华西证券指出，如果将2025年的财政与货币政策节奏线性外推，债市内部或难形成明确的共识方向，市 场对通胀回升的担忧和"严监管"的推进，2026年债市可能延续25年偏弱的震荡格局，这也是当前市场较 为一致的预期。然而，一致性预期总是容易被打破。2026年可能变化的方向：一是宽财政向稳财政的转 变，如果经济增速目标下降，对应的财政赤字率也可能同步回落，由此对债券市场来说，政府债的供给 压力减轻；二是稳货币能否过渡为宽货币，进而推动债市表现超出预期。货币政策主动发力，可能需要 一些自下而上的风险事件发酵，如果没有外部因素的刺激，货币政策可能还是以稳为主。2026全年债市 行情的关键，是等待货币政策的实质性变化。从节奏上看，或是"前慢后快"，一季度（或春节前）蛰 伏，等待货币政策的变化，及消化潜在的通胀担忧，二、三季度出击，进而容易形成全年低点。 (本文来自第一财经) ...

国债期货日报 | 2025-12-11 债市触底修复，国债期货全线收涨 市场分析 宏观面：（1）宏观政策：10月27日，央行时隔近十个月宣布重启公开市场国债买卖操作，向市场释放了明确的稳 预期信号；10月30日，中美经贸团队达成三方面成果共识，一是中方将与美方妥善解决TikTok相关问题；二是美 方将暂停实施其对华海事、物流和造船业301调查措施一年，同时将暂停实施其9月29日公布的出口管制50%穿透性 规则一年；三是美方取消10%"芬太尼关税"，对中国商品24%对等关税将继续暂停一年。国务院关税税则委员会宣 布在一年内继续暂停实施24%的对美加征关税税率，保留10%的对美加征关税税率；12月8日政治局会议明确实施 更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，释放宽货币信号。（2）通胀:11月CPI同比上升0.7%。 资金面：（3）财政：2025 年 1–10 月财政运行呈现"收入温和修复、支出节奏回落、基金收缩与专项债放缓并存" 的特征。一般公共预算收入同比增长 0.8%，税收连续八个月改善，增值税、个税和企业所得税均保持修复态势， 但非税收入拖累整体增速，收入完成进度略低于往年均值；一般公共预算支出同比仅增 ...

2025年，财政挑起稳增长的大梁，"加力"与"提速"成为关键词。总量上大幅加力，广义赤字水平较2024年同比提升2.9万亿元，刷新2021年以来的同比之 最；节奏上也明显提速，国债与地方债发行双双前置；财政的加力与提速。 2026年"宽财政"主线，大概率不变，赤字率可能会随经济目标调整而小幅下降，但特别国债与新增专项债规模或继续稳中带升，综合来看，2026年广义赤 字规模或将落在15.1-15.9万亿元区间，绝对规模较为可观，不过从同比变化视角来看，宽财政对于26年经济增幅的贡献或明显收敛，更多是以稳为主。节 奏上，财政或在一、二季度等经济高基数期着重发力，维持财政前置的趋势。 来源：郁言债市 2025，跌宕起伏 不同于2023-2024年的一帆风顺，2025年的债市可谓是极具挑战。长端利率的下行趋势早在年初便被打断，之后种种事件接力成为债市定价主线，多空双 方频繁上演"你方唱罢我登台"的戏码，激烈博弈之间，利率走势大起大落。 2025年同样是债市投资的变革之年，利率行情从"牛长熊短"切换至"牛短熊长"，获取收益的难度呈指数级上升。一方面，上一年末的抢跑行情，透支了来 年的收益空间；另一方面，传统的定价框架遭 ...

证券研究报告|宏观研究报告 [Table_Date] 2025 年 12 月 10 日 [Table_Title] 2026 债市，或比预期好一点 [Table_Title2] 2026 年投资展望系列之四 [Table_Summary] ► 2025，跌宕起伏 不同于 2023-2024 年的一帆风顺，2025 年的债市可谓是极具挑战。 长端利率的下行趋势早在年初便被打断，之后种种事件接力成为债市定价 主线，多空双方频繁上演"你方唱罢我登台"的戏码，激烈博弈之间，利 率走势大起大落。 2025 年同样是债市投资的变革之年，利率行情从"牛长熊短"切换 至"牛短熊长"，获取收益的难度呈指数级上升。一方面，上一年末的抢 跑行情，透支了来年的收益空间；另一方面，传统的定价框架遭遇挑战， 货币政策对"弱现实"不再敏感，风险资产沉寂多年之后觉醒，成为影响 利率定价的关键变量。 这些变化的背后，宽财政、稳货币、强风偏、严监管、弱现实，成为 关键词。宽财政和稳货币，奠定了债市震荡的格局；强风偏和严监管，营 造了牛短熊长的氛围；弱现实，成为被市场忽视的变量。这些变量在 2026 是否会延续，未来的行情又会如何演绎？ 请仔细阅 ...

