Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoints - The interest rate timing model indicates that the overall signal maintains a view of interest rate fluctuations, with the volatility signal expecting an upward trend in interest rates starting from April 21, 2025, and the trend signal expecting a downward trend in interest rates starting from April 24, 2025 [2][6]. - The duration of public - offering funds continued to rise from April 28 to April 30, 2025, with the median duration increasing by 0.01 to 2.95 years, at the 77% percentile over the past three years [3][18]. - The duration divergence index increased from April 28 to April 30, 2025, rising to 0.58, at the 84% percentile over the past three years [4][18]. Summaries by Related Catalogs Interest Rate Timing Model - The latest model signal shows an overall view of interest rate fluctuations, with the overall signal starting to indicate fluctuations on April 24, 2025, the trend signal indicating a downward trend in interest rates starting from April 24, 2025, and the volatility signal indicating an upward trend in interest rates starting from April 21, 2025 [6]. - The model's historical signal review shows different trends in interest rate expectations from 2021 to 2025, including multiple changes in the trend and volatility signals [7][8][9][10][11]. - The application instructions for the trend and volatility components state that the trend component is for "long - cycle" analysis, the volatility component is for "short - cycle" analysis; trend changes are "post - hoc", while volatility changes are "forward - looking"; trend judgment is suitable for "allocation strategies", and volatility judgment is suitable for "trading strategies" [11]. Institutional Duration Tracking - From April 28 to April 30, 2025, the median duration of public - offering funds increased by 0.01 to 2.95 years, at the 77% percentile over the past three years [3][18]. - The duration divergence index rose to 0.58 from April 28 to April 30, 2025, at the 84% percentile over the past three years [4][18].

Core Insights - In the first quarter of 2025, Chinese residents' deposits surged by 9.22 trillion yuan, reaching a historical high, with an average increase of 6,000 yuan per person, driven by heightened risk awareness, limited investment channels, and insufficient consumer confidence [1][3][4] Group 1: Factors Behind Increased Savings - Enhanced risk awareness post-pandemic has led 60% of households to view savings as an "emergency reserve" [1][3] - Limited investment channels are evident as the annualized volatility of the CSI 300 index reached 25% in 2024, and 60% of mixed funds had annualized returns below 5% [1][4] - Consumer confidence remains low, with consumption accounting for only 64.8% of GDP in 2024, below the expected 68% [3] Group 2: Challenges for Depositors in 2025 - Depositors will face challenges such as declining deposit rates, liquidity crises, bankruptcy risks of small banks, and potential asset bubbles [1] - The one-year fixed deposit rate has dropped from 2.25% to 1.55%, resulting in a decrease of 700 yuan in annual interest for a 100,000 yuan deposit [4][10] - Predictions indicate that by the second half of 2025, the one-year fixed deposit rate may fall to 1.3% [12] Group 3: Strategies for Wealth Preservation - Implementing a tiered deposit strategy by dividing funds into three parts for different term deposits can balance liquidity and returns [15] - Prioritizing large-denomination certificates of deposit (CDs) can yield higher interest rates, with three-year CDs at 2.3% in the first quarter of 2025 [15] - Considering structured deposits that are principal-protected and linked to interest rates or indices, which had an average annualized return of 3.2% in 2024 [15] Group 4: Case Studies - A case study of a resident who lost 200,000 yuan in the stock market and transferred 500,000 yuan to fixed deposits illustrates the prevailing risk-averse mentality [4] - Another case highlights the significant loss incurred by a depositor who withdrew funds early, resulting in a drastic reduction in expected interest earnings [13][17]

