尽管沃什最近主张降低利率，但他在资产负债表问题上更偏鹰派。不过德银认为"降息与缩表并行"实施前提是监管改革降低银行的储备金需求，短期内 可行性存疑。市场需要密切关注新任主席能否在特朗普要求大幅降息的压力下保持独立性，以及其政策信誉的建立过程。 哈塞特势头不稳，特朗普亲信推举沃什当美联储主席。德银分析沃什若当选美联储主席，其政策主张可能呈现"降息与缩表并行"的独特组合。 华尔街见闻提及，当地时间周一，据媒体援引知情人士透露，曾被市场视为几乎板上钉钉的美联储主席候选人凯文·哈塞特（Kevin Hassett），正遭遇 特朗普亲信的阻力。 外界担忧这位国家经济委员会主任与特朗普的关系过于密切。上周五特朗普称，前美联储理事凯文·沃什（Kevin Warsh）已与凯文·哈塞特并列，成为 美联储主席候选名单中的领先人选。他表示： 我认为这两位凯文都很棒。 特朗普的上述表态导致预测市场Kalshi上哈塞特的胜算大幅下滑。尽管仍是最被看好的候选人，胜率为51%，但已明显低于本月早些时候超过80%的高 点。沃什目前的胜率为44%，而12月初时仅约11%。 12月15日，德意志银行的Matthew Luzzetti团队发表研报， ...

近日，特朗普或已亲信推举沃什当美联储主席。如果明年凯文·沃什接掌美联储，市场可能会看到几十年来美联储最显著的政策转向之一。 今年早些时候，在一场与胡佛研究所主持人彼得·罗宾逊（Peter Robinson）的对谈中，沃什毫不避讳地指出了当前美联储体系的沉疴，并抛出了一个论 断："通胀是一种选择（Inflation is a choice）。" 他驳斥了将通胀归咎于供应链或地缘政治的借口，坚持认为央行完全有能力决定价格水平，现在的局 面正是美联储错误选择的结果。 沃什的核心论点建立在对"自满"的批判之上。他指出，美联储在"大稳健"时期（Great Moderation）之后误以为通胀已死，从而在非危机时期维持了过于 庞大的资产负债表。引用沃什的原话："当你不断地这里印一万亿，那里印一万亿，这早晚会找上门来。" 他认为，美联储在2010年至2020年的平稳期 没有及时撤出，导致当真正的危机（如疫情）来临时，不得不跨越更多红线，造成了今天的通胀恶果。 作为潜在的美联储主席继任者，沃什不仅是批评者，更是改革者。他提出了具体的政策路径："如果我们在印钞机上安静一点，我们的利率其实可以更 低。" 这是一个非常关键的增量信 ...

美联储新推出的储备管理购买（RMPs）计划，配合美国财政部的债券发行策略调整，正在产生类似量化宽松（QE） 的市场效应。 美联储的储备管理购买计划在技术层面并非直接的量化宽松，因为央行并未直接从市场移除久期供给。但该计划通过 购买短期国库券，为财政部调整发行结构创造了空间。 该行认为，这里的关键变量在于美国财政部。美联储的入场购买短债，使得财政部可以顺势增加短债发行，同时减少 净中长期债券的供应。 因为美联储实际上吸纳了新增的短债供给，这使得作为美债市场"私营部门持有比例"的短债份额保持不变 甚至略有下降。 美银指出，美联储的RMP为财政部提供了弹药，使其能够通过发行管理来制造"QE效应"。据研报，为了具体化这一 影响，美银对2026日历年（CY26） 的资金流向进行了详细测算，数字非常惊人： 美联储买盘：预计美联储全年的短债购买总额将达到5600亿美元，包括3800亿美元来自RMP操作；1800亿 美元来自MBS（抵押贷款支持证券）的本金再投资。 12月15日，据追风交易台消息，美银在最新研报中称，如果是单独的RMP，那并不等同于QE；但如果将美联储的购 买行动与美国财政部的发债策略结合来看，这就是一套标准 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve announced the initiation of the Reserve Management Purchases (RMP) tool starting December 12, with a plan to purchase $40 billion of short-term Treasury securities in the first month, maintaining a high level of purchases in subsequent months. This RMP is expected to inject approximately $150 billion in reserves into the market, lasting until Q2 2026, primarily focusing on ultra-short-term Treasury securities [2][5][25]. Group 1: Actions by the Federal Reserve - The RMP is a significant highlight of the December FOMC meeting, aimed at maintaining adequate reserve levels and addressing seasonal fluctuations in the Treasury General Account (TGA) [5][6]. - The RMP will primarily purchase short-term Treasury securities, with 75% of purchases targeting securities with maturities of 1-4 months [25][26]. - The RMP is expected to last at least until Q2 2026, with a target reserve balance of around $3 trillion, requiring an injection of approximately $150 billion in reserves [6][28]. Group 2: Economic Implications of RMP - The RMP is expected to improve short-term liquidity, benefiting the stock market by facilitating "loose trading" conditions. However, it is not equivalent to quantitative easing (QE) and may have limited effects on long-term interest rates and financing costs for the real economy [7][35]. - The RMP's operational scale is designed to counteract seasonal liquidity pressures, particularly during tax payment periods, which can tighten market liquidity [6][29]. Group 3: Current Liquidity Conditions - The current reserve levels are slightly below the reasonable range, with the reserve balance to nominal GDP ratio at 9.5% and the reserve balance to total bank assets ratio at 11.8% [8][45]. - Maintaining adequate reserve levels is crucial for the effective implementation of the Federal Reserve's "floor system" monetary policy framework, which relies on sufficient reserves to control market interest rates [9][51]. - The liquidity conditions are tighter than desired, but the situation is better than during the previous QT phase, reducing the risk of a liquidity crisis [41][60].

