sheet needs, and is expected to continue increasing in the short to medium term. [1][10] - **Market Dynamics**: - The ABS market is transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to one of high-quality development, with limited growth in CNBS but active participation from city investment entities. [2][7] - The liquidity of ABS has improved, attributed to the stability of products and the expansion of trading investors, although monthly turnover rates remain lower than traditional bonds. [12][13] - **Investment Opportunities**: - Current investment opportunities in the ABS market include basis spreads in general consumer finance, term spreads in leasing and fee income rights, seasonal premiums, new issuance premiums, and discounts from bundled sales rules. [19][21] Important but Overlooked Content - **Risk and Return Characteristics**: - Different types of ABS products have unique risk-return profiles, and investors should assess them based on specific circumstances. [21][22] - Retail ABS performance shows a divergence, with lower default rates in mortgage and auto loans compared to higher rates in consumer loans and microloans, yet small diversified assets remain stable. [15][22] - **Challenges**: - The ABS market faces challenges such as valuation pricing difficulties and trading complexities. Investors need to conduct in-depth research on cash flow models and underlying asset performance. [21][22] - **Investor Preferences**: - The main investors in ABS include banks, public funds, bank wealth management, and insurance companies, each with different preferences based on their investment strategies and risk appetites. [24][22] This summary encapsulates the key points from the ABS market analysis, highlighting the current state, growth opportunities, and challenges within the industry.

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the document. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Interest rate bonds adjusted slightly this week, with the yields of 1Y, 3Y, 5Y, 7Y, and 10Y China Development Bank bonds rising by 3BP, 3BP, 5BP, 3BP, and 2BP respectively compared to last week. Credit bonds showed differentiated performance, with the yields of 1Y and 10Y credit bonds rising slightly, while those of 3Y, 5Y, and 7Y falling. Credit spreads of all grades narrowed, with the 3 - 7Y spreads compressing most significantly [2][5]. - The spreads of urban investment bonds mostly declined by 4 - 5BP. The credit spreads of external - rated AAA, AA +, and AA platforms decreased by 4BP, 5BP, and 5BP respectively compared to last week. Provincial - level platform spreads decreased by 4BP, and municipal - and district - level platform spreads decreased by 5BP [2][9]. - The spreads of industrial bonds declined overall, but the spreads of mixed - ownership and private real - estate bonds continued to rise. The spreads of central and state - owned enterprise real - estate bonds decreased by 2 - 4BP, while those of mixed - ownership and private real - estate bonds increased by 42BP and 15BP respectively. The spreads of coal, steel, and chemical bonds of various grades also declined [2][17]. - The yields of secondary - tier and perpetual bonds (two - types of bonds, "two - eternal bonds") rose across the board, performing weaker than ordinary credit bonds. The adjustment amplitude of medium - and high - grade varieties was higher, especially the spreads of 3 - 5Y perpetual bonds widened [2][26]. - The excess spreads of 3Y industrial perpetual bonds rose, and the excess spreads of urban investment bonds continued to differentiate. The excess spreads of industrial AAA 3Y perpetual bonds rose by 4.03BP to 16.17BP, and those of industrial 5Y perpetual bonds remained flat at 12.39BP. The excess spreads of urban investment AAA 3Y perpetual bonds rose by 2.39BP to 7.39BP, while those of urban investment AAA 5Y perpetual bonds decreased by 4.16BP to 9.14BP [2][31]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Interest rate bonds adjusted, and credit bonds showed differentiated performance, with the 3 - 7Y credit spreads narrowing significantly - Interest rate bonds adjusted slightly this week. The yields of 1Y, 3Y, 5Y, 7Y, and 10Y China Development Bank bonds rose by 3BP, 3BP, 5BP, 3BP, and 2BP respectively compared to last week [2][5]. - Credit bonds of different maturities showed differentiated performance. The yields of 1Y and 10Y credit bonds rose slightly, while those of 3Y, 5Y, and 7Y fell. The spreads of all grades narrowed, with the 3 - 7Y spreads compressing most significantly. In terms of rating spreads and term spreads, there were also different changes [5]. 