国债期货日报 | 2025-12-10 债市情绪转暖，国债期货全线收涨 市场分析 宏观面：（1）宏观政策：10月27日，央行时隔近十个月宣布重启公开市场国债买卖操作，向市场释放了明确的稳 预期信号;10月30日，中美经贸团队达成三方面成果共识，一是中方将与美方妥善解决TikTok相关问题;二是美方将 暂停实施其对华海事、物流和造船业301调查措施一年，同时将暂停实施其9月29日公布的出口管制50%穿透性规则 一年;三是美方取消10%"芬太尼关税"，对中国商品24%对等关税将继续暂停一年。国务院关税税则委员会宣布在一 年内继续暂停实施24%的对美加征关税税率，保留10%的对美加征关税税率；12月8日政治局会议明确实施更加积 极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，释放宽货币信号。（2）通胀:10月CPI同比上升0.2%。 资金面：（3）财政：2025 年 1–10 月财政运行呈现"收入温和修复、支出节奏回落、基金收缩与专项债放缓并存" 的特征。一般公共预算收入同比增长 0.8%，税收连续八个月改善，增值税、个税和企业所得税均保持修复态势， 但非税收入拖累整体增速，收入完成进度略低于往年均值；一般公共预算支出同比仅增 ...

市场分析 宏观面：（1）宏观政策：10月27日，央行时隔近十个月宣布重启公开市场国债买卖操作，向市场释放了明确的稳 预期信号;10月30日，中美经贸团队达成三方面成果共识，一是中方将与美方妥善解决TikTok相关问题;二是美方将 暂停实施其对华海事、物流和造船业301调查措施一年，同时将暂停实施其9月29日公布的出口管制50%穿透性规则 一年;三是美方取消10%"芬太尼关税"，对中国商品24%对等关税将继续暂停一年。国务院关税税则委员会宣布在一 年内继续暂停实施24%的对美加征关税税率，保留10%的对美加征关税税率；12月8日政治局会议明确实施更加积 极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，释放宽货币信号。（2）通胀:10月CPI同比上升0.2%。 国债期货日报 | 2025-12-09 政治局会议明基调，国债期货涨跌分化 资金面：（3）财政：2025 年 1–10 月财政运行呈现"收入温和修复、支出节奏回落、基金收缩与专项债放缓并存" 的特征。一般公共预算收入同比增长 0.8%，税收连续八个月改善，增值税、个税和企业所得税均保持修复态势， 但非税收入拖累整体增速，收入完成进度略低于往年均值；一般公共预算支出同比仅 ...

银行二永债继续跑输普信债。12月1-5日，银行二永债收益率全线上行，信用利差也普遍走扩，中长端表现更弱，4年、10年二永债利差走扩4-9bp。与中 短票相比，银行二永债表现落后，相对利差多走扩，其中3-4年和10年二级资本债、3-4年AA及以上永续债和4-5年AA-永续债调整幅度更大，相对利差走 扩4-8bp。 二永债具有"利率波动放大器"属性，在利率债还没有明确方向，且基金销售费用新规尚未落地的背景下，估值波动风险仍然较大，交易盘依然建议谨慎参 与。不过，随着中长久期二永债收益率攀升至年内高点附近，性价比凸显，部分负债端稳定、追求绝对收益的账户依然可以考虑布局，持有体验要好于普 信债。假设持有3个月，收益率曲线不变的情形下，3-5年大行二永债的持有期收益率要高于普信债，尤其是3年品种，持有收益率要高10bp左右。即使后 续估值继续调整，3年大行二永债也能够承受20bp左右的利率上行风险。 来源：郁言债市 12月1-5日，资金面平稳，但央行买债不及预期，市场对进一步"宽货币"预期有所弱化，债市继续调整。信用债收益率上行，利差表现分化，高等级城投 债1年、10年表现偏弱，利差走扩3-5bp，30年利差被动收窄8 ...

