长江证券指出，在国际宏观扰动下，把握布局科技产业趋势的窗口期，应对策略：1）首先，以史为 鉴，参考2018年特朗普实施关税正式落地的A股市场表现，自主可控+扩内需+稳定类（如公用事业等红 利板块）+反制行业表现较好。2）考虑到目前A股、港股和美股市场均已大幅调整，短期情绪达到较低 的位置，其中美股的波动率VIX指数攀升至历史较高位置，预计短期市场或出现阶段性反弹。3）未来 市场风险偏好的持续提升需等待国内外政策的变化，一是美国债券和股市流动性问题或倒逼美联储释放 更多流动性，二是国内出口数据若出现较大变化，或需更多货币财政政策支持，三是贸易关系的变化。 未来潜在风险点是中概股相关的金融政策，或对港股市场产生风险偏好的压制。在宏观扰动下，把握布 局产业趋势的窗口期，重点关注恒生科技指数、AI+（含机器人）和新消费方向。 公开信息显示，恒生科技指数ETF（513180）在A股上市的同赛道ETF中规模和流动性双双领先，支持 T+0交易。恒生科技指数ETF（513180）兼具新科技与新消费属性，在外围扰动下具备韧性：1）新科 技：恒生科技代表了中国AI核心资产，成分股深度聚焦AI产业链的上中下游，其中阿里、腾讯、小 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 袁玲玲（微信 Yuen43） 报告摘要 近一周，扩内需信号进一步明确，主要涉及就业、地产、股市、服务消费等。 1 、高层定调：总理在三次会议或调研上，均高度关注经济问题。 1 ） 4 月 15 日， 总理在北京调研 消费及地产相关内容。 2 ） 4 月 17 日， 总理主持国务院专题学习，以预期管理为主题，提出要"要 讲究政策时机，在一些关键的时间窗口，推动各方面政策措施早出手、快出手，对预期形成积极影 响。 要把握政策力度，必要时敢于打破常规 "。 3 ） 4 月 18 日，总理主持召开国常会，研究稳就业 稳经济问题。提出要" 锚定经济社会发展目标 ，加大逆周期调节力度"。 2 、股市楼市： 1 ） 4 月 15 日 ，总理在北京调研时提出，"当前和今后一个时期，我国房地产市场 仍有很大的发展空间"。 2 ） 4 月 18 日， 总理主持召开国常会，"要持续稳定股市，持续推动房地产 市场平稳健康发展"。 3 、消费及就业 ： 1 ） 4 月 18 日， 总理主持召开国常 ...

Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. Core Views - For Treasury bonds, expect increased volatility and remain cautious [6][7] - For stock indices, be optimistic about the long - term performance and wait for opportunities to go long [10][11] - For precious metals, the medium - to - long - term upward logic remains strong, and previous long positions can be held [12][13][14] - For rebar and hot - rolled coils, investors can look for short - selling opportunities on rebounds and participate with a light position [15][16] - For iron ore, investors can look for buying opportunities at low levels, and participate with a light position [17][18][19] - For coking coal and coke, investors can look for short - selling opportunities on rebounds and participate with a light position [20][21] - For ferroalloys, consider manganese silicon out - of - the - money call options at low levels and short - covering opportunities for silicon iron at the bottom, or consider out - of - the - money call options at low levels if there are large spot losses [22][23] - For crude oil, consider a long - biased operation on the main contract [24][25][26] - For fuel oil, consider a long - biased operation on the main contract [27][28][29] - For synthetic rubber, expect weak oscillations [30][31] - For natural rubber, expect weak oscillations [32][33] - For PVC, expect bottom oscillations [34][35][37] - For urea, expect short - term weakness [38][39] - For p - xylene (PX), expect low - level oscillations following the cost side, and operate with caution [40][41] - For PTA, expect bottom oscillations, and participate with caution [42] - For ethylene glycol, expect bottom oscillations, and participate with caution [43][44] - For staple fiber, expect bottom adjustments following the cost side, and participate with caution [45] - For bottle chips, expect low - level oscillations following the cost side, and pay attention to cost price changes [46][47] - For soda ash, expect short - term weakness [48] - For glass, expect a weak market sentiment [49] - For caustic soda, price fluctuations depend on supply - demand games, and beware of premature market movements [50][51] - For pulp, expect a weak and low - level repeated oscillation [52] - For lithium carbonate, expect a weak operation [53] - For copper, consider a long - biased operation on the main contract [54][55] - For tin, expect price oscillations, control risks in the short term, and wait for the release of risk sentiment [56] - For nickel, control risks in the short term, and wait for the macro sentiment to stabilize [57] - For industrial silicon and polysilicon, consider short - selling at high levels on rebounds [58][59][60] - For soybean oil and soybean meal, remain on the sidelines for soybean meal; for soybean oil, consider out - of - the - money call options at the bottom support range [61][62] - For palm oil, remain on the sidelines for now [63][64] - For rapeseed meal and rapeseed oil, consider the opportunity to widen the spread after the soybean - rapeseed spread narrows [65][66] - For cotton, wait to short sell the far - month contract at high prices after