宏观：香港路演见闻 20251116 摘要 市场预期 2026 年货币政策延续宽松，尽管美联储近期释放鹰派信号， 但多数投资者仍预计 12 月降息，主要基于政府停摆导致的经济下行压 力。 市场对特朗普贸易政策存在分歧，关税政策不确定性大，中期选举前可 能采取增量宽财政措施以拉拢选票。 2025 年和 2026 年净财政宽松力度基本为零，需增量财政政策才能实 现真正宽松，如每个贫困家庭发放 2000 美元，但实施存在不确定性。 2026 年美国经济总体乐观，但依赖财政和货币双宽松，若缺乏进一步 宽松措施，居民部门信贷压力将增加，主要体现在车贷、银行卡和信贷 等方面。 市场继续看好黄金和 AI，尽管存在泡沫化担忧，但仍有上涨潜力。同时， 由于对双宽松状态的预期，对铜等大宗商品也持乐观态度。 近期市场对美联储降息预期出现变化，12 月降息预期从 70%降至 43%，但 2026 年 12 月的隐含降息预期仍维持在 3.3 附近，宽松货币 政策趋势未变。 AI 技术的应用带来 K 型影响，主要由富人消费驱动，高收入群体受益， 低收入群体面临就业压力，服务业外包经济体贸易账可能受冲击。 Q&A 近期权益市场风格切换的原 ...

Group 1 - The article contrasts the debt management strategies of the United States and China, highlighting that while the US can attract global capital through its bond market, China's debt is primarily directed towards domestic projects like infrastructure and employment stabilization [1][4] - As of August 2025, the US public debt is projected to exceed $37 trillion, with interest payments expected to rise to over $1.4 trillion by 2033, supported by the Federal Reserve's monetary policies [3] - In contrast, China's total debt is approaching 300% of GDP, with government debt at approximately 88%, but the funds are largely invested in tangible projects, allowing for a stable growth rate of around 5% [1][4] Group 2 - The US dollar maintains its dominance in global trade, accounting for 88% of transactions and 58% of foreign reserves, making US Treasury bonds highly sought after [6] - China's bond market is still developing, with a focus on domestic consumption and growth, as evidenced by a 32.36% year-on-year increase in government debt in the first half of 2025 [4][8] - The article notes that while the US faces significant fiscal challenges, including a $2 trillion annual deficit and potential government shutdowns, China is exploring innovative debt instruments like green and digital bonds [10]

自11月10日起，人民币将正式退出伦敦金属交易所的期货合约交易。单看这一事件或许波澜不惊，但结合美国 12 月即将启动的量化宽松政策，以及刚 组建的十国关键矿产联盟来看，这本质是一场针对人民币定价权的精准狙击，且时间节点的把控堪称刻意。 大宗商品的"定价权"是什么？它并非一个单一的权力，而是一套由交易规则、货币流动性与实物控制权共同构成的三足鼎立的权力结构。 近期，国际上看似孤立的三件事，恰恰是在这三个维度上，清晰地勾勒出一场深刻博弈的轮廓，其核心指向未来全球经济秩序中美元与人民币的地位之 争。 定价权的基石，是对被全球认可的交易规则和金融工具的掌控，伦敦金属交易所（LME）正是这一"制度层"的传统主导者，其价格影响着全球超八成的 有色金属贸易。 更值得注意的是，这一决策发生在港交所全资控股的LME内部，却带有英国金融行为监管局（FCA）干预的痕迹。这揭示了金融平台的归属权与其规则 制定权，在地缘政治面前的复杂分离，构建一个具备全球公信力的新制度，面临的正是这种根深蒂固的壁垒。 中国同样在物理层展开布局，近期在西昆仑带发现的巨大锂资源潜力，以及国内锂产量超过30%的增幅，都意在增强供应链的自主权。这场博弈的时 ...