文字早评 2025/12/09 星期二 宏观金融类 期指基差比例： IF 当月/下月/当季/隔季：-0.18%/-0.53%/-0.99%/-2.01%； IC 当月/下月/当季/隔季：-0.40%/-1.14%/-2.78%/-5.77%； IM 当月/下月/当季/隔季：-0.57%/-1.61%/-3.73%/-7.04%； IH 当月/下月/当季/隔季：-0.14%/-0.33%/-0.44%/-0.94%。 【策略观点】 年底部分资金兑现收益，市场面临一定的不确定性。但从大方向看，政策支持资本市场的态度未变，短 期重点关注 12 月份的中央政治局会议及中央经济工作会议，中长期仍是逢低做多的思路为主。 国债 股指 【行情资讯】 1、中共中央政治局召开会议 分析研究 2026 年经济工作； 2、征求对经济工作的意见和建议 中共中央召开党外人士座谈会 习近平主持并发表重要讲话 李强 通报有关情况 蔡奇丁薛祥出席； 3、乘联分会：11 月全国乘用车市场零售 224.4 万辆 同比下降 8.5%； 4、美国银行预测大宗商品将成为 2026 年最佳投资选择，因减税和降息政策将激发新一轮经济增长，大 宗商品有望表现 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, the traditional "stock-bond seesaw" effect failed again, with both the stock and bond markets rising and falling together. Long-term interest rates fluctuated sharply between the "reality of loose money" and the "frustration of strong expectations," and the oversold of ultra-long-duration assets reflected the crowding of market funds and the fragility of market sentiment [3][91]. - In the last four trading weeks of the year, the fact that the "sales new rules" have not fully "landed" remains the main market concern, but the approaching important meetings have restored the "loose money" expectation. The focus of market gaming may still be the emotional fluctuations caused by marginal policy changes [3][92]. - The report maintains the judgment of a recovery market in December but expects the downward space of interest rates to be relatively limited. It is recommended to adopt a left-side layout configuration rhythm, prioritize switching positions to medium - and short - term treasury bonds and policy financial bonds, and pay attention to trading opportunities of secondary perpetual bonds of the same term. As the meeting window approaches, gradually increase the offensive nature of the portfolio, control the overall duration center of the portfolio within the medium - to long - term range of 5 - 7 years, and avoid high - congestion assets [3][92][93]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Important Matters - On December 5, 2025, the central bank will conduct a 1000 - billion - yuan 3 - month (91 - day) fixed - quantity, interest - rate - tendered, multi - price - winning bidder - selected买断式逆回购 operation. The net investment of the central bank in treasury bonds in November was 5 billion yuan, far lower than the market's relatively optimistic expectation of 100 billion yuan. On December 5, 2025, six major banks stopped selling 5 - year large - denomination certificate of deposit products [6][9]. 3.2 Money Market 3.2.1 Open Market Operations and Fund Interest Rate Trends - From December 1 to 5, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase operation had a net investment of - 84.8 billion yuan. It is expected that the basic currency will have a maturity withdrawal of 66.38 billion yuan from December 8 to 12, 2025. At the beginning of the month, the fund market was generally loose, and DR001 fell below 1.3% for the first time this year [14][15]. 3.2.2 Certificate of Deposit Interest Rate Trends and Repurchase Transaction Situations - In the primary market, the issuance scale of inter - bank certificates of deposit last week was 495.91 billion yuan, a decrease of 63.54 billion yuan from the previous week. The net financing scale was 47.1 billion yuan, an increase of 289.69 billion yuan from the previous week. The issuance interest rates of inter - bank certificates of deposit generally increased last week. In the secondary market, the yields of inter - bank certificates of deposit generally increased last week [25][31][34]. 3.3 Bond Market - In the primary market, the supply scale of interest - rate bonds decreased last week, with an actual issuance of 430.717 billion yuan and a net financing of 128.844 billion yuan. As of December 5, 2025, the cumulative net financing scale of various treasury bonds in 2025 was about 6.23 trillion yuan, and that of various local bonds was about 7.11 trillion yuan, showing a significant increase compared with the average values from 2021 to 2024. As of last week, the issuance scale of special refinancing bonds in 2025 had reached 2.29 trillion yuan, mainly with long - term and ultra - long - term maturities [38][44][48]. - In the secondary market, at the beginning of the month, the short - term interest rates were stable, while the ultra - long - term interest rates continued to be affected by market noise and increased significantly. The yields of 1 - year, 3 - year, 5 - year, 7 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bonds changed by - 0.01BP, - 1.46BP, 1.39BP, 0.17BP, 0.68BP, and 7.20BP respectively. The 10Y - 1Y treasury bond yield spread increased from 43.95BP to 44.64BP. The yields of the same - term CDB bonds also changed, and the 10Y - 1Y CDB bond yield spread increased from 34.94BP to 37.66BP. The implied tax rate of 10 - year CDB bonds increased slightly [51]. 3.4 Institutional Behavior Tracking - Last week, the leveraged trading scale was generally stable due to the relatively loose fund market. In the cash bond market, state - owned banks significantly increased their holdings of treasury bonds within 5 years and local bonds within 10 years; rural commercial banks mainly increased their holdings of 5 - 10 - year policy financial bonds and treasury bonds over 5 years; insurance companies continued to prefer local bonds over 10 years; securities firms and funds were the main sellers last week [68][73]. - In October 2025, the leverage ratio of all institutions in the inter - bank market was about 118.77%, an increase of about 0.06 percentage points from September. The leverage ratios of commercial banks, securities companies, and other institutions in the inter - bank market in October 2025 were about 110.31%, 191.29%, and 132.17% respectively [68]. 3.5 High - Frequency Data Tracking - Last week, the settlement price of rebar futures increased by 2.47% week - on - week, the settlement price of wire rod futures remained flat, the settlement price of cathode copper futures increased by 5.02% week - on - week, the cement price index decreased by 0.40% week - on - week, and the South China Glass Index decreased by 4.70% week - on - week. The CCFI index decreased by 0.62% week - on - week, and the BDI index increased by 9.92% week - on - week. In terms of food prices, the wholesale price of pork decreased by 0.84% week - on - week, and the wholesale price of vegetables increased by 3.31% week - on - week. The settlement prices of Brent crude oil futures and WTI crude oil futures increased by 0.09% and 1.91% respectively week - on - week. The central parity rate of the US dollar against the RMB was 7.07 last week [88]. 3.6 Market Outlook - The report maintains the judgment of a recovery market in December but expects the downward space of interest rates to be relatively limited. It is recommended to adopt a left - side layout configuration rhythm, prioritize switching positions to medium - and short - term treasury bonds and policy financial bonds, and pay attention to trading opportunities of secondary perpetual bonds of the same term. As the meeting window approaches, gradually increase the offensive nature of the portfolio, control the overall duration center of the portfolio within the medium - to long - term range of 5 - 7 years, and avoid high - congestion assets [3][92][93].