a rebound [67][68][69] - For sugar, remain on the sidelines [71][73][74] - For apples, consider going long at low prices after a pullback [76][77] - For live pigs, consider short - selling opportunities at high prices [78][79][80] - For eggs, wait for the release of the current market sentiment [81][82] - For corn, remain on the sidelines for now [83][84] - For logs, beware of a rapid decline if the reality is weaker than expected [85][86] Summary by Directory Treasury Bonds - The previous trading day saw a differentiated close of Treasury bond futures, with the 30 - year, 10 - year, 5 - year, and 2 - year main contracts having different price changes. The central bank conducted 250.5 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, resulting in a net investment of 222 billion yuan [5] - The external environment is favorable for Treasury bond futures, but yields are relatively low. China's economy shows a stable recovery trend, and it is advisable to remain cautious [6] Stock Indices - The previous trading day saw slight oscillations in stock index futures, with different changes in the main contracts of various indices [8][9] - The first - quarter fiscal revenue decreased by 1.1% year - on - year, and expenditure increased by 4.2%. In March, total social power consumption increased by 4.8% year - on - year [9] - Although there are concerns about corporate profit growth and global recession, domestic asset valuations are low, and policies have hedging space. Be optimistic about the long - term performance of Chinese equity assets [10] Precious Metals - The previous trading day saw gold and silver main contracts with different price changes. The complex global trade and financial environment, potential monetary policy easing, and other factors are expected to drive up the price of gold [12] - Be optimistic about the long - term value of gold, and previous long positions can be held [13] Rebar and Hot - Rolled Coils - The previous trading day saw a slight correction in rebar and hot - rolled coil futures. The real - estate industry's downturn suppresses rebar prices, but the peak - season demand may provide short - term support. Hot - rolled coils may follow a similar trend. Steel prices are at a low valuation, and the downward space may be limited [15] Iron Ore - The previous trading day saw a slight correction in iron ore futures. The increase in iron ore demand and the decrease in imports and port inventory support the price. The valuation is relatively high among black - series products. Consider buying at low levels [17][18] Coking Coal and Coke - The previous trading day saw weak oscillations in coking coal and coke futures. The supply of coking coal is loose, and the transaction atmosphere has weakened. The shipment of coke has improved, but the possibility of further price increases is low. Consider short - selling on rebounds [20] Ferroalloys - The previous trading day saw slight declines in the main contracts of manganese silicon and silicon iron. The supply of manganese ore may be disturbed, and the demand for ferroalloys is weak while the supply is relatively high. Consider options opportunities based on different situations [22][23] Crude Oil - The previous trading day saw INE crude oil rise and then fall. Speculators increased their net long positions in US crude oil futures. The number of US oil and gas rigs decreased, and OPEC deepened its production - cut agreement. Consider a long - biased operation [24][25][26] Fuel Oil - The previous trading day saw fuel oil rise and then fall. Asian fuel oil demand is unlikely to increase sharply. The sales of marine fuel oil in the UAE's Fujairah Port recovered in March. Consider a long - biased operation as the market may be oscillating upward [27][28][29] Synthetic Rubber - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main contract of synthetic rubber. Supply pressure persists, demand improvement is limited, and it may maintain weak oscillations [30] Natural Rubber - The previous trading day saw different price changes in the main contracts of natural rubber and 20 - number rubber. Global supply is expected to increase, demand