Group 1: Report's Investment Rating - No investment rating information for the industry is provided in the report. Group 2: Core Views of the Report - After the Japanese bond yield broke below 2%, it remained in a long - term low - level oscillation. The weak economic reality restricted the upward movement of the yield, but there were still significant obstacles to further decline. The Japanese stock market, on the other hand, experienced a long - bull market due to factors such as positive macro - economic expectations, improved corporate micro - profitability, and the support from the Bank of Japan [1]. Group 3: Summary Based on the Directory 1. Japan's Stock and Bond Review and Insights ➢ Japanese Bonds: Long - term Oscillation after Breaking below 2% - **1990 - 2018 Phases**: From 1990 to 1998, the 10 - year Japanese bond yield was in a downward period, dropping from over 8% to 0.77%. From 1999 to 2008, it was in an oscillation period, fluctuating around a 1.5% central level. From 2008 to 2018, under continuous and substantial monetary policy easing, the yield steadily declined and remained in a low - level oscillation. Since 2018, as Japanese monetary policy gradually normalized, the bond's elasticity increased, and the yield moved from a long - term zero - interest state to positive interest [10]. - **1998 - 1999**: Fiscal adjustment and the Asian financial crisis led to a significant deterioration of the Japanese economy. The Bank of Japan cut interest rates, causing the 10 - year Japanese bond yield to break below 2% in October 1997 and reach a low of 0.77% in October 1998. Subsequently, due to the imbalance between the supply and demand of national bonds (the government's large - scale fiscal expansion increased bond issuance, while the main buyer, the Ministry of Finance's Fund Management Bureau, suspended bond purchases), the yield quickly rebounded to 2.43% [13][14][19]. - **2002 - 2003**: The Japanese government adopted fiscal austerity while the central bank implemented loose monetary policies. The 10 - year Japanese bond yield started a new downward trend in February 2002 and reached a low of 0.43% in June 2003. After 2002, the global economic recovery improved Japan's economic outlook, and the yield rebounded. The sell - off by commercial banks using the VAR model accelerated the bond market's adjustment, with the yield rising by nearly 120BP from June to September 2003 [20][22][23]. ➢ Japanese Stocks: Long - Bull Trend after 2013 - After hitting a historical high in 1989, the Japanese stock market entered a long - term correction. In 2013, it started a new long - bull market, reaching a new high in February 2024. As of the end of October 2025, the Nikkei 225 index was at 52,411.34 points, a cumulative increase of 512.27% compared to the beginning of 2012 [28]. - Abenomics was an important catalyst for the rise of the Japanese stock market. In 2013, the Abe cabinet launched a 20.2 - trillion - yen economic stimulus package, the Bank of Japan introduced the QQE policy, and the government launched the "Japan Revitalization Strategy". Multiple factors such as positive macro - economic expectations, the development of high - tech industries, and the support from the central bank led to a double - whammy of improved corporate profitability and valuation, driving the long - bull market [31][32].

币界网11月11日讯，纽约联储主席威廉姆斯最新讲话为市场降息预期泼下冷水。他表示12月的利率决策 将是一种平衡行为，并强调通胀仍然居高不下，且没有下降迹象。这一表态使得市场对美联储12月降息 的预期降至约71%，较此前水平明显回落。与此同时，比特币价格今日突破10.6万美元，24小时涨幅达 3.94%，但BTC杠杆交易者的清算价格也随之上移至10.67万美元附近，风险管理成为当前市场焦点。 降息预期降温背后的经济压力 美联储政策预期的转变并非空穴来风。币界网消息称，美国政府停摆已持续逾月，双方在预算谈判上仍 无实质进展，导致官方经济数据缺失，市场只能依赖私营机构指标判断经济趋势，目前美元走强已令黄 金一周下跌约1.5%，显示市场对美联储维持鹰派立场的预期正在增强。 币界网数据显示，美联储已宣布从12月起结束缩表，并将到期MBS资金再投资于短期国债，释放流动 性信号。然而，这一举措并未改变市场对12月降息概率下降的判断。分析认为，在通胀数据未见明显回 落的情况下，美联储可能继续保持谨慎态度。 XBIT去中心化交易所监测的链上数据显示，比特币鲸鱼在高位减仓后于低位重新吸筹，机构买盘通过 OTC持续入场。这种行为模 ...

