2025 年 4 月 PMI 点评 4 月 PMI：盘点冲击信号 2025 年 04 月 30 日 邮箱：taochuan@mszq.com 邮箱：zhongyumei@mszq.com 与此同时，4 月进口也受到较大冲击。4 月 PMI 进口指数环比降幅达 4.1pct，这 一降幅为 2020 年 5 月以来的最大降幅，同时也超过了"贸易冲突 1.0"时期 2.6pct 的最大降幅。 ➢ 维度二（间接影响）：供需两端同步放缓。4 月代表内需的 PMI 新订单指数 为 49.2%（环比-2.6pct），代表生产的 PMI 生产指数为 49.8%（环比-2.8pct）。 两个指标同时降至荣枯线之下，成为 4 月制造业 PMI 的两大拖累项，外部风险 的加剧对国内产需也造成一定负面影响。 ➢ 维度三（企业行为影响）：主动去库后的价格下跌。随着需求的走弱，企业 面对未来不确定性，更倾向于通过降价等方式加快对库存的"清理"，4 月 PMI 产成品库存指数下降 0.7pct 至 47.3%、同时 PMI 生产经营预期指数下降 1.7pct 均佐证了这一点。外部冲击下企业的主动去库行为导致 4 月 PMI 出厂价格指数 ...

Market Overview - Global markets showed mixed performance with the Hang Seng Index closing at 22,008, up 0.16% year-to-date increase of 29.10% [1] - The US markets continued to rebound, with the Dow Jones up 0.75% and the S&P 500 up 0.58%, reflecting a year-to-date increase of 7.53% and 16.58% respectively [1][3] Industry Insights - The equipment manufacturing sector reported Q1 2025 earnings, with SANY Heavy Industry exceeding expectations with a 56% year-on-year profit increase, driven by an 18% revenue growth [4] - The pharmaceutical company WuXi AppTec reported a strong Q1 2025, with revenue up 21% to 9.65 billion yuan and a non-IFRS net profit increase of 40% to 2.68 billion yuan [4][6] - Mindray Medical's revenue for 2024 was 36.7 billion yuan, a 5.1% increase, but faced challenges in the domestic market with a 12.1% decline in Q1 2025 revenue [7][8] Company Analysis - WuXi AppTec maintained its full-year guidance despite macro uncertainties, expecting a 10-15% revenue growth in its continuing operations for 2025 [4][6] - Mindray Medical's overseas revenue grew by 21.3% in 2024, accounting for 44.7% of total revenue, indicating strong international market performance [7] - Luckin Coffee reported a 41% year-on-year sales increase in Q1 2025, driven by strong same-store sales growth and rapid store expansion [11][12] Investment Ratings - SANY Heavy Industry is rated as a "Buy" with a focus on its excavator business cycle and overseas growth potential [4] - WuXi AppTec is also rated as a "Buy," with a target price of 77.22 yuan, reflecting confidence in its growth despite external challenges [6] - Mindray Medical is rated as a "Buy," with a target price of 249.19 yuan, anticipating recovery in domestic sales in the latter half of 2025 [8]

0:00 针对美国滥施关税，有不少美国专家认为这会对供应链带来冲击。更有美国物流业从业者表示，进口减少会对货运量以及物流岗位带来巨大影响。 美国消费者与商业新闻频道主持人 吉姆·克拉默：这些关税是政府强加的，会冲击供应链。 彭博新闻社财经专家布伦丹·默里认为，无论是沃尔玛、塔吉特这样的大型零售商还是小型公司，都难以承受145%的进口关税，这会直接导致订单量的锐减 甚至消失。 彭博新闻社财经专家 布伦丹·默里：沃尔玛、塔吉特这样的大型零售商，以及其他小型公司，都认为承担不起从中国进口商品加征的145%关税，这比他们可 以承担的两倍还要多。我们可以预见，几周之后，如果订单没了，美国的港口货物量将减少，美国的商品库存也会减少。（美国商贸）体系没法应对货物量 的大幅降低。 此外，有美国物流业从业者表示，进口活动的停止不仅会使货运业遭遇重创，对就业岗位也会带来巨大冲击。 美国"货运浪潮"公司首席执行官 克雷格·富勒：（关税）会带来非常非常严重的后果，很快会对美国国内经济带来冲击。在两到四周内，我们的货运业会遭 受重创，或许总的货运量会下降6%，因为我们进口活动停止了。美国全国范围内，有900万人从事物流业，所有这些岗位 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that when exchange rate fluctuations cannot absorb tariff impacts, costs will increase [1] Group 2 - The statement highlights the relationship between currency movements and tariff effects, indicating that inadequate exchange rate adjustments lead to higher operational costs for companies [1]