is affected by tariffs, and it may maintain weak oscillations [32] PVC - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main contract of PVC. Supply pressure eases marginally, demand recovers weakly, and it may oscillate at the bottom [34][35][37] Urea - The previous trading day saw an increase in the main contract of urea. In the short term, it may oscillate weakly. Agricultural demand is in a lull, and new production capacity is being released [38] P - Xylene (PX) - The previous trading day saw an increase in the PX2509 main contract. PX装置 maintenance and downstream PTA load reduction. It is expected to oscillate at a low level following the cost side [40][41] PTA - The previous trading day saw an increase in the PTA2509 main contract. Supply and demand fundamentals have few contradictions, and it may oscillate at the bottom [42] Ethylene Glycol - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main contract of ethylene glycol. Supply improves due to coal - based plant maintenance, but demand is weak. It is expected to oscillate at the bottom [43][44] Staple Fiber - The previous trading day saw a decline in the staple fiber 2506 main contract. Downstream demand is weak, and it may adjust at the bottom following the cost side [45] Bottle Chips - The previous trading day saw an increase in the bottle chips 2506 main contract. Raw material prices fluctuate, and it is expected to oscillate at a low level following the cost side [46][47] Soda Ash - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main 2509 contract of soda ash. Production and inventory are at high levels, and the market may remain weak in the short term [48] Glass - The previous trading day saw a significant decline in the main 2509 contract of glass. A production line changed its product type. Production lines are at a low level, and inventory changes little. The market sentiment is weak [49] Caustic Soda - The previous trading day saw a slight increase in the main 2505 contract of caustic soda. Production decreased last week, and demand has slightly improved. Price fluctuations depend on supply - demand games [50][51] Pulp - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main 2507 contract of pulp. Port inventory increased slightly, and downstream开工 rates varied. The market is expected to oscillate at a low level [52] Lithium Carbonate - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main contract of lithium carbonate. The trade tariff event affects demand, and supply remains high. It is expected to operate weakly [53] Copper - The previous trading day saw an upward oscillation in Shanghai copper. The price increased, and the spot market had limited supply. Consider a long - biased operation [54] Tin - The previous trading day saw an increase in tin prices. The Bisie tin mine may resume operation, and Indonesian mining costs have increased. Consumption data is good, and prices are expected to oscillate [56] Nickel - The previous trading day saw a decline in nickel prices. The US tariff event has a negative impact on the market. Supply is tightened, and cost support is strong, but demand may weaken in the off - season [57] Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon - The previous trading day saw a significant decline in the prices of industrial silicon and polysilicon. Supply and demand are imbalanced, and prices are expected to continue to bottom - out [58][59] Soybean Oil and Soybean Meal - The previous trading day saw declines in soybean meal and soybean oil main contracts. Brazilian soybean production is high, and domestic supply is abundant. Consider different strategies for soybean oil and soybean meal [61][62] Palm Oil - Malaysian palm oil had a slight decline. Domestic imports decreased, and inventory is at a low level. Remain on the sidelines for now [63][64] Rapeseed Meal and Rapeseed Oil - Canadian rapeseed exports decreased. China has imposed tariffs on Canadian products, and domestic inventories are at high levels. Consider the opportunity to widen the spread [65][66] Cotton - The previous trading day saw a weak oscillation in domestic cotton. US cotton export sales increased, and the