点击注册小程序 报告摘要 事件： 9月16日，美国商务部发布2025年8月美国零售额数据： 市场反应： 零售数据公布后，道琼斯指数、标普500指数与纳斯达克指数小幅收跌，三大指数分别较前一交易日收盘 变动-0.27%、-0.13%和-0.07%。10年期美债收益率下行1BP至4.04%，2年期美债收益率下行3BP至 3.51%。 核心观点： 如何看待8月高于预期的消费数据？从总量看，随着特朗普贸易谈判推进，美国关税单边大幅上涨的风险 已经收敛，关税对消费者信心冲击最大的阶段已经度过，美国消费者信心指数已较二季度的低点回暖，8 月零售数据的企稳在"意料之中"。考虑到消费占美国GDP近七成，消费企稳意味着美国经济难以失速，美 国经济"最危险"的时间或已过去。从结构看，8月消费数据表现分化，开学季需求下非耐用品消费维持韧 性，但耐用品消费降温，考虑到地产链、汽车等耐用品消费对利率较为敏感，预计在下半年美联储重启降 息后，耐用品消费或回暖。 查看完整报告 特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客 ...

◎记者 汪友若 北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储将联邦基金利率目标区间下调25个基点到4.00%至4.25%之间。根据美联 储主席鲍威尔在新闻发布会上的发言，机构普遍认为，此次降息为"预防式"降息，即美联储并不会进入 持续性的降息周期，而是为了预防潜在风险，前瞻性实施相对温和的降息举措。从历史经验看，"预防 式"降息开启后，全球各类核心资产中，股票资产走势最为强劲，新兴市场有望迎来配置窗口。 利好股票资产表现 对于以中国市场为代表的新兴市场而言，美联储开启降息周期也意味着配置窗口的打开。在全球风险偏 好改善的情况下，降息有望推动部分国际资本流入新兴市场。 景顺亚太区全球市场策略师赵耀庭在研报中表示，当前新兴市场股票具有较好的投资价值。"投资者不 妨保持多元化投资组合，并有选择性地增加对新兴市场股票及新兴市场本币债券的配置。"赵耀庭称。 在美股市场，"降息交易"已演绎近一个月。 自美联储主席鲍威尔8月22日在全球央行年会上意外"转鸽"后，投资者便开始大幅押注美联储9月降息。 一段时间以来，"宽松交易"持续主导美国市场：美债利率和美元回落，黄金上涨，美股回调后反弹。 当地时间9月17日，美股三大指数收盘时涨跌互现— ...

时隔9个月，美联储降息重磅落地。 9月18日，美联储宣布2025年首次降息，美国联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）议息会议决定降息25个基 点，把联邦基金利率目标区间下调至4%到4.25%之间，这一决议符合市场普遍预期。 今日上午，黄金暂时高位回调，COMEX黄金低开3692.5美元/盎司，国内A股核心指数低开后震荡上 涨，截至上午10点30分，上证指数、深证成指均涨逾0.5%。热门概念方面，半导体、通信设备、芯片 等概念领涨，黄金珠宝跌近2%，黄金个股几乎全部下跌，曼卡龙跌逾4%，湖南黄金、西部黄金等多只 个股跌超2%。 美联储此次降息将如何影响全球市场？投资者关注的A股、港股、美股、黄金、债市等大类资产后续将 如何表现？贝壳财经记者综合整理了十大券商的主要观点。多家机构指出，本轮美联储降息仍为"预防 式降息"，总体上偏利好中国股市、债市和人民币汇率，其中，港股核心资产配置价值凸显。 不过，多家机构也提示，后续大类资产表现仍可能受多重因素的扰动。比如，海外央行货币宽松低于预 期；美国及我国宏观经济波动风险；中国政策力度、实施效果或经济复苏不及预期；地缘冲突蔓延等。 中信证券：港股核心资产配置价值凸显 预计本轮仍 ...