金融期货日报 股指 ◆ 核心观点： 美国商务部长谈及部分关税谈判进展，声称有的已谈妥待批准，贸易协议的 希望提振美股，美股涨幅扩大。美国 3 月 JOLTS 职位空缺创半年新低，远逊 预期；4 月谘商会消费者信心指数超预期下降至 86，创 2020 年 5 月以来新 低；3 月商品贸易逆差创历史记录，远超预期。中国国家主席在上海考察时 强调，加快建成具有全球影响力的科技创新高地。国内战略定力较强，节前 出重大利好政策的概率较低，可考虑防守过节。 ◆ 策略建议： 震荡运行 国债 ◆ 核心观点： 日内公布关税贸易战后首份 PMI 数据，此前 EPMI 环比回落幅度已超季节性， 关注 4 月官方 PMI 是否显著弱于预期。虽然利率下行趋势尚未逆转，但市场 抢跑行情演绎充分，收益率行至低位后做多赔率有所下降。后续收益率能否 突破前低，将取决于：1）基本面数据是否出现超预期变化；2）配置资金能 否持续入场形成增量驱动力量。当前利率交易需更注重安全边际。 ◆ 策略建议： 短期看好 研究咨询部 2025-04-30 公司资质 长江期货股份有限公司交易咨询业 务资格：鄂证监期货字{2014}1 号 金融期货团队 研究员： 彭 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the relationship between interest rates and valuations, emphasizing that not all declining interest rate environments will lead to valuation increases. It outlines two primary methods for valuation enhancement: through accelerated growth or rising ROE, and through a low interest rate environment [3][23]. Group 1: Valuation Enhancement Methods - Valuation can be enhanced through two methods: one is during the accelerated growth or ROE upturn phase, and the other is in a low interest rate environment [3][23]. - In a low interest rate environment, the valuation is influenced by both the numerator (ROE) and the denominator (interest rates and risk premiums) [4][30]. - The relationship between valuation and ROE is positively correlated across countries, while the relationship between valuation and interest rates varies, showing positive, weak, or negative correlations depending on the country [4][31]. Group 2: Scenarios for Valuation Increase - Valuation increases during a declining interest rate phase are most evident in environments of extreme liquidity, where short-term real interest rates drop significantly [7][42]. - If economic recovery is strong, valuations will rise alongside interest rates due to inflation expectations, as seen in the post-pandemic U.S. [8][47]. - In cases of economic deflation, profit and inflation expectations may lead to further declines in valuations, as observed in Japan in the 1990s and Italy in the 2010s [8][47]. Group 3: Valuation and Interest Rate Dynamics - The average PB valuation low point for developed countries is 0.85 times, corresponding to an average interest rate of 2.46% [9][10]. - The low point of valuations is influenced by fundamentals, while the low point of interest rates is determined by monetary liquidity [9][10]. - Countries with strong fundamentals (e.g., U.S., Japan, Germany, France) tend to see valuation increases in sectors with comparative advantages, such as consumer discretionary, technology, and healthcare [12][47]. Group 4: A-share Market Valuation Potential - As interest rates decline, the extent of valuation increases diminishes, indicating a reduced sensitivity of valuations to interest rates [15][17]. - For example, when interest rates are at 4%, a 20% decline leads to a 16.9% increase in valuation; however, at 1.6%, the same decline results in only a 9.5% increase [15][16]. Group 5: Sector Performance During Interest Rate Changes - In the A-share market, sectors such as utilities and coal saw valuation increases when interest rates fell from 3.2% to 2.2%, while sectors driven by economic conditions, like TMT, performed better when rates fell from 2.2% to 1.6% [17][20]. - The performance of stable assets may not yield excess returns in the later stages of declining interest rates, as market dynamics shift towards growth-oriented assets [17][20].

Report Industry Investment Rating Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - The shock pattern of China's domestic bond market was broken by the escalation of trade frictions last week. After the introduction of the US's so - called "reciprocal tariffs", the global risk - aversion sentiment has increased, and the yields of domestic bonds have declined significantly. The direction of interest rate decline has been re - established, and the probability of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts in Q2 has increased significantly [2][3][6]. - Although the final implementation of short - term tariffs remains to be observed and the market may fluctuate, in the next quarter, long - term interest rates may hit new lows. At present, it is recommended to pay more attention to the duration strategy and appropriately lengthen the duration of the portfolio [3][36]. Summary by Directory 1. US Reciprocal Tariff Rates Significantly Exceed Expectations, and the Overseas Market Enters a Risk - Aversion Mode - After Trump took office in January, the US imposed tariffs on imports from China, Canada, and Mexico on the grounds of "fentanyl" and immigration issues, and also imposed tariffs on specific products such as steel, aluminum, and automobiles. On February 13, Trump signed a memorandum to impose reciprocal tariffs on trading partners. The market originally thought this would reduce the possibility of a significant increase in overall US tariffs [2][6][7]. - On April 2, the announced reciprocal tariffs first imposed a 10% tariff on all US imports. For economies with large trade deficits, additional differential tariffs were imposed. This greatly exceeded market expectations, bringing high uncertainty to the global economy, potentially pushing up US inflation in the short term and reducing economic growth, and thus increasing global risk - aversion sentiment [2]. - After the reciprocal tariffs were introduced, most economies said they would negotiate with the US. China announced a series of counter - measures on April 4, showing more preparedness for potential tariff risks and enhanced economic resilience. There is still room for negotiation between China and the US, and the final tariff rate is likely to be lower than the current level, but the impact on the fundamentals may exceed previous expectations [2]. 2. The Implementation of Tariffs is Expected to Accelerate the Relaxation of Aggregate Policies. Pay Attention to the Decline of the Central Level of Funding Rates - After the end of the cross - quarter period last week, the funding became looser, and on Thursday, the central bank's open - market operations turned to net injection, pushing DR007 below 1.7%, the lowest level since mid - January. The central bank may re - evaluate the economic and financial situation due to the escalation of global trade frictions, and the decline of the central level of funding rates may accelerate [18]. - Although the funding rate dropped below 1.7% on Thursday, the bank's rigid net financing scale declined, indicating that the central bank may not be ready to lower the central level of funding rates to 1.5% or lower. However, if there is greater pressure on the equity market or external demand, the time for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts may be advanced, and the central level of funding rates may decline further [21]. - The scale of 91 - day discounted Treasury bonds issued last week was lower than expected, leading to a downward revision of the forecast for the April Treasury bond issuance scale. It is expected that the central financial institution capital injection special Treasury bonds will be publicly issued, and the overall government bond issuance scale in April is expected to be about 2.23 trillion yuan, with a net financing of about 86 billion yuan, a decrease of about 61 billion yuan compared with March [3][24][30]. 3. The Direction of Interest Rate Decline is Re - established, and the Rhythm and Magnitude Depend on the Central Bank's Follow - up Actions - Before the implementation of the tariff measures last week, it was believed that the bond market rally driven by the revision of fundamental expectations in the second quarter might repeat in 2025. After the escalation of trade frictions, the yields of bonds at all maturities declined significantly, and investors were concerned about the downward space of interest rates [35]. - If priced at a funding rate of 1.65% - 1.7%, the downward space for short - and medium - term interest rates may be limited. However, due to the increased uncertainty in the domestic fundamental environment, the central bank may be more inclined to reduce costs, and the probability of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts in Q2 has increased significantly. In the short term, long - term interest rates may be more certain, and 3 - 5 - year credit bonds also have strong allocation value [36].