Group 1 - The bond market in November experienced a short-term bottoming and recovery process, with the 10-year government bond yield starting at 1.80% and ending at 1.84%, reaching a high of 1.87% in early December [2][7] - Risk appetite for the bond market decreased as the stock market entered a consolidation phase, leading to a balanced market with low volatility [2][7] - The uncertainty surrounding new fund sales regulations contributed to institutions seeking hedging strategies [2][7] Group 2 - Historical analysis of December bond market performance over the past five years shows that long-term interest rates typically decline, driven by expectations of "loose monetary policy" and year-end performance demands [15][16] - The 2025 December bond market may face challenges due to a hawkish central bank stance, limiting consensus on year-end interest rate cuts [37] - The supply of government bonds is expected to decrease in December, reducing financing pressure and stabilizing the market [34] Group 3 - Marginal changes in fundamental data, particularly inflation and credit metrics, are anticipated to impact market sentiment [38] - November CPI is expected to rise to around 0.6% due to food price increases, while PPI may stabilize around -2.0% [38][39] - Credit data indicates a potential recovery, with state-owned banks showing significantly lower net purchases compared to previous years [42] Group 4 - The bond market is expected to return to a high volatility state in mid to late December, presenting opportunities for potential gains [45] - A "barbell strategy" is recommended, focusing on stable short-term positions and value in mid-term bonds [45][46] - Long-term positions may face volatility risks, particularly with the uncertainty surrounding new redemption fee regulations [49]