证券研究报告｜数据点评 2025 年 4 月 16 日 一季度宏观数据解读：经济韧性较强 无惧市场风浪 核心观点： 外部关税壁垒升级虽然对出口形成短期压力，但国内政策组合拳发 力下，经济内生增长动能逐步增强，国内经济极具韧性，对全球经 济波动有较强的抵抗性，有利于吸引全球资产配置中国市场。另外， 通胀的整体回暖向好，表现了稳增长，扩内需政策逐步落地的有效 性，对市场预期有正向促进作用。 一、宏观政策组合拳发力生效，国内经济增速有韧性： 一季度财政政策靠前发力，政府债券发行提速。3 月新增政府债券 近 1.5 万亿元，同比多增近 1 万亿元。特别国债发行 5000 亿元补充 银行资本，预计撬动 4 万亿元信贷增量。货币政策保持合理宽松， M2 增速稳定维持在 7.0%，信贷结构也在持续优化，小微企业贷款、 绿色贷款等重点领域得到了更大力度的支持。 GDP 增速表现亮眼。一季度 GDP 同比增长 5.4%，这一成绩不仅高于 去年同期，更是在全球主要经济体中脱颖而出，展现出中国经济强 大的韧性和活力。工业增加值增长 6.5%，服务业增长 5.3%，固定资 产投资增长 4.2%，社会消费品零售总额增长 4.6%。3 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights the ongoing tariff disputes between the US and China, indicating a need for both countries to find a dynamic balance based on mutual interests amid escalating tensions [1][2] - It emphasizes that despite a 30% decline in China's exports to the US due to tariffs, the Chinese economy demonstrates resilience through domestic demand expansion, market diversification, and supply chain restructuring [2][4] - The future of China-US trade is expected to shift towards a "Global South" framework, compensating for short-term adjustments in trade relations [1][12] Summary by Sections 1. Quantitative Analysis of Tariff Impact - Tariffs have led to changes in trade volume and structure, with a projected 30% decline in actual trade scale when adjusted for inflation [4][5] - Three scenarios for future trade are outlined: optimistic (5%-7% annual growth), neutral (2%-3% annual decline), and pessimistic (10%-15% annual decline) [4][5] - The report notes that tariffs have accelerated the restructuring of global supply chains, with significant investments in Mexico and Southeast Asia to mitigate tariff impacts [5][8] 2. Economic Resilience of China - The contribution of exports to GDP has decreased from 11% in 2017 to 6% in 2024, with domestic consumption becoming the main growth driver [10][11] - China's self-sufficiency in semiconductors has improved from 15% in 2018 to 35% in 2024, showcasing advancements in technology and innovation [11] - Regional economic strategies, such as the Yangtze River Delta integration, have strengthened domestic supply chains and reduced reliance on foreign components [11] 3. Future Development Trends in China-US Trade - The report discusses the potential for a new trade system under the "Global South" framework, with significant increases in exports to ASEAN and other emerging markets [12][14] - It highlights the importance of coordinated monetary and trade policies to stabilize the economy and mitigate the effects of tariffs [14] - The ongoing tariff disputes are expected to lead to a cautious approach in future negotiations, with both sides seeking a new balance in trade relations [15][18]