证券研究报告：固定收益报告 研究所 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 分析师:李书开 SAC 登记编号:S1340524040001 Email:lishukai@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《风险偏好如何定价？——流动性周 报 20250824》 - 2025.08.25 信用周度观点 调整后，如何抓住信用的机会？ ——信用周报 20250825 ⚫ 调整后，如何抓住信用的机会？ 8 月中旬开始连续两周债市持续调整，特别是上周市场的调整较 为超出预期，信用债同步走跌且各主要期限品种的跌幅均高于利率。 上周股债 "跷跷板"效应继续发力，上证指数继突破新高，债市对基 本面指标钝化，跌势持续，收益率继续上行。信用债同步利率走弱， 同时多数期限的信用债跌幅超出利率，但幅度相差的绝对值尚可。超 长期限信用债行情同步走弱，跌幅多数超过同期限利率债，其中流动 性较好的二永超长债跌幅最低，流动性最差的超长城投债跌幅较大。 二永债行情同步走弱但"波动放大器"的特征不算明显，1Y-5Y 跌幅与普信债类似，超长期限部分也与超长信用债 ...

华泰证券研报称，当前债市票息保护弱、重博弈、情绪驱动强，投资体验"事倍功半"。短期债市仍处逆 风，但利率大概率"上有顶"。短期维持十年国债老券上限在1.8%附近（配置盘开始关注），极限位置是 1.9%（交易盘介入），潜在超调风险仍来自于机构行为。时间上，十月份之后（供给淡季+情绪拐点 +消费等高基数）再寻找"反攻"机会。资金面持续收紧风险不大，继续推荐曲线陡峭化交易。品种上， 30年国债、二永债等品种容易成为情绪放大器，建议暂时规避。5-7年及以下利率债品种兼具防守特 性，杠杆套息浅尝辄止。信用债以中短端为主，3-5年普通信用债经过本轮下跌后初具性价比。转债保 持权益β暴露。 ...

来源：郁言债市 ►传统框架失效，"看股做债"走向极致 7月中旬以来或是相对煎熬的阶段。一方面，债市需要承受长久期收益率大幅上行带来的资本利得亏损，另一方面，投资者还面临着传统利率定价框架的 全面失效。在理论上，债市定价的三要素，资金面、基本面、政策面，均支持利率下行。 市场进入了一个由风险偏好单变量决断的定价状态，这也使得"看股做债"走向极致。这种状态形成的原因，或主要与股市非常态的风险收益率比相关，4 月以来股市的极致行情使得上证指数、万得全A的滚动3M卡玛比率自7月后长期维持在4.0以上水平，这是去年"924"行情也无法达到的状态。这种几乎只 涨不跌的风险偏好，对债市形成极大压力。 ►8月下旬，股市发展的两个逻辑 一是快涨逻辑，在"九三共识"的支撑下，各大股指，尤其是大盘型股指，或受到资金的托举，继续维持只涨不跌的趋势，同时由于本轮股票牛市不同 于"924"行情，前期散户资金进场节奏或更为温和，未来一周随着股市赚钱效应得到强化，不排除居民资金集中进场，加快股市上涨速度的可能性，债市 或仍面临压力。 二是震荡逻辑，随着9月3日阅兵时点将近，部分投资者或针对"九三共识"做逆向投资，提前止盈退场，一旦股市开始出 ...

固定收益 | 固定收益定期 交易盘抛压已明显缓解 证券研究报告 机构行为跟踪周报 20250824 债市活力指数回落 截至 8 月 22 日，债市活力指数较 8 月 15 日回落 12pcts 至 17%，5D-MA 回落 4pcts 至 23%。 3）配置盘：理财二级市场拉久期，农商行保险部署超长债 其中，债市活力升温指标包括：中长期纯债基久期中位数（滚动两年分位 数由 98.3%升至 99.7%）、银行间债市杠杆率较过去 4 年同期均值的超额水平 （滚动两年分位数由 24%升至 26%）、十年期国开债隐含税率（反向）（滚动 两年分位数由 4%升至 8%）。债市活力降温指标包括：10Y 国开债活跃券成 交额/9-10Y 国开债余额（滚动两年分位数由 86%降至 38%）、30Y 国债换手 率（滚动两年分位数由 55%降至 44%）。 机构买卖行为跟踪：交易盘主力卖出，配置盘承接力度减弱 1）买卖力度与券种选择：后半周基金抛压明显缓解，农商行转为卖出 整体来看，本周现券市场净买入力度排序为：大行>保险>其他产品类>理 财>境外机构及其他>农村金融机构，净卖出力度排序为基金>城商行＞券 商>货基>股份行。 券种 ...