Group 1 - Deutsche Bank's Chief Investment Officer for emerging markets indicates that the dollar remains attractive for arbitrage due to the Federal Reserve's cautious approach to interest rate cuts, but there is uncertainty regarding the policy path next year, especially if the new Fed chair adjusts the rate cut pace [2] - Goldman Sachs warns that the onset of a Fed rate cut cycle may fuel asset bubbles, with credit spreads recently widening from 2.76% to 3.15%, reflecting a decrease in risk appetite. Tech investment spending is nearing its peak, with the five major tech companies expected to spend $349 billion in capital expenditures by 2025 [2] - The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB) cautions that President Trump's proposed "tariff dividend" of at least $2,000 per person will significantly increase the deficit, potentially adding $6 trillion over ten years, which is double the expected tariff revenue during the same period [2] Group 2 - Morgan Stanley notes that the end of quantitative tightening (QT) by the Fed does not equate to a restart of quantitative easing (QE), as it involves optimizing asset structure without expanding the balance sheet. The key factor affecting market duration and liquidity is the U.S. Treasury's debt issuance strategy, not the Fed's bond-buying actions [1] - Bank of America highlights that the surge in AI capital expenditures and off-balance-sheet financing is masking future profit pressures, with the actual lifespan of AI hardware being only 3-5 years, posing a depreciation risk that may impact financial reports post-2026 [1] - JPMorgan warns that global investment in AI data centers will require at least $5 trillion over the next five years, far exceeding the capacity of any single financing channel. The investment-grade bond market can provide $1.5 trillion, while there remains a $1.4 trillion gap that will need to be filled by private credit and government funding [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent surge and subsequent decline in gold prices, suggesting that while gold has not yet reached its peak, it has moved past the explosive growth phase and should now be viewed more as a wealth protection tool rather than a high-return investment vehicle [6][29]. Market Dynamics - Gold prices skyrocketed from $3000 to $4000 per ounce within seven months, reaching a peak of $4398 on October 20, followed by a significant drop of 5.07% the next day, marking the largest single-day decline since its listing [2][6]. - Market sentiment has turned bearish, with approximately 52,000 put options accumulated in the $4000-$3900 range, indicating increased pessimism about gold's future performance [5]. Historical Context - The article highlights that gold prices tend to rise during periods of energy market turmoil or when energy costs are reassessed, as seen in historical instances from 1971-1980 and 2001-2011, where significant geopolitical events led to substantial increases in gold prices [10][13][16]. Central Bank Behavior - Central banks have shifted from being ordinary participants in the gold market to key players influencing pricing, with global central bank purchases exceeding 1000 tons annually since 2022, indicating a structural change in gold's market dynamics [25][28]. - The trend of central banks increasing gold reserves is expected to continue, although the pace may become more flexible due to high gold prices [28]. Geopolitical Factors - Ongoing geopolitical tensions, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have heightened demand for gold as a safe-haven asset, reinforcing its appeal during times of uncertainty [25][26]. - The article notes that as geopolitical conflicts become the new norm, countries are increasing defense spending and stockpiling resources, which may lead to further monetary expansion and lower real interest rates, benefiting gold [23][24]. Investment Strategy - The article advises investors to view gold as a hedging tool against stock market risks rather than a high-yield investment, especially in light of the current market conditions where risk assets may offer better returns [29][31]. - It suggests that the best approach for investors is to adopt a "buy low" strategy and avoid chasing high prices, emphasizing that gold should be seen as a wealth preservation tool in volatile markets [31][32].

Group 1: Market Signals - The market top is forming slowly through three main signals: the credit spread of AI giants has widened from 50 basis points to 80 basis points, indicating a deteriorating financing environment; public dissatisfaction with living costs is leading to political pressure that may result in government price interventions; and the potential overturning of current tariffs by the Supreme Court could weaken inflation expectations and benefit emerging markets [1][3][13]. Group 2: AI Sector Vulnerability - The prosperity and bubble in the AI sector are entering a new phase, with vulnerabilities beginning to show from the credit side. AI giants are facing cash flow issues that are insufficient to support aggressive capital expenditure plans, forcing them to turn to the bond market for financing. In the past seven weeks, these companies have issued up to $120 billion in bonds [4][9]. Group 3: Political and Economic Factors - Political factors are becoming key variables influencing market direction. Recent elections indicate strong voter dissatisfaction with affordability issues, suggesting that the government may intervene directly to control prices, which could negatively impact corporate profit margins [10][12]. - The potential overturning of current tariffs by the Supreme Court could lead to a significant market restructuring, reducing inflation expectations and impacting the government's ability to leverage technology for global influence [13][15]. Group 4: Labor Market and Economic Pressure - The U.S. labor market is showing signs of cooling, reflecting a K-shaped economic pressure. Reports indicate that layoffs have exceeded 1 million this year, the highest since 2020, and the unemployment rate for recent graduates has surged from 4% to 8% [16][18]. - Although these indicators have not yet reached recession standards, structural unemployment driven by AI is accelerating, suggesting that those in the middle of the K-shaped recovery feel poorer rather than wealthier [18][19].