3.2 The spreads of urban investment bonds declined by 4 - 5BP - The credit spreads of external - rated AAA, AA +, and AA urban investment platforms decreased by 4BP, 5BP, and 5BP respectively compared to last week. The spreads of most platforms declined by 3 - 7BP, with some exceptions [9]. - In terms of administrative levels, provincial - level platform spreads decreased by 4BP, and municipal - and district - level platform spreads decreased by 5BP. Most provincial - level platform spreads declined by 2 - 6BP, and most municipal - level platform spreads declined by 4 - 7BP, while most district - level platform spreads declined by 3 - 6BP [9][14]. 3.3 The spreads of industrial bonds declined overall, but the spreads of mixed - ownership and private real - estate bonds continued to rise - The spreads of central and state - owned enterprise real - estate bonds decreased by 2 - 4BP, while those of mixed - ownership and private real - estate bonds increased by 42BP and 15BP respectively. For example, the spreads of Longhu decreased by 3BP, and those of Midea Real Estate decreased by 2BP, while those of CIFI rose by 36BP, and those of Vanke rose by 145BP [17]. - The spreads of coal bonds of all grades declined by 4 - 5BP, the spreads of steel bonds of all grades declined by 2 - 4BP, the spreads of AAA - grade chemical bonds declined by 4BP, and those of AA + - grade chemical bonds declined by 5BP. For example, the spreads of Shaanxi Coal Industry decreased by 2BP, those of HBIS decreased by 4BP, and those of Jinkong Coal Industry decreased by 6BP [17]. 3.4 The two - eternal bonds adjusted across the board, performing weaker than ordinary credit bonds - The yields of two - eternal bonds rose across the board, performing weaker than ordinary credit bonds. The adjustment amplitude of medium - and high - grade varieties was higher, especially the spreads of 3 - 5Y perpetual bonds widened [26]. - Specifically, for 1Y bonds, the yields of all - grade secondary - tier capital bonds rose by 2 - 3BP, and the spreads remained flat; the yields of all - grade perpetual bonds rose by 2BP, and the spreads decreased by 1BP. For 3Y bonds, the yields of all - grade secondary - tier capital bonds rose by 3 - 4BP, and the spreads rose by 0 - 1BP; the yields of all - grade perpetual bonds rose by 3 - 5BP, and the spreads rose by 0 - 2BP. For 5Y bonds, the yields of all - grade secondary - tier capital bonds rose by 3 - 4BP, and the spreads decreased by 1 - 2BP; the yields of AA + and above - grade perpetual bonds rose by 6 - 7BP, and the spreads rose by 1 - 2BP, while the yields of AA - grade perpetual bonds rose by 2BP, and the spreads decreased by 3BP [28]. 3.5 The excess spreads of 3Y industrial perpetual bonds rose, and the excess spreads of urban investment bonds continued to differentiate - The excess spreads of industrial AAA 3Y perpetual bonds rose by 4.03BP to 16.17BP, reaching the 46% quantile since 2015, while the excess spreads of industrial 5Y perpetual bonds remained flat at 12.39BP, reaching the 26.93% quantile since 2015 [31]. - The excess spreads of urban investment AAA 3Y perpetual bonds rose by 2.39BP to 7.39BP, reaching the 12.25% quantile, while the excess spreads of urban investment AAA 5Y perpetual bonds decreased by 4.16BP to 9.14BP, reaching the 8.51% quantile [31]. 3.6 Explanation of the compilation of the credit spread database - The overall market credit spreads, the spreads of commercial bank two - eternal bonds, and the credit spreads of urban investment/industrial perpetual bonds are calculated based on the data of ChinaBond medium - and short - term notes and ChinaBond perpetual bonds. The historical quantiles are since the beginning of 2015. The credit spreads related to urban investment and industrial bonds are compiled and statistically analyzed by the R & D Center of Cinda Securities, and the historical quantiles are also since the beginning of 2015 [37]. - The credit spreads of industrial and urban investment individual bonds are calculated as the individual bond's ChinaBond valuation (exercise) minus the yield to maturity of the same - term China Development Bank bonds (calculated by the linear interpolation method), and finally the credit spreads of the industry or regional urban investment are obtained by the arithmetic average method [37]. - The excess spreads of bank secondary - tier capital bonds/perpetual bonds are calculated as the credit spreads of bank secondary - tier capital bonds/perpetual bonds minus the credit spreads of the same - grade and same - term bank ordinary bonds. The excess spreads of industrial/urban investment - type perpetual bonds are calculated as the credit spreads of industrial/urban investment - type perpetual bonds minus the credit spreads of the same - grade and same - term medium - term notes [37]. - Industrial and urban investment bonds both select medium - term notes and public - offering corporate bonds as samples, and guarantee bonds and perpetual bonds are excluded. If the remaining maturity of an individual bond is less than 0.5 years or more than 5 years, it is excluded from the statistical sample. Industrial and urban investment bonds are based on external entity ratings, while commercial banks use ChinaBond implied debt - item ratings [37].