planting rate is lower than in previous years. Textile exports are affected by tariffs, and domestic demand is weak. Consider short - selling the far - month contract at high prices [67][68][69] Sugar - The previous trading day saw a strong oscillation in domestic sugar. Brazilian sugar production increased, and Indian sugar production was lower than expected. Domestic inventory is neutral, and it is advisable to remain on the sidelines [71][73][74] Apples - The previous trading day saw apple futures rise and then fall. Cold - storage inventory decreased rapidly, and the market sales are good. Consider going long at low prices after a pullback [76][77] Live Pigs - The previous day saw a slight decline in the national average price of live pigs. Demand is weak, and the supply pressure is increasing. Consider short - selling opportunities at high prices [78][79][80] Eggs - The previous trading day saw an increase in the average price of eggs in the main production areas. Egg production capacity is increasing, and consider waiting for the release of market sentiment [81][82] Corn - The previous trading day saw a decline in the corn main contract. The sales of the current season are almost over, and port inventory is high. Supply pressure exists in the short term, and consumption is slightly increasing. Remain on the sidelines for now [83][84] Logs - The previous trading day saw a decline in the main 2507 contract of logs. A tropical cyclone may affect shipments. Inventory is relatively neutral, and beware of a rapid decline [85][86]

点击小程序查看报告原文 提振内需的必要性与政策实施的有效性正在提升 外部冲击之下，"扩内需"必要性进一步提升。 美国近期实施的关税政策力度远超预期，扰动全球贸易秩序，加剧全球经济放缓风险。中美贸易摩擦动态 演绎，截至4月16日，中国出口美国的个别商品累计各种名目的关税已达到245%[1]。在此背景下，我国政府迅速采取针对性措施，包括对等关税、出口管 制、反倾销调查、WTO诉讼等[2]，维护多边贸易。与此同时，在外部尤其贸易前景尚不明朗的背景下，更为积极地实施内需刺激政策必要性提升，以国 内增长确定性应对外部环境的不确定性。 当前时点"扩内需"的效果或优于以往。第一，从政策空间来看， 近期公布的物价数据显示，CPI同比2月起再次进入负增长区间，PPI同比持续低位运行， 通胀低位为货币宽松和财政刺激提供了更大操作空间。 第二，从政策目标来看， 扩大内需是去年底经济工作会议以及两会明确的首要任务[3]。特别地， 2024年地方政府债务置换计划落地后，地方偿债压力缓解，为新增投资及民生支出释放财政空间，地方政府配合中央逆周期调控的能力和意愿增强。 第 三，私人部门信心逐步企稳。 3月统计局公布的商品房销售面积、销售金 ...

Core Viewpoint - In 2024, the food and beverage industry in Shanghai achieved stable growth driven by the "expanding domestic demand" policy, showcasing strong growth momentum through innovation and market expansion [1][5]. Stability: Strengthening the Foundation - The food and beverage industry, characterized by high-frequency consumption, provided stable cash flow and risk resilience, with a total operating cash flow of 124.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32% [1]. - Leading companies like Kweichow Moutai reported revenue of 174.1 billion yuan and a net profit of 86.2 billion yuan, both growing over 15% year-on-year, indicating strong demand in the high-end market [1]. - Dongpeng Beverage achieved total revenue of 15.8 billion yuan, a 41% increase year-on-year, with a net profit of 3.3 billion yuan, up 63%, reflecting successful product innovation and market expansion [1]. Progress: Innovation-Driven Growth - The industry is leveraging innovation to drive growth, with emerging categories and channels providing new opportunities [2]. - Dongpeng Beverage's electrolyte drink "Dongpeng Buliang" saw sales surge by 280.37% year-on-year, successfully extending consumption scenarios [2]. - The company is also expanding its brand influence in coffee and sugar-free tea segments [2]. Structural Breakthroughs and Market Trends - Youyou Foods reported a 35.44% increase in profit to 157 million yuan, successfully entering membership-based retail channels with products like deboned duck feet [3]. - The "rise of domestic brands" and "silver economy" trends are highlighted, with companies like Yuanzi launching low-sugar baked goods to meet health-conscious consumer demands [3]. - Guangzhou Restaurant is tapping into the silver economy by introducing new products like ginseng chicken soup and expanding its product matrix with innovative offerings [4]. Future Outlook - The Shanghai food and beverage industry is expected to maintain steady growth, driven by ongoing domestic demand policies and continuous efforts in product innovation and channel expansion [5].

