Core Viewpoint - The low inventory levels in the asphalt market have prompted traders to utilize futures tools for risk management, indicating a bullish market outlook despite low production and demand constraints [1][2]. Inventory Levels - As of December 2024, winter storage of asphalt is at 850,000 tons, marking a multi-year low. Both social and factory inventories remain at historically low levels, limiting production release due to low profit margins and operating rates [2]. - The winter storage price of 3,420 CNY/ton is aligned with the cost price of 3,450 CNY/ton for resources in Q1 2025, suggesting limited downside for prices unless there is a significant drop in crude oil prices [2]. Price Comparison and Valuation - The current valuation of asphalt futures relative to Brent crude oil is at 0.9, which is considered reasonable based on historical low inventory scenarios from 2018 and 2022 [2]. - The basis for buying hedges was 50 CNY/ton, with historical data indicating that even during low inventory periods, the basis could fall below -200 CNY/ton in Q1 [2]. Trading Operations - On December 12, 2024, a company bought 2,000 contracts of March asphalt futures at 3,510 CNY/ton, with a current spot price of 3,560 CNY/ton, resulting in a basis of 50 CNY/ton [3]. - By early February 2025, the basis weakened to -197 CNY/ton, with futures rising to 3,797 CNY/ton and spot prices increasing to 3,600 CNY/ton. The company closed its futures position and procured products from the spot market [3][4]. Profit and Loss Analysis - The company realized a profit of 5,740,000 CNY from the futures market, while incurring a loss of 800,000 CNY from the spot market, effectively covering the losses with the gains from the futures [3][4]. Significance - The company's strategic market analysis and strong operational capabilities in the futures market allowed it to mitigate price risks, enhance competitiveness, and stabilize operations, serving as a valuable reference for the asphalt industry and beyond [5].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Views of the Report - The steel market is in a trading range, and it is advisable to seize hedging opportunities at the upper limit of the range. The rebound height of finished steel is relatively limited, and the market will enter a period of tug - of - war. It is recommended to use the volatile market to rotate inventory for spot goods [5]. - For coking coal and coke, the decline in coking coal auctions has slowed down, and the futures are at a premium to the spot. The market is in a state of indecision. Industrial customers can actively participate in selling hedging, while single - side trading can wait for a clearer situation. In the medium - to - long - term, the bottom of coking coal has not been confirmed [6]. - For ferrosilicon and silicomanganese, their fundamentals are stable and follow the steel market. Their prices are expected to be under pressure, and attention should be paid to subsequent steel tenders [7]. - For iron ore, the overall weak trend remains unchanged, and it is recommended to maintain a short - selling strategy [8]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs **Futures Market Data** - On June 16, 2025, for far - month contracts (RB2601, HC2601, I2601, J2601, JM2601), the closing prices were 2985.00 yuan/ton, 3101.00 yuan/ton, 675.00 yuan/ton, 1392.50 yuan/ton, and 810.50 yuan/ton respectively, with corresponding increases of 0.78%, 1.04%, 0.52%, 2.35%, and 3.05%. For near - month contracts (RB2510, HC2510, I2509, J2509, JM2509), the closing prices were 2990.00 yuan/ton, 3104.00 yuan/ton, 704.50 yuan/ton, 1371.00 yuan/ton, and 795.50 yuan/ton respectively, with corresponding increases of 0.98%, 1.07%, 0.21%, 1.90%, and 2.84% [3]. - On June 16, 2025, the cross - month spreads, spreads/ratios/profits, spot prices, and basis data for various varieties were also provided, along with their changes [3]. **Steel Market** - On Monday, the spot and futures prices rebounded slightly, but the willingness to sell spot goods increased, and the price rebound was hesitant. Overseas, the Iran situation may have an indirect impact on the coal market in the capital market, but its influence on the spot market is weak. Domestically, the steel spot market remains in a state of weak supply and demand. The US tariff increase on steel - based household appliances and the suspension of domestic home appliance national subsidy policies have increased the supply - demand pressure in the hot - rolled coil market. It is recommended to hedge at the upper limit of the range and rotate inventory for spot goods [5]. **Coking Coal and Coke Market** - In the spot market, the decline in coking coal auctions has slowed down, and port prices are weak. In the futures market, the black chain index has strengthened, and coking coal led the rise. Macroscopically, domestic policies are mainly for bottom - support, and overseas disturbances are numerous. Industrially, steel demand is seasonally weak, and steel production has decreased. Coking coal inventories at the mine mouth continue to accumulate, but supply is affected by safety and environmental issues. The futures are at a premium to the spot, and industrial customers can participate in selling hedging [6]. **Ferrosilicon and Silicomanganese Market** - For ferrosilicon, production has decreased slightly, but direct demand has weakened, and cost support has declined. For silicomanganese, supply has increased from a low level, demand has weakened, and cost support has also weakened. Their prices are expected to be under pressure [7]. **Iron Ore Market** - The overall weak trend of iron ore remains unchanged. Ore shipments are gradually increasing, and port inventories have shifted from a slight decline to a slight increase. The black market is entering the off - season, and downstream pressure is intensifying. It is recommended to maintain a short - selling strategy [8]. **Investment Strategies** - For steel, maintain a wait - and - see attitude for single - side trading. For futures - spot trading, choose hot - rolled coils with better liquidity for hedging and open - position management, and rotate inventory for spot goods. For coking coal and coke, industrial customers should actively participate in selling hedging. For ferrosilicon and silicomanganese, buy put options at high prices [9].

