Core Viewpoint - The economic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics indicates a mixed performance in industrial production, fixed asset investment, and retail sales for November 2025, suggesting underlying economic challenges and a need for cautious optimism in investment strategies [4][5][6][7]. Industrial Production - In November 2025, the industrial added value for large-scale enterprises grew by 4.8% year-on-year, a slight decrease from 4.9% in October. However, the month-on-month growth rate improved to +0.44%, indicating a positive trend in short-term production [5]. - Among the three major sectors, the mining industry saw an increase in year-on-year growth, while the manufacturing and utilities sectors experienced a decline [5]. Fixed Asset Investment - From January to November 2025, the cumulative year-on-year growth rate of fixed asset investment decreased by 2.6%, marking a widening decline. However, the month-on-month growth rate for November showed a smaller decline of -1.03% [6]. - Investment in real estate, manufacturing, and broad infrastructure remained weak, contributing to the overall decline in fixed asset investment [6]. Retail Sales - The year-on-year growth rate of social consumer goods retail sales in November was 1.3%, down from 2.9% in the previous month. The month-on-month growth rate was -0.42%, which was weaker than seasonal expectations [7]. - Sales growth across different types of consumer goods also showed a decline compared to the previous month [7]. Bond Market Insights - Since August 2025, the yield on government bonds has shown a clear divergence, with short-term yields remaining stable and declining, while long-term yields, particularly the 30-year yield, have been on an upward trend, resulting in a steeper yield curve [8]. - The current liquidity in the market is relatively loose, and despite weak fundamentals, there is a growing optimism among investors regarding the bond market, with expectations for the 10-year government bond yield to stabilize around 1.75% [8]. - In the convertible bond market, as of December 12, 2025, the performance of convertible bonds has lagged behind the equity market, with a year-to-date increase of 16.5% compared to 21.8% for the broader index. However, convertible bonds are still considered relatively high-quality assets in the long term [8].

Group 1 - The report highlights a continued weakness in demand, particularly in consumer spending, which has been significantly impacted by a decline in automobile sales and the reduction of government subsidies for trade-ins [2][3] - Cumulative retail sales growth for January to November 2025 is reported at 4.0%, a decrease of 0.3 percentage points compared to the previous month, with automobile sales showing a cumulative year-on-year decline of 1.0% [3][22] - Industrial value-added growth for November 2025 is at 6.0%, down 0.1 percentage points from October, indicating a divergence between traditional industries related to real estate and high-tech sectors [3][4] Group 2 - The report notes a rebound in inflation, primarily driven by rising food prices, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increasing to 0.7% year-on-year in November, marking a 0.5 percentage point rise [3][5] - Fixed asset investment shows a cumulative year-on-year decline of 2.6% for November, with real estate investment down 15.9% and infrastructure investment at 0.13% [3][7] - The report indicates that the overall economic fundamentals are weakening, with investment growth and consumer spending declining, while inflation recovery remains uncertain [3][23]

债市承压。 在上周五（12月12日）跌0.71%的基础上，30年期国债期货主力合约周一开盘后继续下跌，盘中最大跌幅超过1%。30年期国债活跃券的收益率则不断攀 升，最新达到2.277%。 不同于前期"股债跷跷板"效应下的债市波动，四季度以来债市接连阴跌，期限利差不断走阔。对于债市进一步大跌，有分析人士指出，债市下跌的原因并 非央行收紧货币，或者流动性紧张，而是环境出现变化后，机构预期也出现变化，主动减少长期配债资金，导致债市交易结构中配置盘退潮，交易盘主 导，从而使得债市波动放大，利率易上难下。 国债期限利差不断走阔 对于配置盘而言，华西证券认为，当前或重点关注中长期赔率，首先从利率走廊提供的合理定价参考来看，在今年下半年以来的连续调整中，1.90%似乎 成为了长端利率的有效上界，当前10年期国债收益率收于1.84%，基本处于顶部附近位置，在明年加息概率不大的背景下，债市潜在的调整空间不大；其 次从贷款比价的视角分析，当前10年期国债的税费后票息价值与一般贷款几乎无异，对于银行而言，长债的吸引力并不算低。因此，如果当前债市收益率 基本满足明年收益目标，配置型资金可以考虑逐步进场。 今年以来的债市，在"股债跷跷 ...

