国债期货日报 2025/7/31 端在期货 | | 7月31日 20:30 美国7月失业率 美国7月季调后非农就业人口(万人) | | --- | --- | | 重点关注 | 8月1日 20:30 美国至7月26日当周初请失业金人数(万人) 美国6月核心PCE物价指数年率 | 数据来源第三方，观点仅供参考。市场有风险，投资需谨慎！ 备注：T为10年期国债期货，TF为5年期国债期货，TS为2年期国债期货 研究员： 廖宏斌 期货从业资格号F30825507 期货投资咨询从业证书号Z0020723 免责声明 本报告中的信息均来源于公开可获得资料，瑞达期货股份有限公司力求准确可靠，但对这些信息的准确性及完 整性不做任何保证，据此投资，责任自负。本报告不构成个人投资建议，客户应考虑本报告中的任何意见或建议是否 符合其特定状况。本报告版权仅为我公司所有，未经书面许可，任何机构和个人不得以任何形式翻版、复制和发布。 如引用、刊发，需注明出处为瑞达期货股份有限公司研究院，且不得对本报告进行有悖原意的引用、删节和修改。 | 项目类别 | 数据指标 | 最新 | 环比 项目 | 最新 | 环比 | | --- | --- | ...

【博时市场点评7月31日】三大指数下跌，跌幅均超1% 每日观点 今日沪深两市震荡调整，深证成指、创业板指跌幅均超1.5%，两市成交进一步放量至1.96万亿。美东时 间7月30日，美联储FOMC会后公布，联邦基金利率的目标区间仍维持在4.25%至4.5%，符合市场普遍预 期。会议决议表述较此前发生两点变化，一是认为美国上半年经济增长有所放缓，二是经济前景的不确 定性依然高涨。在会后鲍威尔的讲话中，对于9月会不会降息的问题，则认为需要看9月议息会议之前的 两轮就业和通胀数据的情况，劳动力市场是否明显下滑。市场对鲍威尔的讲话做出了偏鹰派的解读，10 年美债收益率先跌后涨，美元指数上涨，美股盘中跳水、标普500指数由涨转跌，黄金现价跌破3300美 元/盎司关口，目前对于9月降息的预期出现下降。 7月31日，国家统计局披露数据，7月份，制造业采购经理指数为49.3%，比上月下降0.4个百分点；非制 造业商务活动指数和综合PMI产出指数分别为50.1%和50.2%，比上月下降0.4和0.5个百分点，均持续高 于临界点，我国经济总体产出保持扩张。 数据来源：同花顺，截至2025年7月31日。基金有风险，投资需谨慎。基金管理 ...

生产、新订单均走弱，7月PMI环比下行0.4％｜快讯 从企业规模看，大型企业PMI为50.3%，比上月下降0.9个百分点，高于临界点；中型企业PMI为49.5%， 比上月上升0.9个百分点，低于临界点；小型企业PMI为46.4%，比上月下降0.9个百分点，低于临界点。 从分类指数看，在构成制造业PMI的5个分类指数中，生产指数和供应商配送时间指数均高于临界点， 新订单指数、原材料库存指数和从业人员指数低于临界点。生产指数为50.5%，比上月下降0.5个百分 点，仍高于临界点，表明制造业生产延续扩张。新订单指数为49.4%，比上月下降0.8个百分点，表明制 造业市场需求有所放缓。原材料库存指数为47.7%，比上月下降0.3个百分点，表明制造业主要原材料库 存量继续减少。从业人员指数为48.0%，比上月上升0.1个百分点，表明制造业企业用工景气度略有回 升。供应商配送时间指数为50.3%，比上月上升0.1个百分点，表明制造业原材料供应商交货时间继续加 快。 华夏时报 编辑：刘诗萌 文/张智 7月31日，国家统计局发布7月PMI数据。数据显示，7月份PMI为49.3%，比上月下降0.4个百分点，制造 业景气水平有所 ...

Group 1: PMI Overview - In July 2025, the manufacturing PMI decreased to 49.3%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in manufacturing activity[1] - The construction business activity index was at 50.6%, down from 52.8%, while the services business activity index remained stable at 50.0%[1] Group 2: Production and Demand Factors - The production index for July was 50.5%, a decrease of 0.5 percentage points from June, while the new orders index fell to 49.4%, indicating contraction[2] - New export orders dropped to 47.1%, reflecting a decline in external demand, with the U.S. Markit manufacturing PMI falling from 52.9% to 49.5%[2] Group 3: Price Indices and Material Costs - The PMI output price index rose by 2.1 percentage points to 48.3%, and the raw material purchase price index increased by 3.1 percentage points to 51.5%, indicating rising material costs[3] - The price increase was attributed to the initial success of curbing excessive competition, with 11 out of 16 industries experiencing price increases[3] Group 4: Inventory and Procurement Trends - The inventory indices for finished goods and raw materials both declined, with finished goods at 47.4% and raw materials at 47.7%, indicating a contraction in inventory levels[4] - Procurement volume fell to 49.5%, also entering the contraction zone, suggesting companies are maintaining low inventory levels in response to short-term demand[4] Group 5: Business Size and Sector Performance - The PMI for small enterprises dropped significantly to 46.4%, while large and medium enterprises saw minor changes, indicating pressure on smaller businesses[4] - The non-manufacturing sector also experienced a decline, with the construction PMI falling to 50.6% and the services PMI slightly decreasing to 50.0%[4] Group 6: Future Outlook - Despite the challenges, the PMI reflects resilience in the economy, with production remaining in the expansion zone[5] - Future demand may improve due to policies aimed at boosting consumption, although external demand is expected to continue declining[5]