12月11日，美联储降息尘埃落地，美联储FOMC会议公布降息25bp至3.5%-3.75%的利率水平，并发布新一期联储官员预测和利率点阵图，点阵图指引2026年 降息幅度仍然维持25bp。 此次会议，除了降息外，更引人关注的是美联储扩表的消息，本次会议宣布开始扩表，增加短债的购买，根据纽约联储的披露，本月的购买计划为约400亿 美元。本次的扩表为技术性扩表RMP（Reserve Management Purchases），鲍威尔强调，本次扩表的唯一目的是在较长时间内维持充足的储备金供应，以缓 解货币市场压力，不代表货币政策倾向的变化。 2022年6月1日至今，美联储缩表已持续了大约3年半的时间，此次重启扩表与以往有何不同，年关将至，扩表又将如何影响资本市场，投资者们又该如何安 排2026年的投资布局呢？ 技术性扩表，力度有限 "扩表"（资产负债表扩张）是中央银行（如美联储、中国人民银行）通过购买金融资产向经济体系注入流动性的货币政策操作，通常通过量化宽松 QE 实 施。简单来说，就是央行"印钱"买资产，让市场上钱变多。2008年金融危机以来，美联储共实施了四轮大规模的扩表。 2008年11月至2010年3月的 ...

Group 1: Federal Reserve Actions - The Federal Reserve announced the restart of the Reserve Management Purchases (RMP) tool, starting December 12, with an initial plan to purchase $40 billion in short-term Treasury securities in the first month[2] - The RMP is expected to inject approximately $150 billion in reserves into the market, continuing until Q2 2026[4] - The purchase structure will focus on ultra-short-term Treasury securities, with 75% of purchases planned for maturities of 1-4 months[4] Group 2: Economic Implications - The RMP aims to improve short-term liquidity, benefiting the U.S. stock market's "loose trading" environment[5] - However, RMP is not equivalent to quantitative easing (QE) and is expected to have limited effects on long-term interest rates and the cost of financing for the real economy[5] - The RMP's operational scale may need to be adjusted based on seasonal fluctuations in the Treasury General Account (TGA) and overall liquidity demands[4] Group 3: Current Liquidity Conditions - The current reserve levels are slightly below the reasonable range, with reserves to nominal GDP ratio at 9.5% and reserves to total bank assets at 11.8%[7] - The reasonable reserve balance is estimated to be around $3 trillion, indicating a need for the RMP to maintain adequate liquidity levels[22] - Compared to the end of QT-1, the current reserve levels are more ample, as they were 6.4% and 7.9% respectively at that time[7] Group 4: Market Indicators - The effective federal funds rate (EFFR) and the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) have shown signs of liquidity tightening, with SOFR recently exceeding the interest on excess reserves (IOER) for consecutive weeks[8] - The EFFR-IOER spread has been narrowing, indicating a potential liquidity shortage in the banking system, although the situation is better than in 2019[9]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve's decision to lower the federal funds rate by 25 basis points aligns with market expectations, but there are notable internal divisions among voting members regarding future monetary policy directions [1] - Among the 12 voting members, 9, including Chairman Powell, supported the 25 basis point cut, while one member proposed a more aggressive 50 basis point cut, and two members opposed any rate cut at this stage [1] - There is significant disagreement among Federal Reserve officials regarding the interest rate path for 2025, indicating future policy uncertainty [1] Group 2 - The upcoming initiation of a bond purchasing program by the Federal Reserve signals a strong easing stance, commonly referred to as quantitative easing (QE), which directly injects liquidity into the financial market [2][4] - The Federal Reserve plans to purchase $40 billion in short-term U.S. Treasury securities starting December 12, which will provide liquidity to the market [5] - Unlike ordinary market participants, the Federal Reserve injects "new money" into the system when purchasing financial assets, which can significantly amplify the money supply through the money multiplier effect [7][9] Group 3 - Historical data shows that the last round of quantitative easing, which began in March 2020 and ended in early 2022, led to substantial increases in stock indices, with the Dow Jones rising 58% and the Nasdaq increasing by 85% during that period [9] - The previous round of QE was followed by a period of high inflation, with monthly CPI growth exceeding 9%, highlighting the potential inflationary risks associated with such monetary policies [11] - The Federal Reserve's current decision to purchase $40 billion in Treasury securities is seen as a response to a less optimistic economic outlook, with GDP growth projected at 1.7% for the year [12][13] Group 4 - The influence of former President Trump on the Federal Reserve's decisions is notable, as he has indicated intentions to nominate a loyalist to replace Chairman Powell, which could lead to more aggressive easing measures in the future [14]

