本质上，空乘这个职位的要求，是能够得到机舱各处的身高，是达标的游泳水平（紧急迫降时需要）和体能素质，是一系列高空作业的应急反 应能力，而不直接与性别和婚育挂钩。 有人表示肯定，理由是"妈妈简直是世界上最坚忍的人 没什么难缠的旅客是搞不定的"，也有人对这个称谓表示质疑："还以为是招聘员工家属呢""为什么 要区分空姐和空嫂，难道空少结婚后要叫空夫了吗？""结婚了的女性，天生就是照顾人的命么？" 根据春秋航空招聘负责人的公开回应，"空嫂"一词在业内由来已久，主要是为了和未婚未育的应聘者区分；有着丰富人生阅历的空嫂，具备亲和力等优 势，尤其擅长照顾儿童，还是"知心大姐"。 （图/《冲上云霄》） 这几年，关于民航业女性从业者的讨论不绝于耳，人们为湖南航空的空姐换下高跟鞋、穿上平底鞋的改变而叫好，也为山东航空鼓励空乘"可以自己决定 穿什么"而感到高兴。如今的"空嫂"争议，正是当代社会观念持续变化的一个缩影。 01 因此，我们在飞机上认为一个空服人员做得好的时候，可以想一想，这种耐心和服务质量，是长期专业化培训和实践的成果，而不是个人婚育 经历带来的"加分项"。 坐飞机时遇到已婚已育的女性空乘，要叫空姐还是空嫂？网友们为了 ...

此外，春秋航空（601021.SH）、海航控股（600221.SH）、吉祥航空（603885.SH）、 厦门航空、四川航空、深圳航空和山东航空7家航司均发布了涉日本航线免费退改政策。据 《中国经营报》记者统计，截至发稿，已有10家航司发布赴日航班退改政策。 日本一直是中国游客出境最重要的目的地之一，近日中国外交部发布提醒中国公民近期避免 前往日本后，多家航司发布涉日本机票免费退改政策。 中国外交部11月14日在其官方网站发布提醒称，今年以来，日本社会治安不靖，针对中国 公民违法犯罪案件多发，发生多起在日中国公民遇袭事件，部分案件迄未侦破，中国公民在 日本安全环境持续恶化。近日，日本领导人公然发表涉台露骨挑衅言论，严重恶化中日人员 交流氛围，给在日中国公民人身和生命安全带来重大风险。 上述提醒发出后，中国各大航空公司陆续推出退改政策。 中国国际航空公司（以下简称"中国国航"，601111.SH）11月15日发布方案显示，对于 11月15日12时（含）前购买或换开产生新票号的国航999开头的客票且客票未使用行程涉 及旅行日期为2025年11月15日（含）至2025年12月31日（含）之间东京、大阪、名古 图说：1 ...

证券之星消息，11月17日航空机场板块较上一交易日下跌0.89%，春秋航空领跌。当日上证指数报收于 3972.03，下跌0.46%。深证成指报收于13202.0，下跌0.11%。航空机场板块个股涨跌见下表： 从资金流向上来看，当日航空机场板块主力资金净流出1.78亿元，游资资金净流出1.31亿元，散户资金净 流入3.09亿元。航空机场板块个股资金流向见下表： | 代码 | 名称 | 主力净流入(元) | 主力净占比 游资净流入(元) | | 游资净占比 散户净流入(元) | | 散户净占比 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 600029 | 南方航空 | 3849.73万 | 6.93% | -2052.54万 | -3.70% | -1797.19万 | -3.24% | | 601021 | 春秋航空 | 2833.16万 | 3.60% | -7820.84万 | -9.93% | 4987.68万 | 6.34% | | 600115 | 中国东航 | 2459.30万 | 2.55% | -460.98万 | -0.48% | ...