固定收益 | 固定收益专题 利率专题 证券研究报告 2025 年 08 月 24 日 险资配债的逻辑与新趋势 险资投资情况概览：走弱的保费收入增速，走强的股债投资力度 去年下半年"炒停售"热潮褪去后，寿险产品保费收入增速明显走弱，拖 累行业整体表现。保险资金整体投资力度却呈现了逆势大幅走强。从大类 资产配置的角度看，债券和股票是险资投资的主要发力点。参考海外经验 来说，我们认为财产险公司的权益投资占比后续还有很大的继续提升空间。 险资配债需要考虑什么：在增厚收益与平滑波动中选择最优解 保险资金在中国债券市场中占比约为 9.32%。券种分布上，地方债目前在保 险持仓结构中占比已快速增长至达 47%。在二级现券市场上，超长期地方 政府债自 24 年 11 月以来，在保险净买入规模中整体占比 50%以上。 考虑因素一：增厚收益，结合税收成本与资本占用成本的综合考量 1）在税收成本方面，即使 8 月 8 日之后新代码债券的利息收入需要征收增 值税，政府债的税收收益依然明显领先于其他券种。 2）在资本占用成本方面，"偿二代"二期监管体系即将于 2026 年起全面实 施，险企尤其是中小型险企的偿付能力充足率承压。展望后续 ...

证券研究报告 债券研究 [Table_ReportType] 专题报告 | ] [Table_A 李一爽 uthor固定收益首席分析师 | | --- | | 执业编号：S1500520050002 | | 联系电话：+86 18817583889 | | 邮 箱： liyishuang@cindasc.com | 朱金保 固定收益分析师 执业编号：S1500524080002 联系电话：+86 15850662789 联系电话：+86 15850662789 邮 箱： zhujinbao@cindasc.com 流动性收紧叠加情绪冲击 信用利差全面走高 —— 信用利差周度跟踪 20250823 [[Table_R Table_Report eportTTime ime]] 2025 年 8 月 23 日 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 1 歌声ue 信达证券股份有限公司 CINDA SECURITIES CO.,LTD 北京市西城区宣武门西大街甲 127 号金隅 大厦B 座 邮编：100031 3流动性收紧叠加情绪冲击 信用利差全面走高 [Table_Repo ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. Group 2: Core Views of the Report - The logic of "buying on every dip" in the bond market still holds as the logic supporting the long - term bull market in the bond market remains intact. The future outlook is long - term bullish but short - term bottom - grinding [1][2][20]. - The core cause of the four rounds of redemption tides since September 24, 2024, is the unexpected rise in the equity market. The consensus of a slow - bull market in equities is strengthening, leading to more frequent bond market adjustments and redemption tides [1][8]. - The redemption risk index rose to 62 on August 18, indicating the risk of a redemption tide. Although the fund selling sentiment was strong in July, the active purchase by rural commercial banks and insurance companies effectively alleviated market pressure. It is expected that the scale of wealth management products will not be significantly negatively affected this time. If the 10Y Treasury yield touches 1.8% due to unexpected performance in the equity market, core buyers such as banks and insurance companies may enter the market, and investors can consider right - side allocation at this point [1][9][14]. Group 3: Summary by Directory 1. August Redemption Tide Returns - On August 18, the A - share market value exceeded 100 trillion yuan, and the Shanghai Composite Index reached a new high in nearly a decade, triggering a bond market adjustment and bond fund redemptions. The core cause of the four rounds of redemption tides since September 24, 2024, is the unexpected rise in the equity market [8]. - A comprehensive redemption risk index was constructed. On August 18, the index rose to 62, mainly affected by bond fund redemptions, equity market rises, high - valuation transactions of Tier 2 and perpetual bonds, and tightened liquidity [9]. 2. When Will the Redemption Tide Market Reach the Right Side? - In terms of time, the median duration of historical redemption tides is 6 - 7 trading days. Although the market slightly recovered on August 19, the redemption risk index has been triggered, and the redemption disturbance may last for 4 - 5 days [14]. - In terms of adjustment range, the 10Y Treasury yield rose 4bp on August 18 and fell 1bp on August 19, currently reaching about half of the adjustment range of small - scale redemption tides since 2023. The 1.8% level of the 10Y Treasury yield is a key observation point [14]. - The main sellers are funds and securities firms. On August 19, funds net - sold 126.6 billion yuan of bonds. In July, rural commercial banks and insurance companies actively bought bonds, and currently, wealth management products are still net buyers [14]. - The core factors for the end of the redemption tide include equity market adjustments and weakening of the stock - bond seesaw effect, central bank liquidity support, and self - repair of the market after reaching a certain adjustment level [15][16]. 3. Is the Logic of "Buying on Every Dip" Subverted? - The long - term bull market in the bond market is supported by factors such as weak economic recovery, declining income and employment expectations, long - term asset shortage, real estate bubble burst, fiscal tightening of general urban investment, moderately loose monetary policy, and difficulties in bank credit issuance [2][21]. - From the perspective of credit and bank fund flow, the high correlation between social financing credit and the bond market remains. Weak financing demand in general urban investment and real estate leads to weak credit growth, causing bank funds to flow into the bond market, making it difficult for the bond bull market to reverse. In July, the new credit in the social financing scale was - 426.3 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 345.5 billion yuan [2][22]. - From a technical perspective, the long - term interest rate is currently in a relatively right - side position, with good odds and relatively high winning probabilities. However, the liquidity of credit products is relatively weak, and a clearer right - side opportunity is still awaited. It is recommended to enter the market on the right side of this adjustment, take profits moderately, and maintain a defensive position [2][26].