北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储公开市场委员会（FOMC）公布最新货币政策会议纪要，决定将联邦基 金利率目标区间下调25个基点，至4%—4.25%之间。这是美联储2025年第一次降息，也是继2024年三次 降息后的再次降息。 据悉，此次政策调整的背后，是美联储平衡通胀与就业的现实考量。近期指标显示，美国上半年经济活 动增长放缓，就业增长放缓。经济前景的不确定性依然存在，就业下行风险上升。尽管美国通胀率有所 上升，并维持在略高水平，但近几个月新增就业远低于预期让美联储终于采取降息措施。 今年首次降息 一如市场预期，美联储降息25基点。当地时间9月17日，美联储宣布将联邦基金利率目标区间下调到4% —4.25%之间的水平。美联储主席鲍威尔表示，当前劳动力市场活力不足且略显疲软，降息旨在提振劳 动力市场。 这是美联储今年以来的首次降息。9个月时间，也是一场关于通胀预期与经济数据的博弈。2025年上半 年，美联储历次议息会议将联邦基金利率目标区间维持在4.25%—4.5%之间不变，多名官员强调"在降 息之前，需要看到通胀进一步下降的证据"。到6月，美联储内部意见分歧明显，联邦公开市场委员会会 议纪要显示，19名官员中只 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's decision to cut interest rates by 25 basis points marks the beginning of a new preventive rate-cutting cycle, with expectations for further cuts in October and December [1][3][4]. Group 1: Market Reactions and Predictions - Over 15 brokerage firms have released reports interpreting the Fed's rate cut, with "in line with expectations" being the dominant sentiment [1]. - Most brokerages anticipate an additional 50 basis points of cuts within the year, but long-term cuts may be less than previously expected [1][4]. - The consensus among analysts is that the U.S. economy may achieve a soft landing, although some warn that excessive easing could lead to stagflation risks [1][11]. Group 2: Individual Brokerage Insights - **CITIC Securities**: Predicts further cuts in October and December, but the path for rates next year remains unclear [3]. - **China Merchants Securities**: Indicates that the Fed's dot plot suggests a lower rate cut than market expectations, with potential volatility in risk assets [6]. - **Guotai Junan Securities**: Believes the new rate-cutting cycle will support market liquidity and stock performance, despite a slower long-term pace [8][10]. Group 3: Economic Implications - **Zhejiang Merchants Securities**: Describes the rate cut as a "risk management" measure, indicating a hawkish tone and uncertainty about future cuts [4][13]. - **Huatai Securities**: Adjusts its forecast for rate cuts from two to three times this year, citing ongoing pressures in the job market [4][12]. - **CICC**: Warns that excessive monetary easing could exacerbate inflation and lead to a stagflation scenario [11]. Group 4: Sector-Specific Insights - **CITIC Jian Investment**: Highlights that real estate and manufacturing sectors are likely to benefit first from the rate cuts [7]. - **Guangdong Development Securities**: Suggests that the Fed's actions may create more room for China's monetary policy adjustments [2][6]. - **Dongwu Securities**: Notes that the Fed's guidance indicates an additional rate cut next year, which may support market sentiment [2].

Group 1: FOMC Meeting Insights - The FOMC lowered the interest rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.0%-4.25%, aligning with market expectations, with 11 out of 12 voting members in favor[29] - The economic growth forecast for this year was raised from 1.4% to 1.6%, while the unemployment rate forecast for next year was adjusted down from 4.5% to 4.4%[31] - The dot plot indicates a divided view on future rate cuts, with 10 out of 19 members predicting three or more cuts this year, while one member forecasts a total cut of 150 basis points[41] Group 2: Economic Conditions and Risks - Current economic conditions support a "preventive" rate cut, characterized by weakening but not deteriorating employment and economic indicators[4] - The recession risk is low, with the NBER's recession probability at only 0.8%, significantly below historical averages[5] - The personal credit default rate has increased but remains manageable, indicating overall good health in household and banking sectors[4] Group 3: Market Implications - The preventive rate cut is expected to boost equity markets, particularly benefiting interest-sensitive sectors like real estate[6] - The dollar index may experience a slight rebound due to improved fundamentals, while the long-term interest rates may face upward pressure if employment improves or inflation remains high[7] - Domestic monetary policy remains focused internally, with limited necessity for the central bank to follow the Fed's rate cuts due to unclear demand-side improvements[28]