Core Viewpoint - The aviation industry is experiencing a continuous digestion of existing supply, with aircraft utilization rates exceeding 2019 levels during peak season, indicating a potential slowdown in supply growth in the future. The significant increase in international routes and limited domestic capacity growth suggest an optimization of the domestic competitive landscape, with high passenger load factors likely to improve ticket prices. Favorable oil prices and exchange rates are expected to lead to a "not-so-slow" trend in Q4, with a significant reduction in losses anticipated for the aviation industry by Q4 2025 and a release of profit elasticity in 2026 [1]. Group 1: Flight and Passenger Volume - Flight and passenger volume growth: In Q3 2025, overall, domestic, international, and regional flight volumes increased by 3%/2%/12%/7% year-on-year, while overall, domestic, international, and regional passenger volumes grew by 3.90%/2.84%/15.31%/-2.37% year-on-year [1]. - Airlines' capacity deployment: Except for Juneyao Airlines, overall capacity investment increased, focusing on international routes. In Q3 2025, ASK (Available Seat Kilometers) for major airlines showed year-on-year growth of 1.9%/5.7%/6.0%/4.4%/14.1%/-1.4% [2]. - Passenger turnover growth outpaced available seat kilometers growth, with load factors remaining high. In Q3 2025, passenger turnover for major airlines increased by 3.6%/6.2%/8.9%/4.2%/14.0%/-0.4% year-on-year, with industry load factors for July to September averaging 84.5%/87.5%/86.3%, up 0.5/0.6/2.4 percentage points year-on-year [2]. Group 2: Revenue and Cost Analysis - Revenue growth driven by capacity increase and passenger volume: In Q3 2025, total operating revenue for major airlines grew by 0.9%/3.0%/3.1%/1.8%/6.0%/-1.9% year-on-year [3]. - Decrease in oil prices alleviated fuel costs, while capacity investment diluted fixed costs, although variable costs increased. In Q3 2025, operating costs for major airlines increased by 0.07%/1.63%/1.51%/-1.43%/8.74%/-0.46% year-on-year [3]. - Revenue per available seat kilometer decreased, but the decline in costs was generally greater than the decline in revenue. In Q3 2025, revenue per available seat kilometer for major airlines decreased by 1.03%/2.55%/2.72%/2.41%/7.09%/0.47%/5.28%, while costs decreased by 1.84%/3.86%/4.26%/5.54%/4.70%/8.21% [3]. Group 3: Profitability and Market Outlook - Favorable oil prices and exchange rates positively impacted net profits. In Q3 2025, the average price of aviation kerosene was 5593 RMB/ton, down 11.05% year-on-year, and the USD/CNY exchange rate decreased by 0.74%, affecting net profits of major airlines [4]. - Slightly better-than-expected net profits for China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. In Q3 2025, net profits for major airlines were 36.76/38.40/35.34/27.88/11.67/5.84/3.69 billion RMB, with year-on-year growth rates of -11.31%/+20.26%/34.37%/-0.75%/-6.17%/-25.29%/+31.60% [4]. Group 4: Investment Recommendations - Investment themes include performance elasticity from ticket price increases, recommending major airlines with larger fleets and strong cyclical attributes, as well as Hainan Airlines benefiting from policy advantages and Juneyao Airlines with optimal route networks among private carriers [5]. - Emphasis on the certainty of operational performance, recommending airlines with stable subsidies like China Express Airlines and those with clear cost advantages and neutral exchange rate exposure like Spring Airlines [5].

Market Reaction - The Nikkei 225 index opened with a significant drop, falling over 1% and breaching the 50,000 points mark before narrowing its losses by around 9:50 AM [1] - Several consumer stocks in Japan experienced substantial declines, with FOOD&LIFE COMPANIES down over 14%, Japanese electronics down over 11%, and Shiseido down over 9% [3] Economic Data - Japan's Cabinet Office reported a 1.8% year-on-year decline in real GDP for the third quarter, marking the first negative growth in six quarters [3] - The actual GDP for the third quarter decreased by 0.4% compared to the previous quarter [3] Diplomatic Tensions - High-ranking Japanese officials made provocative statements regarding Taiwan, suggesting potential military involvement, which has drawn significant criticism from China and the international community [3] - The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued travel warnings for its citizens in Japan, citing a rise in crimes against Chinese nationals and a deteriorating security environment [5] Airline Industry Impact - Following the travel warnings, major Chinese airlines announced flexible ticket policies for flights to Japan, allowing free changes and refunds for tickets purchased before November 15 [7][8] - Chinese airlines account for approximately 80% of the flight volume on the China-Japan route, with a significant reduction in weekly flights observed [9] Tourism Statistics - In September 2025, foreign visitors to Japan reached 3.267 million, a 13.7% increase year-on-year, with Chinese tourists being the largest group [9] - In the first three quarters of this year, the number of Chinese tourists visiting Japan increased by 42.7%, making China the largest source of inbound tourism for Japan [9] Trade Relations - China remains Japan's largest trading partner, with a total trade volume of $308.3 billion expected in 2024, including $156.25 billion in imports from China [10] - The deterioration of Japan-China relations is anticipated to have negative repercussions for the Japanese populace, as highlighted by Japanese officials [10]