记者丨金珊 吴斌 编辑丨黎雨桐 12月11日，美股三大股指开盘涨跌不一，截至北京时间23:34，道指涨0.94%，标普500跌0.18%，纳指跌 0.72%。 大型科技股跌多涨少，其中，甲骨文一度跌至16%，市值蒸发约1020亿美元（约合人民币7200亿元）， 截至发稿跌幅收窄至13%。消息面上，甲骨文第二财季业绩显示，公司营收、云业务收入均不及市场预 期。此外，英伟达、AMD跌超3%，英特尔跌超2%，特斯拉、苹果、谷歌跌超1%。 | ( ) | 甲骨文(ORACLE) | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | ORCL.N | | | | | 193.480 | 量 3311.5万 股本 28.51亿 市盈 35.8 | | | 万得 | | -29.530 -13.24% | 换 1.16% 市值 5516亿 市净 18.11 | | | 盘口 | | 盘中、五日 | 目K 周K 月K | | 車客 | (0) | | 叠加 | 均价:190.959 | | | | | 258.700 | | | 16.00% 卖一 193.500 | 90 | | | | ...

以下文章来源于财经连环话 ，作者就是轱辘慧 虽然结果是毫无悬念的"降息25个基点" （利率降到了3.50%-3.75%），但在轱辘慧看来，这背后简直就是一场 "年度宫斗大戏"！ 表面上：平平无奇"三连降"，全年KPI完成（共降75个基点）。 实际上：内部吵翻天，但鲍师傅最后还是给咱们发了个"超级流动性大红包"！ 来，跟着慧慧，咱们剥开那些枯燥的金融术语，看看这场大戏到底有多精彩。 01 活久见！会议室里上演"三国杀" 这次最劲爆的瓜，不是降息本身，而是 居然有三个人投了反对票。 家人们，这是自2019年以来头一回啊。美联储内部的裂痕已经藏不住了，简直是"神仙打架"： 财经连环话 . 一图看懂财经万象。 北京时间周四凌晨3点，大洋彼岸的那帮大佬们终于把2025年的最后一场大戏演完了。 激进派（踩油门）： 理事米兰（Milan）拍桌子嫌慢："才降25？我们要保就业！直接降50个基点啊！" 保守派（踩刹车）： 芝加哥的古尔斯比（Goolsbee）和堪萨斯城的施密德（Schmid）死死拉住手刹："停停停！通胀还没完呢，这次别降了！" 鲍威尔（端水大师）： 夹在中间瑟瑟发抖，既要哄这一头，又要劝那一头…… 这种"有人嫌 ...

Core Insights - The jobless claims data showed a significant increase to 236,000, indicating a mixed labor market situation, but averaging the last two weeks suggests stability at around 213,000 [2][4][5] - The Federal Reserve's recent actions, including a $40 billion Treasury buying program, are seen as positive for the market, contributing to lower yields and a weaker US dollar [9][10] - The overall labor market is characterized as "no higher, no fire," indicating a lack of significant layoffs or new job creation, suggesting a period of uncertainty [6][7] Labor Market Analysis - Jobless claims rose to 236,000, higher than the previous week's 191,000, but the four-week average is at 216,750, indicating a relatively strong labor market [2][4] - Continuing claims decreased by 100,000, reflecting a positive trend, although this data is two weeks old and may revert in the next report [5][7] - The unemployment rate currently stands at 4.4%, with the labor market showing signs of stabilization post-pandemic [5][6] Federal Reserve Actions - The Fed's decision to purchase $40 billion in short-term securities is viewed as a supportive measure for the economy, with potential tapering in the future [9] - The market reacted positively to the Fed's announcements, with lower yields and a decrease in the US dollar value observed [9][10] Market Reactions - The market exhibited some jitters due to Oracle's disappointing earnings and the previous day's trading movements [3][10] - Despite pre-market declines, the overall macroeconomic indicators suggest a favorable setup for the end of the year, with lower crude oil prices and a stabilizing VIX [10]