Core Insights - The U.S. federal government has been shut down for 37 days, surpassing historical records, due to a lack of consensus on the budget between the two parties in Congress [2] - Arthur Hayes, co-founder of BitMEX, noted that since the debt ceiling was raised in July, Bitcoin (BTC) has dropped by 5% and liquidity has decreased by 8%, with the U.S. Treasury General Account (TGA) draining funds from the system [2] - The shutdown is expected to create uncertainty in financial markets, leading to increased volatility, particularly in the stock and bond markets [3] Impact on Financial Markets - Government shutdowns typically lead to heightened market uncertainty, causing investors to worry about government efficiency and policy continuity, which increases market volatility [3] - The interruption of federal spending directly affects certain businesses and economic activities, particularly those reliant on government contracts, potentially delaying revenues and impacting stock prices [3] - Long-term shutdowns may affect credit ratings and interest rates, as concerns about U.S. fiscal health could lead to rating adjustments and increased borrowing costs [3] Historical Context - In the 2013 shutdown lasting 16 days, the S&P 500 index rose approximately 3.1%, indicating limited sensitivity to short-term political events [4] - During the 2018-2019 shutdown of 35 days, the S&P 500 initially dropped about 2.7% but later rebounded over 10% as negotiations progressed and economic fundamentals stabilized [5] Bitcoin Market Analysis - Bitcoin recently experienced a drop, briefly falling below $100,000 but stabilizing at $103,500, with a noted decline of about 27% over the past month [6] - The market is currently under liquidity pressure due to the government shutdown, and it remains uncertain when policy changes will occur [6] - Recent data shows that Bitcoin has dropped about 10% in the past week, with nearly $1 billion flowing out of spot Bitcoin ETFs, indicating weak market sentiment [7] - Long-term holders have sold over 827,000 BTC, amounting to approximately $86 billion, marking the largest monthly sell-off since July [7]

Core Insights - A severe liquidity crisis erupted in the U.S. financial markets in November, causing global market turmoil and significant asset sell-offs [3][5][12] - The crisis is attributed to the Federal Reserve's inability to continue its quantitative easing policies, leading to a lack of trust in U.S. debt and a tightening of liquidity [7][12][29] Group 1: Market Reactions - The liquidity crisis led to a dramatic sell-off in global markets, with Japan's stock market dropping 4% and South Korea's by 5% on the same day [5][12] - U.S. financial institutions began liquidating assets in Asia to recover cash, resulting in a surge in the U.S. dollar and a sell-off of other currencies like the yen and won [5][7] Group 2: Underlying Issues - The U.S. faces three major challenges: excessive national debt raising doubts about repayment, government shutdowns reducing market liquidity, and the emergence of stablecoins diverting funds from traditional banks [13][19][21] - Bank reserves have fallen below $3 trillion, nearing a critical threshold identified by Federal Reserve officials, indicating a severe liquidity crunch [15][17] Group 3: Government and Political Dynamics - The government shutdown is a result of political conflicts over healthcare spending, with implications for market stability and potential impacts on the upcoming elections [25][27] - If the government resumes spending, it could temporarily inject $700 billion into the market, but this would not address the underlying issues of fiscal sustainability [27][29] Group 4: Future Implications - The current trajectory of U.S. fiscal policy, including potential tax cuts and increased spending, could exacerbate the national deficit and undermine confidence in the dollar [29][31] - Investment in sectors like AI, while promising, may not translate into broader economic benefits, risking the creation of financial bubbles similar to past crises [31][33] Group 5: Global Context - The liquidity crisis in the U.S. is not just a national issue but poses a significant challenge to the global financial order, with potential repercussions for international markets [36][37]