如果说空间止损是已经证明你的操作是错误的；那么，时间止损就是一定的时间内你的逻辑"未被证明正确"，它不一定非要证明你错了，但在规定的时间 内没有证明你的入场逻辑或入场理由是对的，你就应该离场。 资金面均衡偏松，长债收益率明显上行。 央行公开市场开展1309亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有1223亿元逆回购到期，净投放86亿元。 资金面均衡偏松，资金利率平稳，DR001在1.27%附近，DR007在1.44%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2025. 12. 15) | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 回购代码 | 加权利率 | 变化 | 利率走势 | 最高利率 | 变化 | 成交量 | 变化量 | (12 | 成交通占 | | | (%) | (bp) | (近30天) | (%) | (bp) | (亿元) | 元) | | 比 (%) | | R001 | 1.35 | 0 | | 1.88 | 8 | 75026. 76 | 670. 01 | | 89.84 | | R007 | ...

证券分析师 黄伟平 A0230524110002 huangwp@swsresearch.com 栾强 A0230524110003 luanqiang@swsresearch.com 王哲一 A0230525100003 wangzy@swsresearch.com 联系人 王哲一 A0230525100003 wangzy@swsresearch.com 2025 年 12 月 15 日 财政发力仍待观察，实体需求仍弱 ——11 月金融数据点评 本研究报告仅通过邮件提供给 博时基金 博时基金管理有限公司(researchreport@bosera.com) 使用。1 请务必仔细阅读正文之后的各项信息披露与声明 债 券 策 相关研究 债 券 研 究 略 证 券 研 究 报 告 - ⚫ 2025 年 11 月新增人民币贷款 0.39 万亿元（2024 年 11 月为 0.58 万亿元），新增社 融 2.49 万亿元（2024 年 11 月为 2.33 万亿元），社融同比增速为 8.5%（2025 年 10 月为 8.5%），M2 同比 8%（2025 年 10 月为 8.2%）。 ⚫ 第一，社融同比增速持平上 ...

观点回顾：以机构心态视角来看，年末对收益的诉求普遍偏弱， 明年一季度理财类机构和保险机构存在抢筹的意愿。年内债市行情限 于区间震荡的局面可能不易改变，年末时点存在提前抢筹、行情升温 的契机。 证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2025-12-15 研究所 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《债务周期"出清阶段"，政策组合延 续——中央经济工作会议点评 20251212》 - 2025.12.12 固收周报 年初资金面会收紧吗？ ——流动性周报 20251214 l 流动性走势决定权的筹码又在向央行集中 降准降息未至，止盈操作已至，然而这并不难理解，年末机构普 遍没有过多收益诉求。我们在报告《年末机构行为百态》中提到，"这 一心态，在一个问题上体现最为明确，即在降息出现的应对上，债市 投资者的一致预期是不期待近期可能出现降息机会，如果出现意外降 息，会选择以卖出来应对"。 在路演和交流中，我们还实实在在感受到投资者对于年初资金面 的担忧。多数投资者担忧的理由是，年初信贷投放可能会季节性偏高， 资金面的波动 ...

债市周周谈：中央经济工作会议的几点债市信号 20251214 摘要 居民主动去杠杆明显，10 月个人中长期贷款增量骤降，房贷增长停滞甚 至略负，北京房价下跌促使提前还贷，叠加房贷利率与银行存款利率倒 挂，提前还贷成理性选择，对银行信贷结构产生显著影响。 企业信贷需求疲软，短期贷款增加但中长期贷款同比减少，票据贴现增 加反映融资需求不足。产能过剩和央行利率管控加剧信贷需求恶化，优 质企业通过发债置换贷款进一步削弱信贷需求。 社融规模虽保持平稳但下行趋势未变，主要由表外融资和企业债券贡献。 预计 12 月社融增速将回落，2026 年社融增量预计减少，政府债券融资 规模虽略有增加但幅度有限。 M1 增速下降反映经济活性不高，四季度低基数效应减弱，M1 增速将进 一步下降，预示未来信贷需求可能持续低迷，新增贷款同比少增或成常 态，单月负增长压力增大。 房地产和基建相关贷款贡献大幅下降，地产相关贷款占比接近零，隐形 债务严控及地方政府财政压力缓解，大基建时代或结束，城投公司信贷 需求受限，居民消费信贷需求不振。 Q&A 10 月份的金融数据表现如何？ 10 月份的金融数据整体符合预期，但具体细节显示出一些问题。11 月 ...

