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[Table_Summary] 3 月工业企业利润和营收同比增速双双录得回升。拆分来看，本次利润增速回升主要来自量和 利润率同比改善，价格则在低位继续震荡。从分工业门类来看，制造业利润回升明显，动能预 计主要源自于抢出口和设备更新持续拉动装备制造行业需求脉冲式回升。从企业经营角度，经 营压力边际有所改善，但库存延续被动回补趋势，反映整体需求继续偏弱运行。后续总需求能 否进一步改善，是驱动企业利润长期复苏的观察锚点。而 4 月政治局会议传递出中央对支撑内 需的信心和态度坚定，期待后续储备政策陆续出台承托需求韧性和企业利润增长。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 于博 刘承昊 SAC：S0490520090001 SAC：S0490523050001 SFC：BUX667 SFC：BVA882 丨证券研究报告丨 中国经济丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 盈利增速脉冲式回升 ——1-3 月工业企业利润点评 报告要点 1 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 [Table_Title 盈利增速脉冲式回升 2] ——1-3 月工业企业利润点评 事件描述 2025 年 4 月 27 日，国家统计局公布数据：1- ...

Core Viewpoint - The meeting of the Central Political Bureau emphasized the need for stronger macroeconomic policies to stabilize the economy amid increasing external shocks, highlighting the importance of proactive fiscal and monetary measures to support growth and employment [1][2][3]. Economic Performance - In Q1, China's economy grew by 5.4% year-on-year, surpassing the growth rates of the previous year and positioning it among the leading global economies [2]. - The meeting acknowledged the need to solidify the foundation for ongoing economic recovery due to heightened external pressures [2]. Policy Tools - The meeting called for the enhancement of the policy toolbox to include both flexibility and unconventional features, aiming to respond effectively to economic fluctuations [2]. - It was noted that the policies should be timely and responsive to changes in the economic landscape, with a focus on stabilizing employment and economic growth [2][3]. Monetary Policy - The meeting reiterated the commitment to maintaining liquidity and supporting the real economy through structural monetary policy tools, including potential interest rate cuts and the establishment of new financial instruments [4][5]. - Recent data indicated a significant increase in social financing, with March's increment reaching 5.89 trillion yuan, reflecting robust monetary support for economic recovery [4]. Fiscal Policy - The meeting emphasized accelerating the issuance and utilization of local government special bonds and ultra-long-term special government bonds, with a total issuance plan of 1.3 trillion yuan announced [6]. - The focus will be on expediting fiscal spending and optimizing expenditure structures to ensure the stability of basic public services [6][7]. Future Expectations - Analysts anticipate that fiscal policies may include measures such as increasing the issuance of government bonds and expanding consumer subsidies to stimulate new consumption growth areas [7]. - The meeting highlighted the urgency of addressing local government debts owed to enterprises, indicating a potential allocation of funds to resolve these issues [7].

国信期货研究 Page 1 国信期货宏观月报 宏观 国内再提超常规逆周期调节 美国关税政策高度不确定 2025 年 4 月 27 日 ⚫ 主要结论 中共中央政治局强调，统筹国内经济工作和国际经贸斗争，再提超常规 逆周期调节。4 月 25 日中共中央政治局召开会议，分析研究当前经济形势和 经济工作。会议指出，统筹国内经济工作和国际经贸斗争，坚定不移办好自 己的事，以高质量发展的确定性应对外部环境急剧变化的不确定性。宏观政 策基调方面，会议强调，要加紧实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，对宏观政策 的落地提出一定要求；会议再提超常规逆周期调节。财政政策方面，会议强 调，加快地方政府专项债券、超长期特别国债等发行使用。货币政策方面， 会议强调，适时降准降息，创设新的结构性货币政策工具，设立新型政策性 金融工具，支持科技创新、扩大消费、稳定外贸等。后期，基础货币投放， 仍需关注国债买卖、买断式逆回购、新的结构性货币政策工具以及新型政策 性金融工具。由于美国关税政策，我国对外贸易相对承压，人民币短期有贬 值压力；但是，中长期来看，人民币仍然不宜过度贬值。从年内在岸美元兑 人民币走势来看，或以宽幅波动为主，区间或为 7.0 至 ...

