宏 2025 年 10 月 13 日 中国宏观周报（2025 年 10 月第 1 周） 假期线下出行较热 证券分析师 平安观点： 观 报 告 宏 观 周 报 证 券 研 究 报 告 张璐 投资咨询资格编号 S1060522100001 ZHANGLU150@pingan.com.cn 常艺馨 投资咨询资格编号 S1060522080003 CHANGYIXIN050@pingan.com.cn 从高频数据观察，受十一假期扰动，月初部分工业品生产边际回落，新房 销售也有调整；不过，假期线下出行较热，港口集装箱吞吐量仍处高位， 上海和宁波出口运价回升，黑色原材料期货价格也有上涨。 1. 工业：十一假期扰动生产。1）原材料方面，本周日均铁水产量、水泥熟料 产能利用率、钢材表观需求边际回落；浮法玻璃开工率持平；部分化工品 开工率提升。2）中下游方面，本周纺织聚酯开工率、织造业开工率边际回 升；汽车全钢胎开工率、半钢胎开工率回落。 2. 地产：新房成交边际回落。1）销售方面，10 月以来（截至 10 日），30 大 中城市新房销售面积同比增长-28.7%，较上月回落，受假期天数增加的影 响，也有基数抬升的扰动。2）价格 ...

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI for September shows a slight recovery, indicating improved production activity, with the production index rising to 51.9% from 50.8% in the previous month [2][4][11]. Group 1: Production Strengthening - The overall PMI index for September is 49.8%, up from 49.4% in August, primarily driven by a rebound in production [4][9]. - The recovery in production is attributed to stronger performance in the midstream and downstream sectors, with the midstream equipment manufacturing PMI reaching 51.9% and the consumer goods PMI at 50.6% [4][9]. - Factors contributing to this recovery include inventory replenishment and strong external demand, as indicated by a global manufacturing PMI increase to 50.9% in August and a 7.3% year-on-year growth in port container throughput in September [4][9]. Group 2: Data Insights - The September manufacturing PMI is 49.8%, with specific indices showing: production index at 51.9%, new orders index at 49.7%, new export orders index at 47.8%, employment index at 48.5%, and raw material inventory index at 48.5% [2][11]. - The price index shows a decline, with the PMI output price index at 48.2%, continuing below the neutral line for 16 consecutive months [3][12]. - The construction sector's PMI is at 49.3%, indicating a slight increase from the previous month but still below last year's level, while the service sector remains in the expansion zone with a PMI of 50.1% [3][14]. Group 3: Expectations and Comprehensive Output - The manufacturing activity expectation index rose to 54.1% in September, reflecting increased confidence among businesses, particularly in sectors like food processing and automotive [3][14]. - The comprehensive PMI output index for September is 50.6%, indicating continued expansion in production activities across sectors [3][14].

Group 1: PMI Overview - The manufacturing PMI for September is 49.8%, an increase from the previous value of 49.4%[2] - The production index within the PMI rose to 51.9%, up 1.1 percentage points from 50.8%[4] - The new orders index is at 49.7%, slightly up from 49.5%[10] Group 2: Sector Performance - The midstream equipment manufacturing PMI reached 51.9%, significantly better than the previous 50.5%[4] - The consumer goods PMI improved to 50.6%, compared to 49.2% previously[4] - The construction industry PMI is at 49.3%, a 0.2 percentage point increase from last month but lower than last year's 50.7%[3] Group 3: Price and Inventory Trends - The PMI factory price index fell to 48.2%, down from 49.1%, marking 16 consecutive months below the boom-bust line[11] - The main raw materials purchase price index is at 53.2%, slightly down from 53.3%[11] - The finished goods inventory index increased to 48.2%, up 1.4 percentage points from the previous month[4] Group 4: Expectations and Future Outlook - The manufacturing activity expectation index rose to 54.1%, up from 53.7%[3] - The comprehensive PMI output index is at 50.6%, indicating continued expansion in production activities[10]

投资咨询业务资格： 证监许可[2011]1771号 9月份，由于进入传统旺季，企业生产经营活动加快，制造业采购经理指数、非制造业商务活 动指数和综合PMI产出指数分别为49.8%、50%和50.6%，比上月上升0.2、下降0.3和上升0.1 个百分点，三大指数整体有所回升且高于临界点，我国经济总体产出保持扩张。目前，国内 投资方面，房地产销售有所放缓，房企资金来源有所恶化，且投资端政策受限，房地产投资仍 旧偏弱；基建投资继续放缓，虽然专项债发行加快，但资金到位较慢，基础设施项目建设施工 进度整体较慢；制造业投资继续放缓；由于国外需求保持韧性但国内需求偏弱，制造业企业短 期补库动力有所下降，整体处于被动补库阶段。消费端增长速度有所放缓，但对经济的拉动作 用仍然较强。出口由于外部冲击缓和以及外需回暖，出口整体保持韧性，但未来随着美国补库 需求减弱出口增速或仍将放缓，出口对经济的拉动作用预计在四季度逐步减弱。整体来看，在 需求端，外需短期有所加快、内需短期回暖但仍旧偏弱，需求整体有所改善。在生产方面，由 于国内进入旺季以及外需回升，工业生产增速明显加快；预计四季度随着美国补库减弱，但内 需政策刺激对总需求形成支撑， ...