11月新增社融约2.5万亿，同比小幅多增1597亿元，对应单月社融增 速持平于8.5%。结构上，少增部分主要是政府债和信贷，政府债少 增1048亿元，其次是人民币贷款同比少增1163亿元。其他方面多同 比多增，其中：企业债券受益于科创债延续多增以及债贷相对性价 比的提升（1YLPR-1YAA+中短票收益率之差10-11月整体上升）， 实现同比多增1788亿元；非标融资在低基数下同比多增1328亿元， 人民币升值背景下外币贷款同比多增246亿元。 25年11月金融数据：社融改善，信贷和存款仍 有待修复 2025年12月13日 事项：2025年12月12日，央行发布25年11月金融数据，新增社融 24885亿，同比多增1597亿元，高于wind市场预期的2.02万亿；信贷 口径，新增人民币贷款3900亿元，同比少增1900亿元，较市场预期 低1143亿元。 1 社融同比多增，主要是非标融资+企业债券多增贡献 3 存款活化趋势+流失压力，M1-M2剪刀差回落，存款结构上回落 分布相对均衡 M1、M2增速延续回落，M1-M2增速剪刀差下降。10月基数效应消退 后，M1增速重新回到回落区间，11月M1增速进一步回落1. ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant information provided Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - In November, the year-on-year increase in CPI was mainly driven by a sharp rebound in fresh vegetable prices, while PPI remained weak year-on-year. The unexpected rebound in exports may be due to factors such as the suppression of the base effect in October, Christmas stocking in Europe and the United States, and improvements in Sino-US tariffs. The structure of foreign trade exports continued to improve, with diversification results becoming prominent, and high-end manufacturing becoming the core driving force for exports [2]. - The economy still faces certain pressures. Although there is growth in durable goods and service consumption supported by policies on the consumer side, the structural differentiation of CPI and the mild rebound of core CPI reflect that the overall consumer willingness of residents still needs to be boosted. Exports rebounded unexpectedly in November, and the trade structure continued to improve. Affected by the high base of pre - emptive exports in the first half of this year, the resilience of foreign trade growth next year needs to be continuously observed. The 75BP interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in the second half of the year have brought changes in global liquidity, and overseas trade frictions may still continuously disrupt export expectations. Against the backdrop of the intertwining of internal and external factors, the probability of the introduction of growth - stabilizing policies such as reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts has increased, and attention should be paid to the implementation effects of policies and the improvement signals of prices and foreign trade [3]. - The performance of the bond market in 2026 is expected to be better than expected. Since the second half of the year, the bond market has often deviated from the fundamentals and is mainly dominated by institutional behavior. From the perspective of the domestic fundamentals, the domestic economic data is under pressure, and the necessity of lowering the policy interest rate has significantly increased. From the external environment, the Federal Reserve has cut interest rates by 75BP, and the inversion of the Sino - US interest rate spread has been significantly relieved. Currently, the yield of long - term bonds has reached a high point this year. Under the dual effects of internal and external factors, the probability of a successful long - position strategy is relatively high [3]. Group 3: Summary by Relevant Catalogs CPI Situation - In November, CPI increased by 0.7% year - on - year, the highest level since March 2024. Food prices turned from a decline of 2.9% last month to an increase of 0.2%, while non - food prices rose by 0.8% year - on - year. Core CPI increased by 1.2% year - on - year, maintaining above 1% for three consecutive months [2]. - Food prices "turning from negative to positive" were the core driving force. Fresh vegetable prices rose by 14.5% year - on - year, with the impact on the year - on - year increase of CPI increasing by about 0.49 percentage points. The year - on - year decline in pork prices narrowed to - 15.0%, and the prices of beef and mutton increased. Energy