Group 1: Manufacturing PMI Insights - In July 2025, China's manufacturing PMI decreased to 49.3%, down 0.4 percentage points from June[1] - The new orders index fell by 0.8 percentage points to 49.4%, indicating a return to contraction territory[2] - The production index was at 50.5%, down 0.5 percentage points, still in the expansion zone but affected by weak demand[2] Group 2: External and Internal Demand Factors - Weak external demand was reflected in the new export orders index, which dropped by 0.6 percentage points[2] - Domestic consumption growth has slowed, influenced by the real estate market adjustments and reduced effectiveness of previous growth-stimulating policies[2] - The service sector PMI was at 50.0%, down 0.1 percentage points, with tourism-related sectors performing well but overall service sector affected by real estate cooling[4] Group 3: Economic Outlook and Policy Implications - The overall economic pressure is increasing, with manufacturing PMI indicating a downturn after two months of recovery[5] - The central political bureau meeting emphasized the need for sustained macroeconomic policy support in the second half of the year[5] - Potential policy measures may include interest rate cuts and increased fiscal spending to boost domestic demand and counteract external demand slowdown[5]

Group 1: PMI Overview - The manufacturing PMI for July 2025 is reported at 49.3%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month[3] - The non-manufacturing business activity index and composite PMI output index are at 50.1% and 50.2%, respectively, both down by 0.4 and 0.5 percentage points from last month[3] - The decline in July's PMI is attributed to both temporary and structural factors, including extreme weather and natural disasters[3] Group 2: Factors Influencing PMI - Extreme weather conditions, such as high temperatures and natural disasters, have negatively impacted PMI readings, contributing to a seasonal decline in manufacturing[4] - The "anti-involution" trend may cause a temporary slowdown in production, but it is expected to improve price expectations significantly[5] - The new export orders index fell to 47.1%, indicating a slowdown in export demand, reflecting the effects of previous strong export activities[6] Group 3: Price Indicators - The PMI raw material purchase price index increased by 3.1 percentage points to 51.5%, while the PMI factory price index rose by 2.1 percentage points to 48.3%[5] - The marginal improvement in price expectations does not indicate a substantial recovery in prices, as the transition from negative to positive PPI growth is still pending[5] Group 4: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The construction PMI and service PMI recorded values of 50.6% and 50.0%, with respective declines of 2.2 and 0.1 percentage points[6] - The construction sector is expected to face less downward pressure due to ongoing policy support for infrastructure projects[8]

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI decreased to 49.3% in July, indicating a slight contraction in the manufacturing sector, while the non-manufacturing business activity index remained above the critical point, suggesting overall economic expansion [1][3][6]. Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI fell by 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, attributed to seasonal production slowdowns and adverse weather conditions [3][4]. - The production index and new orders index were at 50.5% and 49.4%, respectively, indicating continued expansion in manufacturing activities but a slowdown in market demand [4]. - The manufacturing business activity expectation index rose to 52.6%, reflecting increased confidence among manufacturers regarding market developments [4]. - Key industries such as equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing maintained PMIs above the critical point at 50.3% and 50.6%, respectively, while the consumer goods sector saw a decline to 49.5% [4]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index was reported at 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, but still above the critical threshold [6]. - The service sector's business activity index remained stable at 50%, with significant growth in transportation and entertainment sectors due to summer holiday effects [7]. - The construction sector's business activity index decreased to 50.6%, influenced by adverse weather conditions, with a corresponding drop in the business activity expectation index to 51.6% [8]. Market Outlook - The overall market expectations in the service sector improved, with a business activity expectation index of 56.6%, indicating optimism among service providers [7]. - Experts suggest that increased government investment in public goods and infrastructure could help boost order volumes and stabilize economic growth in the latter half of the year [4][8].