Market Performance - Major global markets recorded gains, with Nasdaq up 6.73%, DAX up 4.89%, and S&P 500 rising over 4.5% [1] - The Hang Seng Index and other indices like CSI 300 and A50 saw more modest increases, with Hang Seng Index up 2.74% [1] A-Share Market - A-share market experienced fluctuations driven by policy dynamics and earnings expectations, with the ChiNext Index leading with a 1.74% weekly gain [2] - Daily average trading volume for the week reached 1.15 trillion yuan, an increase of 38 billion yuan from the previous week [2][6] Sector Performance - The agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery sector rose by 3.97%, while the power equipment sector saw a decline of 7.73% [3] - The automotive sector increased by 4.87%, and the beauty care sector rose by 3.8%, indicating strong performance in certain industries [5] Policy Impact - The Politburo meeting emphasized the need for more proactive macro policies, suggesting a potential acceleration in policy implementation to boost market confidence [2] - The G20 meeting highlighted the importance of dialogue and policy coordination, which may enhance financial cooperation between China and the European Central Bank [1] Investment Opportunities - Short-term focus remains on domestic demand sectors, particularly in building materials, smart home appliances, and the hospitality industry, which are expected to benefit from policy upgrades [2]

金融界12月15日消息本周末证监会、财政部罕见同时加班，传达学习重磅会议精神。 14日（周六）下午5点37分，证监会发布传达学习本周四中央经济工作会议精神通稿。证监会在通稿中 指出，这次中央经济工作会议对资本市场工作作出重要部署，充分体现了党中央对资本市场工作的高度 重视和殷切期望。 值得注意的是，在周一的政治局会议上，首次出现了"加强超常规逆周期调节"的字样，也被大部分投资 人解读为是会议主要超预期的内容之一。但是，中央经济工作会议的对外通稿中，没有重复这样的表 述，让部分投资人产生担忧，周五A股三大股指均以跌幅超过2%收盘，市场短期走势再次扑朔迷离。 尤其是周五央行、金管总局先后发声落实学习重磅会议精神后，市场各方都在关注着证监会和财政部的 动向，迫切等待着证监会和财政部的最新部署。 证监会、财政部罕见加班！ 如何落实中央经济工作会议精神？证监会此次强调要坚决落实"稳住楼市股市"重要要求，着力稳资金、 稳杠杆、稳预期，切实维护资本市场稳定；把握支持新质生产力发展这个着力点，增强发行上市制度包 容性、适应性，鼓励以产业整合升级为目的的并购重组，培育壮大耐心资本；坚决落实监管"长牙带 刺"、有棱有角，着力提升 ...

会议释放出积极信号，与市场预期较为契合，为A股大盘的中长期稳定提供了有力支撑。会议提出要"持续稳定和活跃资本市场"，新增"活跃"表述彰显国家 层面对资本市场的高度重视，意在提振投资者对市场的信心。资本市场作为经济的"晴雨表"，其活跃度对于企业融资、居民财富增长以及宏观经济稳定至关 重要。 "中国货币政策由2024年的'稳健'转为'适度宽松'。"中国银行首席研究员宗良表示，2024年12月中央政治局会议指出，2025年将实施适度宽松的货币政策。 今年《政府工作报告》中货币政策延续"适度宽松"基调，并明确提出"适时降准降息，保持流动性合理充裕"，不仅回应了市场关切，且预期将推出更大力度 的政策措施将有力提振市场信心，推动市场预期持续转暖。预计2025年央行将采用更丰富的货币政策工具，下调7天逆回购操作利率30-50个基点，带动广谱 利率下行，向市场注入流动性，促进消费、投资需求增长，推动物价合理回升。除了传统的降准降息外，央行还将继续使用结构性货币政策工具，以支持重 点领域和薄弱环节，引导资金流向关键领域，激发内生动力和创新活力。 贸易摩擦与政策波动带来双重考验 2025年，中国经济发展面临外部环境复杂多变、不确 ...