prices had a greater drag, with energy prices falling by 3.4% year - on - year [2]. - There was a structural differentiation in core CPI. On the industrial consumer goods side, the year - on - year increase in gold jewelry prices expanded to 58.4%, and clothing prices rose by 2.0%, but household appliance prices decreased. On the service side, although the demand for post - holiday travel declined, the prices of domestic services and dining out still maintained positive growth [2]. PPI Situation - In November, PPI decreased by 2.2% year - on - year, with the decline expanding by 0.1 percentage points. Production materials decreased by 2.4% year - on - year, and living materials decreased by 1.5% year - on - year. PPI increased by 0.1% month - on - month, maintaining positive growth for two consecutive months [2]. - Domestic policies and seasonal demand supported upstream prices. The start of "peak - winter power consumption" in November led to a surge in coal demand, and the prices of coal mining and washing and coal processing increased significantly month - on - month. The effects of comprehensive rectification of "involution - style" competition were evident, and the year - on - year decline in prices of some industries continued to narrow [2]. - Input factors showed a differentiated pattern. The increase in international non - ferrous metal prices drove up the prices of domestic non - ferrous metal mining and smelting industries, while the decline in international oil prices led to a decline in the prices of the oil and gas extraction and refined petroleum product industries [2]. - The seasonal decline in downstream demand for infrastructure restricted the overall ex - factory prices. The prices of the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry decreased both month - on - month and year - on - year, reflecting the weakening of infrastructure demand. Most industries' ex - factory prices were still under significant pressure year - on - year, but non - ferrous metal industries performed well [2][3]. Foreign Trade Situation - In November, the total value of imports and exports was 3.9 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 4.1%. Exports were 2.3 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 5.7%, turning from negative to positive compared with October. Imports were 1.6 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.7%, continuing the six - month growth trend. The trade structure continued to have the characteristics of "strong exports and stable imports" [3]. - Trade with the EU and Africa rebounded significantly, while the decline in exports to the US continued to expand. Exports to ASEAN maintained double - digit growth. Exports to the EU rebounded strongly, and exports to Africa had a high growth rate. Although the decline in exports to the US expanded, the drag on overall exports was offset by the growth of the EU and African markets [3]. - This month's unexpected export growth was mainly affected by the rebound in export growth to the EU and Africa. High - end manufacturing became the core driving force for the rebound. Exports of mechanical and electrical products and high - tech products increased significantly year - on - year, while the growth rates of labor - intensive products were still in the decline range [3].

中信证券表示，2025年中央经济工作会议提出要"苦练内功"，预计2026年财政政策将继续保持支持力度，内需主导、创新驱动和改革攻坚将是重点任务。债 市方面，预计2026年初债市的胜率和赔率将有阶段性上修，反映出市场对政策的积极预期。整体来看，政策的灵活性和高效性将为债市提供支撑。 基准国债ETF（511100）跟踪上证基准做市国债指数，选取上交所基准做市品种名单范围内的全部国债作为成分券，目前指数在各个关键性久期上选取1-3 只券，其中20年4只、30年7只、3年、10年各3只、1年、50年、5年、2年各2只，对应组合整体久期为9.37，是偏向综合性的中期国债指数。 截至2025年12月12日9:44，基准国债ETF(511100)上涨0.08%， 冲击4连涨。流动性方面，截至12月11日，基准国债ETF近1周日均成交111.40亿元。资金流入 方面，基准国债ETF近5个交易日合计"吸金"1069.68万元，最新规模达111.31亿元。 从收益能力看，截至2025年12月11日，基准国债ETF自成立以来，最高单月回报为2.67%，最长连涨月数为9个月，最长连涨涨幅为6.94%，涨跌月数比为 15/8，年盈利百 ...