很多时候不是我们的原则策略有问题，而是在执行时出问题。在入场条件尚未完全成熟时，就迫不及待地、害怕错过地冲动入场，在离场时，尚未等到卖 出条件的成立，就迫不及待地落袋为安，亦或是止损离场条件已经成立，但就是死扛不走。 ——笔记哥《应对》 【笔记20250402— 川普关税 吓松国内资金（+资金面明显转松+特朗普关税将至宽松预期升温=中下)】 资金面均衡宽松，长债收益率明显下行。 央行公开市场开展2299亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有4554亿元逆回购到期，净回笼2255亿元。 资金面明显转松，资金价格回落，DR001下行至1.74%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2025. 04. 02) | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 回购代码 | 加权利率 | 变化 | 利率走势 | 最高利率 | 变化 | 成交量 | 变化量 | 成交量占 | | | (%) | (bp) | (近30天) | (%) | (bp) | (亿元) | (亿元) | 比 (%) | | R001 | 1.79 | 13 | | ...

日本九十年代市场复盘 1 日本九十年代市场复盘：多次下调利率，逐步进入零利率时期 20世纪90年代初期，日本泡沫经济破灭后经济快速下行，随之资产负债表衰退，日本货币政策转向 宽松。 日本央行于1991年7月将政策利率从6%下调至5.5%，同年11/12月各降50BP至4.5%；1992年4 月降到3.75%，7月再降50BP；并于1993年2月降到2.5%。此后2年多的时间内政策利率持续下调， 1995年5月下调为1%，同年9月再次下调至0.5%。1999年，日本央行将利率下降至0%，成为首个进入 零利率时代的央行。 同期日本国债利率呈现明显的下行趋势，以10年期国债收益率为例，1990年9月其收益率高达8%左 右，1998年9-10月则降至1%以下。 2 ▲图表1： 日本九十年代调整政策利率 资料来源：Wind，日本央行，国际清算银行， 野村东方国际证券 注：1998年前用官方贴现率，1998年后用政策利率 ▲图表2： 日本十年期国债利率 资料来源：Wind，日本财务省，野村东方国际证券 消费股基本面及估值变化情况 日本90年代经历了十次利率下调，我们根据此段时间利率下降的幅度和频次将其分为四个阶段。 东证 ...

顺带说一句，李嘉诚除了房地产，最喜欢做的就是公用事业的生意，发电+自来水。我港股就买了老李旗下的电能实业，是港股这么烂的情况下少数还有 盈利的港股。 今天两市成交7400亿，缩量非常明显，不过我打听到的说法是近期日内做t的量化交易大幅变少了，虽然监管没有明确的说日内t不准做，但机构们在这个 时候都倾向于业务收缩，不愿当出头鸟。没有了这些日内来回撸毛的交易，a股正常就是7000-8000亿的规模。 市场中位数-1.28%，如果看中位数的话今年-17%很惨了，那些炒小票的2024年被打到深水区，很难上岸。资金继续向主板的权重股集中，上证指数今天 跌0.48%，是几个大盘指数里表现最好的。 板块里一马当先的依然是近期连续上涨的电力，+2.7%，也是76个行业里唯一涨幅超过1%的板块。随着6月份的临近，外部资金的涌入呈现加速的状态。 中央在山东济南召开企业和专家座谈会，就深化电力体制改革、发展风险投资等提出i意见建议。这就是继续走该走的流程，但市场上已经在提前消化涨 价的利好。 昨晚有读者问长江电力为什么一直涨，其实长江电力不是孤例，整个水电板块最近都很好。国投电力、川投能源、华能水电、桂冠电力，也都是一天一个 新高 ...