Consumption - Automotive retail and wholesale volumes continue to rise, but year-on-year growth has marginally declined due to the low base effect from the Mid-Autumn Festival[6] - Service consumption has weakened, particularly in urban areas affected by typhoon weather, leading to a significant drop in subway ridership in first-tier cities[7] - Food and beverage prices have shown a slight recovery, with agricultural product wholesale prices increasing, but the year-on-year decline continues to widen due to high base effects from 2024[6] Investment - As of September 27, 2025, the cumulative issuance of special bonds reached CNY 3.71 trillion, with CNY 446.52 billion issued in September alone, marking the fastest issuance pace since 2020[19] - Real estate sales have seen a slight seasonal improvement, but the absolute values remain at historical lows, with new home sales in 30 cities showing a marginal year-on-year decline[19] - The asphalt construction rate has risen significantly, reaching a yearly high, while cement and steel consumption indicate slower construction progress[19] Trade and Export - Domestic export freight rates have decreased by 2.9% month-on-month, with container freight rates from Shanghai and Ningbo dropping by 7% and 8.5% respectively[27] - The manufacturing PMI readings for the US and Europe in September were 52.0 and 49.5, indicating a slight decline in overseas manufacturing activity, which may weaken demand for imports from China[27] Production and Inventory - Most industries are experiencing a decline in production, with coal consumption in coastal provinces showing a seasonal decrease[29] - Inventory levels are primarily decreasing, with significant reductions in coal inventories at ports due to increased downstream purchasing ahead of the holiday[37] Price Trends - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) has shown a slight recovery, with service prices in transportation, education, and healthcare increasing year-on-year, while clothing and housing prices have declined[42] - Industrial product prices are mixed, with the South China price index falling by 0.3% month-on-month, while cement prices increased by 2.5%[42] Liquidity - The central bank's net cash injection through reverse repos was CNY 640.6 billion last week, with an additional CNY 300 billion in medium-term lending facility (MLF) operations, totaling CNY 880.6 billion to support liquidity[44] - The US dollar index has risen significantly, reflecting a stronger US economy and impacting the USD/CNY exchange rate, which increased from 7.1125 to 7.1345[44]

证券研究报告 固收视角 沥青开工率上行，工业商品价格上涨 华泰研究 2025 年 9 月 29 日│中国内地 张继强 吴宇航* 研究员 SAC No. S0570518110002 SFC No. AMB145 zhangjiqiang@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 研究员 SAC No. S0570521090004 wuyuhang@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 吴靖*，PhD 研究员 SAC No. S0570523070006 wujing018437@htsc.com 李梓豪* 联系人 SAC No. S0570124060040 lizihao@htsc.com +(86) 21 2897 2228 高频数据核心观点 1）出行：出行热度有所分化。地铁出行有所下行，拥堵延时指数有所上行；航班执飞率低于去年同期水平。 2）商品消费：汽车消费热度基本持平；纺织消费有所修复；快递揽收高位运行。 3）旅游数据：国庆假期出行人流量或创历史新高，各平台相关预定数据延续高增长，新型旅游与跨境游上升明显， 消费与价格亦有走高迹象。 2、地产：地产成交表现分化，房价 ...

Group 1 - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period (2021-2025) has shown strong resilience in China's macroeconomic performance despite facing complex internal and external challenges, with nominal GDP expected to exceed 140 trillion yuan by the end of this period, an increase of over 35 trillion yuan compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [3][4][5] - During the first four years of the "14th Five-Year Plan," China's GDP experienced an average annual real growth rate of 5.5% and a nominal growth rate of 6.9%, with the nominal GDP growth rate projected to be around 4.5% for the entire year of 2025 [3][5][6] - The economic growth achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" have laid a solid material foundation for modernizing the economy and have provided strong support for stabilizing employment and improving people's livelihoods [4][5] Group 2 - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period (2026-2030) is crucial for achieving the strategic vision of reaching a per capita GDP level of a moderately developed country by 2035, with a minimum nominal GDP average growth rate requirement of 5% [9][10][14] - The core guiding principle for economic growth in the "15th Five-Year Plan" is to achieve a per capita GDP of 27,000 USD by 2035, reflecting a shift from focusing on total GDP growth to per capita income improvement [10][12][14] - To meet the 2035 target, the nominal GDP growth rate during the "15th Five-Year Plan" should ideally be around 6%, with a minimum requirement of 5%, depending on factors such as actual GDP growth, price levels, and exchange rate fluctuations [14][16][18] Group 3 - The "15th Five-Year Plan" should consider setting clear economic growth targets to address demand insufficiency and promote supply-demand balance, which is essential for achieving full employment and improving living standards [19][20] - A comprehensive target system around nominal GDP growth should be established, including a core target of 5% nominal GDP growth and 4.8% real GDP growth, alongside specific goals for consumption and investment growth [21][22][23] - Policies should focus on expanding domestic demand, particularly through boosting consumption and stabilizing infrastructure investment, to ensure necessary growth rates are met [23][25][26]