Economic Performance - In Q1 2025, the actual GDP growth rate was 5.4%, exceeding the consensus forecast by 0.2 percentage points[3] - The nominal GDP growth rate for Q1 2025 was 4.6%, consistent with Q4 2024[3] - Industrial added value in March increased by 7.7%, surpassing expectations by 1.8 percentage points[13] - Retail sales in March grew by 5.9%, exceeding expectations by 1.5 percentage points[21] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment in Q1 2025 showed a cumulative year-on-year growth of 4.2%, higher than the previous month by 0.1 percentage points[31] - Manufacturing investment grew by 9.1%, while infrastructure investment rose by 5.8%[33] - Real estate investment declined by 9.9%, with new construction area down by 24.4%[36] Consumer Behavior - Per capita disposable income in Q1 2025 was 12,179 yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.5%[43] - Per capita consumption expenditure was 7,681 yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 5.3%[45] - The consumption structure showed a trend of "tightening spending," particularly in food, clothing, and healthcare[45] Future Outlook - The introduction of the "reciprocal tariffs" by the U.S. is expected to negatively impact China's exports and overall economic growth in 2025[51] - Recommendations for macroeconomic policy include diversifying export markets, stabilizing investment, and enhancing domestic consumption[51] - Risks include potential global inflation, rapid economic downturns in Europe and the U.S., and complex international situations[51]

Market Overview - The A-share market shows a mixed performance with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 3280.34, up 0.13%, while the Shenzhen Component Index fell by 0.16% to 9759.05 [2][3] - The overall market capitalization of the Shanghai Composite Index is 6322.77 billion, with a price-to-earnings (PE) ratio of 11.58 and a price-to-book (PB) ratio of 1.23 [3] Market Strategy - The market is experiencing a volume contraction with a rebound, particularly in the real estate and consumer sectors, which have shown significant gains [4][6] - The real estate sector is seeing a recovery with 24 out of 70 major cities reporting an increase in new residential sales prices in March 2025 [8][10] - The consumer sector is also active, driven by government policies aimed at boosting consumption, including subsidies and tax incentives [9][10] Industry Dynamics - TSMC reported a first-quarter revenue of 25.53 billion USD, a year-on-year increase of 35.3%, with a gross margin of 58.8% [27] - The energy storage system market saw a 55% decline in bidding scale in March 2025, attributed to the concentration of large projects in the previous months [29] - LVMH's first-quarter revenue was 20.31 billion EUR, down 3% year-on-year, with the Asia market (excluding Japan) experiencing an 11% decline [34][35] Company Tracking - Dongpeng Beverage achieved a first-quarter revenue of 4.848 billion, a year-on-year increase of 39.23%, with a net profit of 980 million, up 47.62% [39][40] - Huaye Fragrance reported a revenue of 345 million, a 28.12% increase year-on-year, and a net profit of 22.09 million, up 659.83% [42][43]

Group 1: International Insights - Jefferies has lowered its year-end target for the S&P 500 from 6000 points to 5300 points [1] - BlackRock indicates that while US stocks are under short-term pressure, they remain attractive in the long term [2] - Mitsubishi UFJ suggests that the British pound may continue to perform poorly against the euro [2] - Morgan Stanley has reduced its economic growth forecast for South Korea to 1% for this year [2] Group 2: Domestic Insights - CICC has raised its expectations for oil surplus while lowering its oil price forecast [2] - CITIC Securities highlights strategic opportunities for domestic scientific instruments due to the push for self-sufficiency [2] - CITIC Construction Investment notes that the rare earth sector is well-positioned for both offensive and defensive strategies, recommending active attention [2] - CITIC Securities anticipates accelerated capacity expansion for BC batteries [2] - Guojin Securities emphasizes the government's determination to expand domestic demand, focusing on two major directions [2] - CITIC Construction Investment advises caution against bottom-fishing US Treasuries in the mid-term [2] - Galaxy Securities expects a continuation of moderately loose monetary policy, with increased expectations for rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions [2]