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for July is 49.3%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in manufacturing activity [1] - Large enterprises have a PMI of 50.3%, slightly down but still above the critical point; medium enterprises have a PMI of 49.5%, up by 0.9 percentage points but below the critical point; small enterprises have a PMI of 46.4%, down by 0.9 percentage points and below the critical point [1] - The production index is at 50.5%, down by 0.5 percentage points but still indicates expansion; the new orders index is at 40.4%, down by 0.8 percentage points, showing a slowdown in market demand [1] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI for July is 50.1%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points but still above the critical point; the construction index is at 50.6%, down by 2.2 percentage points, while the service index is at 50.0%, down by 0.1 percentage points [2] - The CD index is at 45.7%, down by 0.9 percentage points, indicating a decline in non-manufacturing market demand [2] - The comprehensive PMI output is at 50.2%, down by 0.5 percentage points but still indicates overall expansion in business activities [2] Group 3: Economic Policy and Outlook - The Central Political Bureau meeting emphasized maintaining policy continuity and stability while enhancing flexibility and foresight to address internal and external shocks [3][4] - The meeting highlighted the need for proactive measures to stimulate domestic demand, with final consumption contributing 52% to GDP growth in the first half of the year [4] - The meeting also pointed out the importance of deepening reforms and fostering technological innovation to develop new competitive industries [5] Group 4: Capital Market - The meeting stressed enhancing the attractiveness and inclusivity of the domestic capital market, with a focus on improving the quality of listed companies to attract investments [6] - The Shanghai Composite Index has shown positive momentum, surpassing key levels of 3500 and 3600 points since April [6] - There is an expectation for a long-term bullish trend in the capital market, driven by increased investment from institutional investors and the inclusion of innovative companies in the market [6]

Economic Overview - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for July is reported at 49.3%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a slight contraction in manufacturing activity [1] - The non-manufacturing business activity index stands at 50.1%, also down by 0.4 percentage points, reflecting a slowdown in growth [1] - The composite PMI output index is at 50.2%, down 0.5 percentage points, but still above the critical point, suggesting overall expansion in business activities [1] Manufacturing Sector Insights - The new orders index for manufacturing is at 49.4%, a decline of 0.8 percentage points, indicating a tightening in market demand [3] - The new export orders index is reported at 47.1%, down 0.6 percentage points, further highlighting weak demand [3] - Despite the demand weakness, the production index remains at 50.5%, indicating continued expansion in manufacturing activities for the third consecutive month [3] - The raw material purchase price index has risen to 51.5%, an increase of 3.1 percentage points, suggesting a recovery in raw material prices [3] Price Trends - The ex-factory price index for manufactured goods is at 48.3%, up 2.1 percentage points, marking the second-highest point this year [3] - The basic raw materials sector is driving the stabilization and recovery of market prices, with the purchase price index rising over 7 percentage points to 52% [4] Business Confidence and Expectations - The production and business activity expectation index is at 52.6%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points, indicating improved confidence among manufacturing enterprises [4] - Large enterprises maintain a PMI of 50.3%, while medium-sized enterprises show improvement with a PMI of 49.5%, and small enterprises have a PMI of 46.4%, indicating varying levels of economic health across different company sizes [4] Non-Manufacturing Sector Performance - The non-manufacturing business activity index is at 50.1%, reflecting a slowdown but still within the expansion range [8] - The construction sector's business activity index is at 50.6%, down 2.2 percentage points, indicating a slowdown due to seasonal weather impacts [8] - Consumer spending during the summer shows positive trends, with retail and postal service indices rising above 50% and 60%, respectively, indicating strong consumer purchasing intentions [9] Future Outlook - The construction sector is expected to rebound post-rainy season, with infrastructure activities projected to continue steady growth [8][9] - The overall economic foundation remains solid, with expectations for continued stable expansion and quality improvement in the second half of the year, supported by ongoing macroeconomic policies [5]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) decreased to 49.3% in July, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in manufacturing activity [1][2] - The production index remained in expansion at 50.5%, while the new orders index fell to 49.4%, reflecting a slowdown in market demand [2] - Large enterprises maintained expansion with a PMI of 50.3%, while medium-sized enterprises improved to 49.5%, and small enterprises decreased to 46.4% [3] Group 2: Price Indices - The price index for major raw materials increased, with the purchasing price index at 51.5% and the factory price index at 48.3%, indicating an overall improvement in manufacturing market prices [2] - The purchasing price index for major raw materials rose above the critical point for the first time since March, suggesting a recovery in market conditions [2] Group 3: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index was 50.1%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, but still above the critical point, indicating continued expansion [1][4] - The service sector's business activity index remained stable at 50.0%, with certain industries like transportation and entertainment showing strong growth due to seasonal effects [4] - The construction sector's business activity index fell to 50.6%, influenced by adverse weather conditions, while the business activity expectation index for the service sector rose to 56.6%, indicating optimism among service enterprises [4] Group 4: Composite PMI - The composite PMI output index was 50.2%, down 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, but still indicating overall expansion in production and business activities [5][6] - The manufacturing production index and non-manufacturing business activity index contributed to the composite PMI, standing at 50.5% and 50.1% respectively [6]