Group 1 - The overall credit bond yields have followed the adjustment of interest rate bonds, with credit spreads showing mixed changes. Specifically, the decline in the 3-5 year high-grade perpetual bonds was the most significant, reaching 6-11 basis points, while the longer-term bonds also experienced notable declines [1][11] - City investment bonds saw a greater decline compared to medium-short bonds, with the 7-year ultra-long city investment bonds experiencing the largest drop of around 8 basis points [1][11] - The credit spread for medium-short bonds, especially those with maturities of 4 years and above, was generally weaker than that of the same maturity national development bonds, leading to a passive narrowing of credit spreads during the week [1][11] Group 2 - Since July, the trading volume of public credit bonds has been continuously shrinking, and the duration has also decreased from its high levels. The long-term credit bonds (over 5 years) have shown relative resilience due to buying from insurance and wealth management products, while the buying power from funds has decreased significantly [2][16] - The valuation of ETF constituent bonds has generally followed the market adjustment, but the decline in valuation for constituent bonds was structurally lower than that of non-constituent bonds of similar maturity [3][24] - The long-end constituent bonds, especially ultra-long bonds, were more resilient during the week, with most individual bonds experiencing smaller valuation declines compared to non-constituent bonds [3][44] Group 3 - Since May, the trading duration of perpetual bonds has been continuously extended, with both the trading volume and proportion of bonds with maturities over 5 years reaching year-to-date highs. This indicates a shift from trading to allocation among major participating institutions [4][46] - The supply of perpetual bonds, including TLAC bonds, has significantly increased during this period, and the buying power from public funds has been higher than selling power, particularly for long-end perpetual bonds [4][47] Group 4 - As of August 15, 2025, some AA and AA(2) credit bonds with maturities within 2 years have seen yields drop to over 1.9%, indicating the value of short-term bonds. These bonds also possess defensive attributes amid market volatility, as the bond market will continue to be influenced by equity market fluctuations [5][60] - The 3-4 year perpetual bonds have emerged as a cost-effective option, with their yield curve steepening and current valuations being higher than those of similarly rated medium-short bonds and city investment bonds, offering better trading value and liquidity [5][60]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report - Credit bonds adjusted following interest rates, with medium - to long - term high - grade bonds having a larger upward amplitude. Credit spreads mostly declined, with medium - to long - end low - grade varieties having a larger compression amplitude [2][5]. - Urban investment bond spreads had limited changes, with spreads of external rating AAA and AA+ platforms generally up 1BP compared to last week, and AA - rated platforms remaining flat [2][9]. - Industrial bond spreads slightly declined overall, and the spreads of mixed - ownership real estate bonds significantly decreased. Central and state - owned enterprise real estate bond spreads remained flat, while mixed - ownership real estate bond spreads dropped 15BP and private real estate bond spreads rose 7BP [2][17]. - Perpetual and secondary capital (Two - Yong) bonds performed weakly with rising spreads, and the yields of 3 - 5 - year high - grade varieties significantly increased [2][29]. - The excess spreads of industrial perpetual bonds increased, while those of urban investment perpetual bonds narrowed [2][31]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog 3.1 Credit Bonds Adjusted Following Interest Rates, with Medium - to Long - Term High - Grade Bonds Having a Larger Upward Amplitude - Affected by the rising equity market and policies such as discount interest and state - owned enterprise purchases, interest - rate bonds weakened significantly this week. The yields of 1Y, 3Y, 5Y, 7Y, and 10Y China Development Bank bonds increased by 3BP, 4BP, 8BP, 7BP, and 8BP respectively [5]. - Credit bond yields also increased, with medium - to long - term high - grade varieties having a larger upward amplitude. For example, the yield of 1Y AAA - rated credit bonds increased by 2BP, and the yields of other grades increased by 3BP [5]. - Credit spreads mostly declined, with medium - to long - end low - grade varieties having a larger compression amplitude. Rating spreads and term spreads showed differentiation [5]. 3.2 Urban Investment Bond Spreads Had Narrow Fluctuations - The spreads of external rating AAA and AA+ urban investment platforms generally increased by 1BP compared to last week, and AA - rated platforms remained flat. Most platform spreads changed within 1BP [9]. - By administrative level, the credit spreads of provincial and municipal platforms generally remained flat, while the credit spreads of district - county platforms increased by 1BP [14]. 3.3 Industrial Bond Spreads Slightly Declined, and the Spreads of Mixed - Ownership Real Estate Bonds Significantly Decreased - Industrial bond spreads slightly declined overall. Central and state - owned enterprise real estate bond spreads remained flat, mixed - ownership real estate bond spreads dropped 15BP due to events such as state - owned enterprise purchases, and private real estate bond spreads rose 7BP [17]. - The spreads of AAA and AA+ coal bonds decreased by 1BP respectively, and the spreads of AA - rated coal bonds remained flat. The spreads of AAA - rated steel bonds remained flat, and the spreads of AA+ - rated steel bonds decreased by 1BP. The spreads of all grades of chemical bonds decreased by 1BP [17]. 3.4 Two - Yong Bonds Performed Weakly with Rising Spreads, and the Yields of 3 - 5 - Year High - Grade Varieties Significantly Increased - This week, Two - Yong bonds performed weakly with rising spreads, and overall they performed worse than ordinary credit bond varieties. The yields of 3 - 5 - year high - grade varieties significantly increased [29]. - For 1Y bonds, the yields of all grades of secondary capital bonds increased by 2 - 3BP, and the spreads compressed by 0 - 1BP; the yields of all grades of perpetual bonds increased by 4BP, and the spreads increased by 1BP [29]. 3.5 The Excess Spreads of Industrial Perpetual Bonds Increased, and the Excess Spreads of Urban Investment Perpetual Bonds Narrowed - This week, the excess spreads of industrial AAA - rated 3Y perpetual bonds increased by 2.76BP to 10.17BP, at the 15.70% quantile since 2015. The excess spreads of industrial AAA - rated 5Y perpetual bonds increased by 0.01BP to 11.83BP, at the 23.40% quantile since 2015 [31]. - The excess spreads of urban investment AAA 3Y perpetual bonds decreased by 1.82BP to 3.34BP, at the 0.29% quantile; the excess spreads of urban investment AAA 5Y perpetual bonds decreased by 3.40BP to 7.51BP, at the 3.67% quantile [31]. 3.6 Credit Spread Database Compilation Instructions - The overall market credit spreads, commercial bank Two - Yong spreads, and urban investment/industrial perpetual bond credit spreads are calculated based on ChinaBond medium - and short - term bill and ChinaBond perpetual bond data. The historical quantiles are since the beginning of 2015 [38]. - The credit spreads of industrial and urban investment individual bonds are calculated by subtracting the yield to maturity of the same - term China Development Bank bonds (calculated by linear interpolation) from the ChinaBond valuation (exercise) of individual bonds, and then the industry or regional urban investment credit spreads are obtained by the arithmetic average method [38].