Summary of the Investor Presentation on HK/China Transportation Industry Overview - **Industry Focus**: The presentation covers the transportation sector in Hong Kong and China, specifically focusing on airlines, shipping, and express delivery [1][6]. Airlines - **Market Outlook**: The outlook for Chinese airlines remains bullish, driven by a supply-driven upcycle. Business demand is gradually recovering, with summer weaknesses fading [2][73]. - **Pricing Dynamics**: There is a closing pricing inflection due to continuous improvements in Passenger Load Factor (PLF) and a consensus among airlines against anti-involution practices [2][69]. - **Key Picks**: - Top pick: Air China-H (0753.HK) - Other recommendations: China Eastern Airlines-H (0670.HK), China Southern Airlines-H (1055.HK), Spring Airlines (601021.SS) [2][73]. - **Performance Metrics**: - 3Q25 total Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RPK) grew by 6.3% YoY, reaching +23% compared to 2019 levels [12][14]. - Domestic PLF improved to 89.4% in October, up by 4.1 percentage points YoY [28][69]. - Business route passenger growth recovered to 5.9% in October from approximately 3% during the summer [24][69]. Shipping - **Geopolitical Influences**: Geopolitical dynamics are significant factors affecting the shipping industry. VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) rates have reached new highs due to increased demand for "legitimate tankers" [3][80]. - **Tanker Market**: The tanker upcycle is expected to continue, with limited VLCC deliveries until the second half of 2026 [80][84]. - **Container Shipping Outlook**: The outlook for container shipping remains uncertain due to oversupply and disruptions from global trade frictions. The container ship orderbook/fleet ratio is at 32%, indicating high supply pressure [3][115][118]. Express Delivery - **Market Trends**: The express delivery industry is experiencing decelerated volume growth, with smaller players losing market share amid anti-involution initiatives. Leading players are consolidating and acquiring a majority of segment profits [4][125][127]. - **Key Players**: ZTO (ZTO.N) and YTO (600233.SS) are highlighted as market share leaders, while concerns remain for smaller players like Yunda (002120.SZ) due to sustained profit pressure [9][130]. Additional Insights - **Inbound Travel Recovery**: International demand growth for airlines remains robust, with total international capacity recovering to approximately 85% of 2019 levels, and that operated by Chinese airlines reaching about 105% [29][31]. - **Profitability Metrics**: The correlation between load factors and margins suggests that improved PLFs will support higher profitability for airlines [70][72]. - **Market Consolidation**: The express delivery market is consolidating, with leading players benefiting from anti-involution measures, while smaller players struggle to maintain market share [125][127]. This summary encapsulates the key insights and metrics from the investor presentation, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and outlook of the transportation sector in Hong Kong and China.