Market Overview - Global markets showed mixed performance with the Hang Seng Index closing at 21,972, down 0.04% for the day but up 28.89% year-to-date [1] - The A-share market experienced a slight decline, with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.20% and the Shenzhen Composite Index down 0.93% [3] - Southbound capital recorded a net inflow of HKD 2.03 billion [3] Company Analysis BYD Electronics (285 HK) - The company reported flat earnings for Q1 2025, primarily due to weak demand for high-end smartphones and potential tariff impacts on Apple’s assembly business [4] - The gross profit margin improved by 0.4 percentage points to 6.3% quarter-on-quarter, but decreased by 0.6 percentage points year-on-year [4] - Management maintains a positive outlook for 2025, citing growth in Apple assembly, stable Android business, strong automotive demand, and growth in servers/robots [4] Wentech Technology (600745 CH) - The company’s revenue decreased by 19.4% year-on-year to RMB 13.1 billion, but net profit surged by 82.3% to RMB 261 million [5] - The gross margin recovered to 14.0%, indicating resilience in the semiconductor business [5] - The company is transitioning to focus on semiconductor business after divesting its ODM operations, which is expected to drive future growth [5] Li Ning (2331 HK) - Retail sales growth deteriorated in April 2025, with management noting a decline in offline channels due to adverse weather and a challenging macro environment [6][7] - Despite the challenges, the company maintains its full-year guidance, expecting stable sales growth and high single-digit net profit margins [6] - The company’s Q1 retail sales growth was in line with expectations, with online channels performing strongly [7] China Pacific Insurance (2601 HK) - The company reported a 39% year-on-year increase in new business value for Q1 2025, exceeding expectations [11][12] - However, the group’s net profit fell by 18.1% to RMB 9.63 billion, primarily due to declines in bond fair value and mismatches in yield curves [11] - The management expects operational profit to maintain low single-digit growth for the year, supported by business transformation [13] Zhejiang Dingli (603338 CH) - The company’s EBIT grew by only 2% year-on-year to RMB 440 million, with net profit increasing by 42% due to non-operating income [10] - The company faces challenges from unpredictable U.S. tariff policies, which may impact demand for its products in the U.S. market [10] - The target price remains at RMB 44, reflecting a cautious outlook on profitability [10] 康方生物 (9926 HK) - The company continues to show promise with its drug AK112, which has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials against competitors [9][10] - The ongoing trials in overseas markets are expected to yield significant data, enhancing the drug's potential for approval and market entry [9][10] - The target price for 康方生物 is set at HKD 108.03, maintaining a buy rating based on the drug's promising results [10]

复盘历史可知，全球范围内的大规模加征关税会对全球贸易造成显著冲击。 1929年后，全球经济渐次步入衰退。在此情形下，保护本国就业，让农民免受外国竞争的影响，成为美国政府的首要目标。基于此，胡佛政府推动关税法案 自1929年起在国会开启听证与投票程序，历经一番过程，《斯穆特-霍利关税法案》最终于1930年6月正式落地。 《斯穆特-霍利关税法案》将美国超过两万种进口商品的关税大幅提高，其关税水平跃至历史第二高，仅次于1828年的关税水平。关税法案出台后，美国主 要贸易伙伴迅速做出反应，英国、加拿大、日本等国纷纷采取相关反制措施。在这些举措的共同作用下，美国与各主要贸易伙伴之间的双边贸易额均大幅下 滑。与此同时，全球贸易额也呈现持续收缩的态势，国际贸易环境急剧恶化。 从关税法案的具体影响来看，1929—1933年，全球贸易额减少了29.7%，且在关税法案出台的10年后全球贸易额仍未修复到1929年的水平。主要贸易伙伴方 面，1929—1933年，美国从加拿大、德国、英国和日本等国家的进口额均减少超过50%，其间对这些国家的出口额也至少缩减30%。直到1934年，民主党政 府颁布了《互惠贸易协定法》，允许总统在未经国 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the impact of tariff increases on businesses, highlighting the financial challenges they face, such as funding shortages and trade friction, prompting financial institutions to adapt their strategies [1][2]. Group 1: Financial Institutions' Responses - Financial institutions are implementing dynamic credit strategies to address the varying risk exposures across different industries and companies, moving away from traditional risk assessment models [1][2]. - A bank has developed a "tariff shock stress test model" that integrates customs data, industry chain maps, and exchange rate fluctuation models to adjust credit limits and enhance management [1]. - Some banks are offering specialized credit products and services to support foreign trade enterprises, ensuring they do not withdraw or reduce loans abruptly [3]. Group 2: Credit Strategy Adjustments - Banks are adjusting credit limits and pricing based on macroeconomic conditions and the creditworthiness of clients, with a focus on dynamic management of credit assets [2]. - Recommendations for banks include analyzing existing credit assets, adjusting risk limits, and providing support to affected enterprises through flexible repayment arrangements and new tax policies [2][4]. - New loans should incorporate the impacts of tariff wars into risk assessments, with an emphasis on introducing insurance and risk-sharing mechanisms [2][6]. Group 3: Support for Affected Industries - The Shanghai University of Finance and Economics suggests providing financial support, such as low-interest loans and export credits, to key industries heavily impacted by tariffs, like furniture and toys [4]. - There is a call for banks to offer supply chain financial services to alleviate pressures on upstream suppliers and enhance cash flow management for affected businesses [6]. - The focus on high-tech and innovative sectors is emphasized, with banks encouraged to provide specialized loans based on intellectual property and R&D investments [6][7]. Group 4: Strategic Collaborations - A collaboration between banks and insurance companies aims to create a comprehensive financial service plan for private technology enterprises, facilitating their growth from R&D to market entry [7]. - The article notes that the increase in tariffs may lead Chinese companies to abandon low-price strategies, potentially benefiting high-end equipment industries [7]. - The shift towards high-end, intelligent, and green manufacturing is highlighted as a key trend, with high-end equipment being a crucial driver for economic development [7].