Core Insights - The significant increase in positions for the September 2025 Federal Funds futures and one-month SOFR futures indicates active basis trading in the market [1] - On Thursday, May 29, there was a notable buying activity in the basis trading volume for near-month contracts [1] - A court ruling that blocked certain import tariffs imposed by President Trump has contributed to a decrease in risk exposure for U.S. Treasury futures when adjusted for roll [1]

Report Summary - The settlement price of the rebar 2505 contract was 3066 yuan/ton, at a discount to the spot price, mainly due to weak demand and continuous profits at the production end [2][4]. - The settlement price of the hot - rolled coil 2505 contract was 3262 yuan/ton, also at a discount to the spot price, with the basis at a medium - historical level. The seller's position was more concentrated, and the production enterprises were the leading force in delivery [2][18]. Rebar 2505 Contract Settlement Summary Settlement Price and Basis - The rebar 2505 contract settlement price was 3066 yuan/ton, at a discount of 124 and 218 yuan/ton to Shanghai and Tianjin spot prices respectively. Weak demand and production - end profits led to short - selling in the futures market. The real - estate demand contraction affected terminal consumption, and there was hedging motivation due to good steel mill profits [2][4]. Settlement Volume and Position Changes - The total settlement volume was 57,300 tons, lower than expected and down from the previous year, at a moderately high level in recent years. The impact on the market was expected to be limited. Buyers were willing to take delivery due to low inventory and a strong basis, but their positions were scattered. Sellers were mainly production and trading enterprises for hedging and basis trading [6]. Inter - delivery Strategy Summary - The rebar 5 - 10 spread remained low and stable, dragged down by real - estate demand. The 3 - month high - frequency data showed a large year - on - year decline in weekly demand. By May 15, the 5 - 10 spread was - 43 yuan/ton. Low inventory reduced delivery pressure, and arbitrage drove the transfer of warehouse receipts to the spot market, affecting the near - month contract price and the inter - delivery spread [14]. Hot - Rolled Coil 2505 Contract Settlement Summary Settlement Price and Spot Basis - The hot - rolled coil 2505 contract settlement price was 3262 yuan/ton, at a discount of 18 and 68 yuan/ton to Shanghai and Tianjin spot prices respectively. The basis was at a medium - historical level. The seller's position was more concentrated, and the production enterprises were the leading force in delivery due to the phased premium structure, high production, and export expectation disturbances [18]. Settlement Volume and Position Changes - The settlement volume of the hot - rolled coil HC2505 contract was 155,100 tons, an obvious increase from the HC2405 contract, still at a moderately high level in the past 10 years. The delivery warehouse receipts were mainly concentrated in Jiangsu [22]. Inter - delivery Strategy Summary - The hot - rolled coil 5 - 10 spread showed a reverse - arbitrage structure. High production, trade - war - induced contraction in the cold - hot spread, and expectations of export and domestic - demand contraction led to the far - month contract being stronger. After entering the delivery month, positive Sino - US negotiations led to a small repair of the 5 - 10 spread, but it remained at a low level in recent years [30].