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight (Maintain)" [2] Core Viewpoints - The supply-demand pattern continues to improve, signaling the start of an upward cycle for the aviation industry. In Q3 2025, the industry's existing supply is being continuously digested, with peak season aircraft utilization exceeding that of 2019, indicating a potential slowdown in future supply growth. Additionally, significant investment in international routes and limited growth in domestic capacity suggest an optimization of the domestic competitive landscape, with high passenger load factors likely leading to improved ticket prices. Currently, favorable oil prices and exchange rates are expected to create a "not-so-slow" trend in Q4, with the industry likely to significantly reduce losses and release profit elasticity in 2026 [3][45]. Summary by Sections Industry Performance - In Q3 2025, overall flight volume increased by 3% year-on-year, with domestic and international flight volumes growing by 2% and 12%, respectively. Passenger volume also rose by 3.90% overall, with domestic and international passenger volumes increasing by 2.84% and 15.31% [3][12][19]. - The aircraft utilization rate has improved year-on-year, with the industry achieving an average utilization of 10 hours in July and August, exceeding the same period in 2019 by 3% and 4% [3][26]. Financial Performance - In Q3 2025, the total operating revenue for major airlines increased year-on-year, with China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and others showing growth rates of 3.0%, 3.1%, and 1.8%, respectively. However, the operating costs for most airlines also increased, with China Southern and China Eastern slightly exceeding expectations [3][35][41]. - The average price of aviation kerosene in Q3 2025 was 5593 RMB/ton, a decrease of 11.05% year-on-year, contributing to lower operational costs for airlines [3][41]. Investment Recommendations - The investment focus is on two main lines: 1. The performance elasticity brought by rising ticket prices, recommending major airlines with larger fleets and strong cyclical attributes, as well as Hainan Airlines benefiting from specific policies, and the privately-owned airline with the best route network, Juneyao Airlines [3][45]. 2. The certainty of operational performance, recommending Huaxia Airlines with stable subsidies and Spring Airlines, which has clear cost advantages and neutral exchange rate exposure [3][45].

Core Viewpoint - Multiple Chinese airlines have announced special handling policies for tickets related to flights to Japan due to recent travel advisories from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Chinese embassies in Japan, urging citizens to avoid travel to Japan and to enhance safety awareness [1][2]. Group 1: Applicable Conditions - The special handling policies apply to tickets purchased or exchanged before 12:00 on November 15, 2025, with travel dates between November 15, 2025, and December 31, 2025, for flights to and from various Japanese cities [2][7][9][11][13][21][25][27]. Group 2: Ticket Change and Refund Rules - For ticket changes, the first change is free of charge, but fare differences may apply. Subsequent changes must adhere to the original ticket conditions [4][6][10][12][18][22][26]. - Refunds for unused segments are allowed without a refund fee, but previously changed tickets will follow the original ticket conditions for refunds [5][12][19][22][26]. - If passengers wish to change the itinerary or carrier, it is recommended to refund the original ticket and purchase a new one [6][10][12][18][22][26]. Group 3: Specific Airline Policies - China National Airlines, Southern Airlines, Eastern Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, Hainan Airlines, Spring Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Xiamen Airlines, and Shandong Airlines have all issued similar policies regarding ticket changes and refunds for flights to Japan [2][7][9][11][13][21][25][27].

Core Points - The company reported no new aircraft additions in October 2025, maintaining a fleet of 134 Airbus A320 series aircraft [1] - New routes added in October include Shanghai Hongqiao to Dali, Shanghai Hongqiao to Lanzhou to Altay, Shanghai Pudong to Lanzhou to Hotan, Lanzhou to Chiang Mai, Chengdu Tianfu to Altay, Dalian to Yantai, and Shenyang to Dongying to Fuzhou [1] - The operational data for the month shows significant variations in available ton-kilometers and available cargo ton-kilometers due to updates in standard data for available seat capacity [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has advised citizens to avoid traveling to Japan, prompting several Chinese airlines to implement special ticket handling policies for flights to Japan until December 31, 2025 [1][2][3]. Group 1: Airline Responses - China Southern Airlines (CZ) has announced that tickets purchased or exchanged before November 15, 2025, for flights to Japan between November 15 and December 31, 2025, can be changed or refunded without fees [4][5][6]. - Hainan Airlines has established similar policies for tickets issued before November 15, 2025, allowing changes and refunds for flights to Japan during the same period [9][10][12]. - Xiamen Airlines has also implemented a no-fee policy for ticket changes and refunds for flights to Japan, applicable to tickets purchased before November 15, 2025 [14][15]. - Shenzhen Airlines has set forth rules allowing for fee-free changes and refunds for tickets purchased before November 15, 2025, for flights to Japan [16][17]. Group 2: Special Ticket Handling Rules - For all airlines, the special handling rules apply to tickets that have not been used and involve travel dates from November 15 to December 31, 2025 [4][9][14]. - Changes to tickets can be made without a fee for the first change, but any subsequent changes will follow the original ticket conditions [5][10][17]. - Refunds can be requested without incurring a fee, provided the ticket is still valid and has not been partially used [6][10][17].