Group 1 - The credit bond market continues to show a recovery trend, with short to medium-term bonds outperforming long-term bonds, as evidenced by a narrowing of credit spreads, particularly in 1-year and 3-year AA-rated bonds [1][4] - The overall credit spread for 1-year bonds narrowed by approximately 3-4 basis points, while 5-year and longer bonds saw a reduction of 1-2 basis points [1][9] - Specific sectors such as urban investment bonds and financial bonds experienced significant spread compression, with 1-year AA-rated urban investment bonds showing a notable decrease of 4 basis points [1][9] Group 2 - The overall turnover rate in the credit bond market decreased from 2.34% to 1.99%, indicating a decline in market trading activity [2] - The weighted average transaction duration for all credit bonds fell from 3.4 years to 3.1 years, with urban investment bonds maintaining an average duration of around 3.0 years [2][10] - The proportion of TKN (traded notional) in various credit bond categories generally increased, reflecting a shift in market dynamics [2][10] Group 3 - Investment funds were the primary contributors to the increased allocation in credit bonds, particularly focusing on bonds with maturities of 3 years or less [3] - Insurance funds shifted from net buying to net selling in ultra-long-term secondary capital bonds, indicating a change in investment strategy [3] - The net buying scale of credit bonds by wealth management products decreased, despite a sustained increase in allocation over the past three weeks [3] Group 4 - There is a potential for further spread compression in long-term credit bonds, suggesting that investors should consider opportunities in 3-5 year non-financial credit bonds [4] - The cancellation of the value-added tax exemption on interest income from government and financial bonds has improved the relative attractiveness of non-financial credit bonds [4] - Trading accounts are advised to focus on liquid short to medium-term urban investment bonds or major bank perpetual bonds for better trading opportunities [4]