Group 1 - The recent significant fluctuations in U.S. Treasury yields were primarily triggered by unexpected tariff policies announced by President Trump, leading to a sharp decline and subsequent rise in yields over three distinct phases from March 28 to April 24 [1][20][15] - The first phase saw a decline in yields due to concerns over a potential global economic recession, with 2Y and 10Y Treasury yields dropping by 29 basis points (bps) and 37 bps respectively [20] - The second phase experienced a rapid increase in yields, with 2Y yields rising by 28 bps and 10Y and 30Y yields increasing by 47 bps and 44 bps respectively, marking the largest weekly increases since the tech bubble burst in 2001 and the economic crisis in 1982 [20][15] Group 2 - The recent auction of new U.S. Treasuries faced weak demand, with the 3-year Treasury auction showing the highest tailing spread since the pandemic and the lowest bid-to-cover ratio in nearly three years, raising concerns about demand and liquidity [2][26] - Hedge funds faced significant pressure to close basis trades, leading to substantial selling pressure in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, as the volatility in Treasury futures prices forced traders to liquidate positions [3][29] - Confidence in U.S. dollar assets as a safe haven was undermined, resulting in a simultaneous decline in U.S. equities, bonds, and the dollar, while non-U.S. assets like Japanese and European bonds, as well as gold, benefited from this shift [4][33] Group 3 - Historical analysis shows that since 2007, there have been six significant fluctuations in U.S. Treasury yields, with the first two linked to crises that drove investors to seek safety in Treasuries, resulting in substantial declines in yields [5][40] - The most recent fluctuations in 2020 and 2023 exhibited a similar pattern of initial declines followed by increases, influenced by liquidity crises and strong economic data [5][40] Group 4 - Short-term outlook for U.S. Treasury yields indicates narrow fluctuations with high market vulnerability due to multiple factors, including uncertainties surrounding tariff negotiations and the potential for further volatility in financial markets [6][46] - The medium to long-term outlook suggests a return to a downward trend in yields, contingent on easing tariff uncertainties and a potential resumption of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, although concerns over debt sustainability and geopolitical tensions may elevate yield volatility [10][11]

王爷说财经讯：特朗普宣布对等关税后，29万亿美元的美债市场一度差点崩溃！ 为什么会这样？到底发生了什么？美联储官员揪出"幕后凶手"！一起来看看！ 5月12日消息，美国总统——特朗普宣布对等关税后，导致4 月美国29万亿美元的美债市场剧烈波动，30年期美债利率创下1987年来以来最大单周涨幅，那 么为何会这样？ 对此，就在最近，美联储官员、美联储（FED）公开市场操作帐户（SOMA）经理—— 佩里（Roberto Perli）警告，美债近期掀起风暴，与掉期利差有关的 大型杠杆交易（swap-spread trade）突然平仓有关。 众所周知，美国总统——特朗普4 月2 日对多数贸易伙伴宣布征收对等关税，金融市场掀起避险潮，资金涌入美债，但几天后美债利率反转向上，30年期美 债利率一周内暴涨近50个基点，利率来到4.84%，创下1987年以来单周最大涨幅，市场一度掀起美债抛售潮。 对此，美国金融媒体——《市场观察》（Market watch）报道，佩里在一场美联储会议中表示， 造成美债市场动荡的主因，并非市场猜测的基差交易 (basis trade)平仓，可能与掉期利差交易失控有关。 佩里解释称，原本许多杠杆投资 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent volatility in the U.S. Treasury futures market, attributing it to regulatory expectations, particularly regarding the Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) and its impact on swap spreads and market liquidity [4][10][13]. Group 1: U.S. Treasury Market Dynamics - The U.S. Treasury futures market has experienced significant volatility since April, particularly in the 10-year contract, raising concerns about potential large-scale unwinding of basis trades [4][10]. - Analysis of positions and trading data indicates that there is insufficient evidence to suggest a massive unwinding of basis trades, as the open interest in 2Y, 5Y, and 10Y contracts has only decreased by 1%-5%, which is much less than the 15%-25% drop seen during the 2020 pandemic [7][10]. - The current