美联储降息影响几何？20250918 摘要 历史数据显示，温和预防式降息当日，标普 500 和纳斯达克上涨概率较 高，但涨幅温和；恒生指数平均微跌，上证指数反应平淡；伦敦金现上 涨概率较高，但涨幅有限，表明短期资金小幅获利了结，不影响整体上 涨趋势。 降息后一个季度内，美股科技板块（纳斯达克）通常领涨，上涨胜率高， 平均涨幅最高，受益于企业盈利稳定及流动性充裕；恒生指数受益程度 仅次于纳斯达克；伦敦金现虽上涨，但涨幅有限，胜率约 50%，表明流 动性充裕推动权益类资产，黄金受分流影响。 慢速预防式降息（如 1995-1998 年）期间，标普 500 和纳斯达克均翻 倍；2024 年 9 月以来类似降息期间，标普 500 和纳斯达克分别上涨 17%和 27%，通过稳定的政策呵护企业盈利。快速预防式降息（如 2019 年 8-10 月）压制市场表现，美股基本横盘，恒生指数下跌，黄金 跑赢风险资产。 应对衰退型降息（如 1984-1986 年及 1989-1992 年储贷危机期间）， 美股标普 500 在 1989 至 1992 年间上涨 30%，恒生指数大幅上涨 172%，关键在于危机未击穿盈利基本面，通过逐步修 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent FOMC meeting where the Federal Reserve decided to implement a preventive interest rate cut of 25 basis points, indicating a shift in economic outlook and potential future monetary policy adjustments [2][23]. Group 1: FOMC Meeting Outcomes - The FOMC cut the federal funds target rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.0%-4.25%, which was in line with market expectations [23]. - The meeting statement highlighted an increase in downside risks to employment, removing previous affirmations of a robust labor market [24]. - Economic growth forecasts for the next two years were raised, while the unemployment rate forecast for next year was lowered, and inflation expectations were increased [25]. Group 2: Economic Context for Preventive Rate Cuts - The current economic situation supports a preventive rate cut, characterized by weakening but not deteriorating economic and employment conditions [4][10]. - Household financial conditions remain strong, with high-income consumer spending robust despite slowing income growth [11]. - Business confidence is improving, particularly in the AI sector, and commercial credit growth is on the rise, indicating resilience in corporate investment [11]. Group 3: Implications for Financial Markets - The preventive rate cut is expected to positively impact U.S. equities, particularly in interest-sensitive sectors like real estate, potentially leading to improved earnings expectations [6][14]. - U.S. Treasury yields may face limited downward movement due to already priced-in rate cut expectations, with potential for rebound if employment data improves or inflation remains elevated [6][14]. - The dollar index may experience slight rebounds as overseas currency hedging effects diminish, alongside improving fundamental expectations [6][15]. Group 4: Domestic Monetary Policy Considerations - Domestic monetary policy remains focused on internal factors, with the necessity for credit stimulus not strong given unclear demand-side improvements [7][22]. - The current strong equity market limits the central bank's ability to loosen monetary policy without risking excessive capital flow into non-productive areas [7][22]. - The optimal monetary policy choice remains inward-focused, with no immediate need to follow the Fed's rate cuts, as domestic economic cycles are stabilizing [7][22].

Group 1 - The report discusses the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts on A-shares and Hong Kong stocks, indicating that the current environment is favorable for these markets due to improved dollar liquidity [1][4] - The report categorizes the Federal Reserve's rate cuts into two types: preventive rate cuts and crisis rate cuts, with different implications for asset performance [1][6] - Historical data shows that A-shares and Hong Kong stocks tend to benefit from preventive rate cuts, with a 100% probability of A-shares rising in the three months following such cuts [3][28] Group 2 - The report highlights that during the preventive rate cut cycles, global stock markets, including the Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng Index, generally experience upward trends [3][21] - It notes that the current bull market phase for A-shares is driven by several factors, including low penetration rates in key sectors such as AI, humanoid robots, solid-state batteries, and semiconductors [4][1] - The report emphasizes that the upcoming phases of rate cuts may lead to repeated trading expectations, which could further enhance the liquidity environment for A-shares and Hong Kong stocks [4][1]

Core Viewpoint - The overall market sentiment is neutral, with rubber prices experiencing a decline due to increased short selling and inventory accumulation expectations, alongside government stockpiling actions that indicate a miscalculation in market expectations regarding state reserves [4][5]. Macroeconomic Analysis - Historically, preemptive interest rate cuts tend to have a positive impact on rubber prices [12]. - The analysis of past interest rate cuts shows that they often lead to price increases, with notable examples indicating a potential rise of around 60% following such cuts [13]. Inventory Insights - Although total inventory is decreasing, the rate of decline for dark rubber is slowing, suggesting a potential shift towards inventory accumulation in the future [10][25]. - The market's perception of state reserves has been inaccurate, particularly regarding the availability of all-rubber stocks, which could negatively impact lighter rubber prices [19]. Production Factors - Weather conditions in the northeastern regions are expected to improve, but overall production has not shown significant growth, with potential typhoon impacts on domestic production [5][22]. - Current all-rubber production is anticipated to remain stable or slightly decrease compared to last year [22]. Currency Impact - The Thai Baht has been appreciating, leading to increased costs for rubber production, with a reported 5% increase compared to the same period last year [29]. Market Dynamics - The market is currently focused on the potential for short selling expectations to materialize in the near term, particularly in light of government stockpiling actions [7][10]. - The difference in inventory levels between mixed and standard rubber is expected to reflect a gradual increase, with mixed rubber supplies anticipated to rise post-October [14]. Structural Changes - The RU month difference structure is undergoing changes, with a notable strengthening expected in the RU1-5 month difference as the market approaches delivery periods [18].