周内(4月21日至4月25日)，大宗商品涨跌不一，基本金属、黑色系板块领涨，航运板块领跌。 就国内期货市场具体来看，能源化工板块，燃油周上涨1.51%、原油上涨1.10%，碳酸锂下跌2.85%；黑 色系板块，铁矿石周上涨1.43%、焦煤上涨0.37%；基本金属板块，沪镍周上涨0.05%、沪锌上涨 3.17%、沪铜上涨1.71%；农产品板块，棕榈油周上涨3.00%、豆粕上涨0.33%、生猪下跌2.18%。航运板 块，集运欧线周下跌10.95%。交易行情热点 热点一：美联储独立性受影响，黄金收出高位十字星 黄金本周盘中价格创出新高，COMEX黄金一度突破3500美元盎司关口，随后快速回落，COMEX黄金 和伦敦金周线均收出十字星。具体来看，COMEX黄金下跌0.33%，报3330.2美元/盎司；伦敦金下跌 0.17%，报3318.62美元/盎司。 据南华期货（603093）统计：长线基金持仓看，上周SPDR黄金ETF持仓周减6吨至946.3；iShares白银 ETF持仓周减164.1吨至13956吨。短线基金持仓看，根据截至4月22日的CFTC持仓报告，黄金非商业净 多头寸周减26832张至175378张，其中 ...

中国发展改革报社评论员|张洽棠 扩大内需与促进开放协同。 内需是中国经济的"发动机"，本次政治局会议提出，设立服务消费与养老再贷款，定向支持服务与消费 领域，要求"尽快清理消费领域限制性措施"，这些是在需求侧的细分领域进行深入创新，充分释放消费 潜在活力。同时，会议还提出"提高中低收入群体收入"，这是从收入端努力解决消费的动力源问题，使 得人民群众能花、敢花且想花，让消费这驾"马车"跑得更稳、更快且更好。 近日，扩大服务业开放试点新增9个城市，允许外资控股医疗机构等政策频出。我国制度型开放的步子 越走越快，同时，面对关税等国际博弈，会议也明确提出"反对单边霸凌行径"。目前，外部环境充满了 不确定性，也对部分企业造成了一定的冲击，不过，包括内外贸一体化等"组合拳"在较大程度上实现了 风险对冲，让广大外贸企业真切体会到了国家的温暖。 短期政策发力与长期制度建设兼顾。 当前，在面对国际国内纷繁复杂的局面时，我们更多地展现出战略主动出击，将主动权牢牢掌握在自己 手中。这既是发展韧性的真实体现，也是改革创新的生动写照。 会议的政策基调十分明确，即"加强超常规逆周期调节"，要求财政与货币政策双轮驱动、超常规发力。 不仅有 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" outlook for the banking industry, indicating a relative strength compared to the market benchmark index [6]. Core Insights - The April 25 meeting of the Political Bureau emphasized the need for proactive macroeconomic policies to stabilize employment, businesses, and market expectations in response to external shocks [9]. - The report highlights the acceleration of fiscal policy, with local special bonds and long-term special government bonds expected to be issued more rapidly, potentially boosting project funding demand [9]. - Monetary policy is expected to continue with "timely" reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate reductions, alongside the introduction of new structural monetary policy tools to support key sectors [9]. - The report identifies two main investment themes: high-dividend stocks and those with improved risk expectations, suggesting specific banks for investment [9]. Summary by Sections Banking Industry Overview - The banking sector is anticipated to experience profound impacts from the current phase of intensive growth-stabilizing policies, with fiscal policy expected to support social financing and credit, thereby boosting economic expectations [9]. - The report notes that while bank net interest margins may face short-term pressure, regulatory measures against high-interest deposit solicitation will provide important support for margins in 2025 [9]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on high-dividend stocks such as Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), China Construction Bank (601939), Agricultural Bank of China (601288), and China Merchants Bank (600036) [9]. - It also recommends stocks with strong fundamentals and less disruption from bond market adjustments, including Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank (601077), Chongqing Bank (601963), Jiangsu Bank (600919), Shanghai Bank (601229), and Qingdao Bank (002948) [9].