Industrial Sector - Daily average pig iron production increased, and Shandong's independent refineries' operating rates improved[2] - Cement clinker capacity utilization rate and petroleum asphalt operating rates showed marginal declines[2] - Polyester operating rates remained stable, while tire production rates for both radial and semi-radial tires increased[2] Real Estate - New home sales in 30 major cities increased by 37.6% year-on-year as of September 19, 2025, significantly up from the previous week[2] - The average selling price index for second-hand homes decreased by 0.69% in the last four weeks as of September 8, 2025[2] Domestic Demand - Movie box office revenue averaged 118.63 million yuan per day, up 58.6% year-on-year as of September 19, 2025[2] - Retail sales of major home appliances grew by 5.3% year-on-year, an increase of 0.7 percentage points from the previous week[2] - Domestic flight operations increased by 5.6% year-on-year, with a notable rise in execution rates[2] External Demand - Port cargo throughput increased by 7.3% year-on-year, while container throughput rose by 10.9% as of September 14, 2025[2] - South Korea's export value grew by 3.8% year-on-year in the first ten days of September, up 2.5 percentage points from August[2] Price Trends - The Nanhua Industrial Price Index rose by 1.0%, with the black raw materials index increasing by 3.1%[2] - Rebar futures closed up 1.4%, while spot prices increased by 0.7%[2] - Coking coal futures rose by 7.6%, with Shanxi coking coal spot prices up by 2.8%[2]

Economic Overview - In August, China's exports increased by 4.8% year-on-year, marking six consecutive months of positive growth in monthly exports [2] - The total retail sales of consumer goods grew by 3.4% year-on-year, with a declining growth rate for three consecutive months [2] - Fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) saw a year-on-year increase of 0.5% in the first eight months, a decline of 1.1 percentage points compared to the previous seven months [2] Trade Performance - The total value of imports and exports in the first eight months increased by 3.5% year-on-year, with exports rising by 6.9% [5] - Exports of mechanical and electrical products reached 10.6 trillion yuan, growing by 9.2% and accounting for 60.2% of total exports [5] - ASEAN became China's largest trading partner, with trade totaling 4.93 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.7% [5] Consumer and Investment Trends - Retail sales growth declined from 6.4% in May to 3.4% in August, with restaurant revenue showing negative growth in some months [8] - Fixed asset investment growth fell from 4.2% in the first quarter to 0.5% in the first eight months, with private investment in real estate down by 16.7% [9] - The decline in investment is attributed to reduced real estate development, impacting overall investment growth [9] Policy Implications - Analysts suggest that to stimulate consumption, policies should focus on increasing employment and residents' income [2][4] - There is a call for significant expansion of government public product investment to boost infrastructure and improve overall economic conditions [10] - The government is expected to introduce new macroeconomic measures in the fourth quarter to stabilize economic growth and employment [4]

Industrial Production - China's industrial production shows marginal stabilization with daily average pig iron output and cement clinker capacity utilization rates increasing[2] - The operating rates for asphalt and most chemical products have rebounded, while only steel and construction materials show slight adjustments in output and apparent demand[2] - The textile and polyester operating rates have seasonally increased, along with the operating rates for both radial and bias tires[2] Real Estate - New home sales in 30 major cities increased by 7.2% year-on-year as of September 12, with a 5.7 percentage point increase from the previous week[2] - The new home sales area in these cities has shown a 9.8% year-on-year growth since September, reversing from negative growth last month[2] - The listing price index for second-hand homes decreased by 0.59% month-on-month as of September 1[2] Domestic Demand - Movie box office revenue continues to outperform last year's figures, with a 41.0% year-on-year increase in daily average revenue of 51.14 million yuan as of September 12[2] - Domestic flight operations increased by 3.9% year-on-year, with a 4.5 percentage point increase from the previous week[2] - The volume of postal express deliveries grew by 11.0% year-on-year, although this was a slight decline of 1.1 percentage points from the previous week[2] External Demand - Port cargo throughput increased by 5.8% year-on-year, while container throughput rose by 10.5% year-on-year as of September 7[2] - The export container freight rate index decreased by 2.1% week-on-week, with Shanghai and Ningbo's export container rates also declining[2] - South Korea's export value increased by 3.8% year-on-year in the first ten days of September, a 2.5 percentage point increase from August[2] Price Trends - The Nanhua Industrial Index fell by 0.5%, while the Nanhua Black Materials Index and Nanhua Nonferrous Metals Index rose by 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively[2] - Rebar futures closed down by 0.5%, with spot prices also decreasing by 0.4%[2] - Coking coal futures dropped by 1.2%, and Shanxi coking coal spot prices fell by 1.4%[2]