volatility is primarily driven by market expectations regarding regulatory changes, specifically discussions around SLR exemptions, which could affect banks' ability to expand their balance sheets and increase liquidity in the Treasury market [10][13]. Group 2: Chinese Dollar Bond Market Insights - Following the announcement of new tariffs on Chinese products in early April, there has been a notable increase in risk aversion within the Asian dollar bond market, although credit spreads have not widened significantly [14][16]. - The valuation advantage of Chinese dollar bonds has become more pronounced, with the OAS of U.S. investment-grade corporate bonds widening by approximately 20 basis points, while Chinese dollar bonds only widened by about 14 basis points, indicating a potential undervaluation [14][16]. - Despite a downgrade in China's long-term foreign currency issuer rating by Fitch, Chinese dollar bond credit spreads have remained relatively stable, reflecting investor confidence in the credit quality and refinancing risks of Chinese enterprises [16][19]. Group 3: Asset-Backed Securities and Mortgage Market - The U.S. mortgage market has seen tightening credit conditions, particularly affecting ordinary loan applicants, although the overall mortgage availability index has slightly improved due to relaxed restrictions on Jumbo loans [20][21]. - The structural changes in the MBS market, driven by a reduction in government roles in housing finance, suggest a shift towards non-agency and high-net-worth client segments, indicating a need for investors to focus on high-quality MBS assets [23].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the strong performance of the Renminbi (RMB) against the US dollar, with significant movements in the offshore RMB market and implications for the Hong Kong stock market [1][2][4]. Currency Performance - On May 5, the offshore RMB surpassed the 7.20 mark against the US dollar for the first time since November of the previous year, gaining over 100 points in a single day [2]. - The US dollar index fell below the 100 mark, reaching a low of 99.673, reflecting a decline of 8.03% year-to-date [2][3]. Market Reactions - The FTSE China A50 index futures rose sharply, reporting an increase of 0.84% [2]. - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index rebounded by 1.74% on May 2, closing at 22,504.68 points, driven by the strengthening of the offshore RMB [4]. Economic Policy Insights - According to Jianyin International's chief strategist, the Central Political Bureau's meeting set a positive tone for the market, emphasizing the need for proactive macroeconomic policies to stabilize market expectations [5]. - The strategist anticipates that relevant policies will be implemented by the end of June, with a focus on defensive dividend sectors in investment strategies [5].

美债，风险"解除"了吗？ - 关税"压力测试 "20250429 摘要 • 对等关税落地期间，美国股债汇市场出现"三杀"现象，历史上多次发生， 本次受美联储货币政策剧烈调整影响，加剧市场恐慌。该现象通常预示负 面经济展望，但未必直接导致衰退，需关注引发因素。 • 2020-2024 年美国财政赤字率从 4-5%升至超 7%，支出规模显著提高。 市场对特朗普政策不确定性及更高赤字的担忧，加剧了对美债安全性的质 疑，关税落地期间美债抛售增加。 • 4 月 8 日美债抛售潮中，美国国内资金净流出占比超 60%，海外资金占比 约 40%，其中爱尔兰资金流出具代表性，中国台湾、西班牙、日本亦有贡 献。4 月 11 号后，美债市场流出量开始减少，到 4 月 16 号转为净流入。 • 当前基差交易空头规模达历史高点约 1 万亿美元，对冲基金利用价差交易 做多现货、做空期货，通过回购市场加杠杆。美债期货空头主要集中在五 年期和十年期品种，流动性较好。 • 4 月 2 日至 4 月 23 日期间，海外官方投资者持有的美债规模从约 2.93 万 亿扩大至 2.94 万亿，未进行大规模抛售。海外投资者在美国美债市场中 的占比仍然较 ...

"对等关税"或推高长期美债利率 20250429 • 美国意图通过对等关税增加关税收入、促进出口、推动军备购买、吸引投 资及直接收款，实为变相收取"保护费"，但实际落地可能仅为 10%的最 低基准关税，旨在施压谈判。 • 对等关税公布后，美国资本市场出现股债汇三杀，虽 CPI 数据良好，但市 场反应负面，反映出政策实施受到资本市场波动的制约，高频数据显示基 差交易、日本投资者和公募基金卖出债券是重要因素。 • 中长期来看，对中国以外国家加征 10%的对等关税可能导致美国利差下降， 预计每年美元供给和美元资产需求均减少 2,400 亿美元，其中美债需求每 年将减少超过 1,200 亿美元，对美债市场产生深远影响。 • 股债汇三杀在美国市场发生概率约为 9.8%，通常由对美关税担忧和美元 信用受损预期引发。2025 年 4 月 10 日的三杀事件在历史上排名较高，反 映出资本流出导致外资抛售股票、债券和美元。 • 对等关税政策实施后，美国 10 年期国债收益率在 2025 年 4 月 4 日至 4 月 11 日间上行 47 个基点，为极端走势，发生概率极低，表明大量投资者 抛售国债，市场流动性受到影响。 Q&A ...