Core Insights - The report highlights a significant acceleration in China's export growth in March, with a year-on-year increase of 12.4%, driven by favorable contributions from major trading partners and a strong performance in certain mechanical and electrical products [6][7][8] - The macroeconomic policy focus will continue to be on "expanding domestic demand" as a key strategy moving forward [6][9] Macroeconomic Overview - In Q1, China's exports grew by 5.8% year-on-year in USD terms, while imports fell by 7.0%, resulting in a trade surplus of $272.97 billion [6][7] - The trade surplus in RMB terms was 19,614.2 billion, with exports increasing by 6.9% and imports decreasing by 6.0% [6][7] - March's export growth was notably influenced by a 46.0% month-on-month increase, attributed to the end of the Spring Festival and active "export rush" by foreign trade enterprises [8] Industry Performance - The report emphasizes the performance of the electrical equipment sector, specifically highlighting the financial results of a key company, 大金重工, which reported a revenue of 3.78 billion yuan in 2024, a decrease of 12.61% year-on-year, but with a net profit increase of 11.46% to 474 million yuan [10][11] - The company's overseas shipments accounted for 45.58% of its revenue, indicating a strategic shift towards international markets [11] Trade Partner Contributions - In March, exports to ASEAN countries saw a year-on-year increase of 11.6%, with imports growing by 9.8%, marking the highest export share to ASEAN since 2008 [7] - Exports to the EU and the US also showed positive growth, with year-on-year increases of 10.3% and 9.1%, respectively, while imports from these regions declined [7] Future Growth Potential - The report suggests that the European offshore wind market is poised for rapid growth, which could benefit the company significantly as it has established itself as a key supplier in this sector [12][13] - The company is actively expanding its production capacity and seeking new growth avenues, including the development of floating wind power foundations and a global logistics system [13]

Trade Data Summary - In Q1 2025, China's exports increased by 5.8% year-on-year in USD terms, accelerating by 3.5 percentage points compared to January-February[2] - Imports fell by 7.0% year-on-year, with the decline narrowing by 1.4 percentage points from the previous two months[2] - The trade surplus reached $272.97 billion in USD terms, or ¥1.96142 trillion in RMB[2] Monthly Performance - In March 2025, exports surged by 12.4% year-on-year, improving by 15.4 percentage points from February[2] - Imports decreased by 4.3%, a significant drop of 5.8 percentage points compared to the previous month[2] - The trade surplus for March was $102.64 billion, an increase of $70.92 billion from February[2] Key Trade Partners - Exports to ASEAN countries rose by 11.6% in March, marking the highest share since 2008 at 17.9% of total exports[2] - Exports to the EU increased by 10.3%, with a notable improvement of 21.8 percentage points from the previous month[2] - Exports to the US grew by 9.1%, with an increase of 18.9 percentage points compared to February[2] Economic Outlook - The Chinese government emphasizes "expanding domestic demand" as a key focus for future macroeconomic policy[3] - The spokesperson highlighted the resilience of the domestic market, stating it remains a significant support for the economy[3] - Risks include potential economic recession in Europe and the US, along with increasing international complexities[3]