特朗普关税引爆连锁反应，价格飙升正在席卷美国市场。周一，美股期货开盘走低，市场担忧涨价潮将导致消费需求萎缩和通胀压力上升的双重打击。 亚马逊近千种商品平均涨价29%，而Shein美容和健康类商品中排名前100的产品平均涨价51%，部分品类商品价格暴涨高达377%。 这波价格调整不仅影响在 线零售商，还波及宝洁、联合利华等消费品巨头。 电商平台掀起涨价潮 在特朗普政府关税政策威胁下，电商巨头们已开始大规模涨价行动。 亚马逊平台上的商家正面临严峻抉择：要么提高价格，要么自行承担美国新关税带来的额外成本。而这些卖家早已面临利润被挤压的困境。过去几年，仓储、 配送、运输和广告费等成本不断上升，同时激烈的平台竞争也带来了价格压力。 另据媒体报道，快时尚巨头Shein在即将到来的小包裹关税实施前大幅提高了美国产品价格。 数据显示，Shein在美国大部分物价上涨发生在周五，部分品类的涨幅明显高于其他品类。美国市场上Shein的美容和健康类商品中排名前100的产品较周四平 均涨价51%，家居厨房产品和玩具平均涨幅超过30%，一款10件套厨房毛巾价格暴涨377%，女装价格平均上涨8%。 媒体对50件不同类别商品的抽样调查发现， ...

编者按：美国滥施关税给全球贸易带来巨大冲击，作为中国第一经济大省、第一外贸大省的 广东如何积极应对？即日起，南都、N视频推出"关税冲击下的广东突围"专题报道，深度走 访记录广东各行各业充分研判、科学谋划、主动调整，借助广交会等平台，于市场变局中开 产业新局的探索实践。 近期，美国政府滥施关税，致使全球产业链与供应链遭受严重冲击。在此背景下，玩具产业正经历前所 未有的挑战，探寻发展新路径迫在眉睫。 即将开幕的第137届广交会第三期，以"美好生活"为主题，为全球玩具企业拓展新市场、挖掘潜在合作 机会，提供了强有力的支撑与绝佳契机。 4月24日至25日，南都、N视频记者对话多位广东玩具创意产业从业者，以及前来参加广交会、借此拓 展商机的商家了解到，在全球市场上，我国玩具产业已形成成熟、高效的供应链，短时间内无法被替 代；与此同时，有企业提前谋划、主动破局，着力培育自有IP，转型深挖国内消费潜力。 广交会上的信心与底气 人潮涌动的地铁车厢、烟火气十足的大排档、霓虹闪烁的鸡尾酒吧……四月的羊城，处处可见外国友人 的身影，他们中的不少人，正是广交会的参展客商。 "每届广交会都会吸引全球各地的采购商。我们坚持参展很多年，效 ...

金：本周COMEX金价-3.05%至3300.20美元/盎司，美债10年期TIPS下降18BP至2.02%。 SPDR黄金持仓减少12.90吨至946.27吨。本周黄金价格再创历史新高，突破3400美元/盎司关 口，主要受经济不确定性、地缘政治紧张和贸易担忧等因素推动。（1）标普全球数据显 示，美国4月Markit制造业PMI初值意外升至50.7，好于预期的49，但服务业和综合PMI初值 均低于预期，分别为51.4和51.2，且综合PMI初值创下16个月新低，不过三者均仍处于扩张 区间。（2）美联储理事沃勒表示，若特朗普政府恢复高额关税，美国企业可能大规模裁 员，届时他将支持美联储降息。 稀土：本周稀土价格整体下行，系贸易战带来较弱需求预期；但重稀土价格相对轻稀土 稳健，系出口管制带来的价格支撑。据SMM，拥有美国唯一稀土矿的MP Materials公司已停 止向中国出口稀土精矿，考虑海外镨钕冶炼分离产能情况，全球镨钕供应有望进一步收缩， 进而支撑镨钕价格。关注中国稀土、北方稀土、包钢股份、金力永磁等标的。 开源证券近日发布有色金属周报：本周稀土价格整体下行，系贸易战带来较弱需求预 期；但重稀土价格相对轻稀土 ...