去年年底以来，⬀策层及官媒开始营造反内ⷑ的社会氛围。而⯆造业信贷的放 缓、部⮇过Ⱁ行业投资回落以及工业企业⮵润的温和修复似乎显示了再平衡已⮤ 见成效。然而，一家头部新能源车企于周一大幅降价促销，引发了市场ⲁ荡，同 时也重新引发了市场对于中国经济和再通胀⯥景的辩论。 对工业企业⮵润的进一步研究表明，根深蒂固的供需错配仍在⯆约中国的再通 胀。考虑⮽通过债ⱷ推ⲁ的强⯌激政策或已成为过去式，我们认为中国目⯥的再 平衡和再通胀需要伴随一些结构性的改革，ⴎ括社会福⮵的改善、债ⱷ重组、税 ⯆改革以及营造有⮵于增长的监管环境。上述改革皆有难度，因此我们认为实施 的步伐将是循序渐进的，再通胀短期内仍具挑战，而中长期内也无坦途。 #1. 工业企业利润修复主要由于销量以及降本增效，然而定价能力仍然羸弱。 我们可以将工业企业利润增速拆分为三项：售价（使用PPI来观察）、⮵润率（统 计局数据）以及销量（ Exhibit 1 ）。拆⮇后我们可以总结三点： 1.利润率受基数影响，夸大了整体利润增速的改善：去年三季度之后，工业企业⮵ 润同比增速现了明显的反弹，从去年9月份-27%的低谷一路上ⶍ⮽今年4月份 的3.3%。然而，去年三季度⮵润增 ...

全球折扣零售王者——Costco 于北京时间 5 月 30 日美股盘后，发布了截至月份的 2025 财年 3 季度财报。如往常一致，本季 Costco 的表现仍是波澜不惊的平稳， 具体来看： 1、同店增长依然稳健：Costco 本季度整体同店名义销售增速为 5.7% ，相比上季度显著放缓了 1.1pct。但实际 主要是受油价和汇率影响的拖累，剔除这些因素后 同店增速仍达 7.9%， 表现并不差。 价量驱动上， 同店客流量本季增长 5.2%，只是略有放缓。但受汇率等的拖累，平均客单价同比增速本季明显下滑到 0.4% ，是名义同店销售增长走弱的主要原 因。 2、海外地区增长并不差：加拿大和其他国际地区 3% 上下的名义增速明显跑输美国本土 6.6% 的同比。 海外看似疲软，但 实际也只是受油价和汇率的扰动。 剔除这部分因素 ，加拿大和其他国际地区的同店销售增速都在 8% 上下，和美国地区是基本一致的。 可见， Costco 实际在全球范围内的经营表现都相当稳健。 3、会员费收入：本季为$12.4 亿，比预期稍低了 0.1 亿。不过趋势上，同比增长 10.4%，是 4Q23 以来最高的。属于趋势向好，但没市场预期的 ...

证券研究报告·固定收益·固收周报 固收周报 20250512 继续围绕转债核心稀缺资产进行抢筹配置 2025 年 05 月 12 日 证券分析师 李勇 执业证书：S0600519040001 010-66573671 liyong@dwzq.com.cn 证券分析师 陈伯铭 执业证书：S0600523020002 chenbm@dwzq.com.cn 相关研究 《 4 月外贸数据和降准降息落地，债 券抢跑仍需消化》 2025-05-11 《二级资本债周度数据跟踪 （20250505-20250509）》 2025-05-11 东吴证券研究所 1 / 21 请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明部分 [Table_Tag] [Table_Summary] ◼ 上周（0505－0509）美债收益率长短端继续向上修复，期限利差维持在 大约 50bp 左右，我们认为一方面鲍威尔重审了联储对再通胀的担忧， 一方面美英之间达成贸易协议，前期我们认为广泛主要经济体将以拖待 变，目前我们认为或出现分化，部分国家将以美英协议为基准从而快速 同美达成共识，其余部分国家将不认可美英协议，并坚持在 WTO 多边 主义框架下同美对话，但无论如何 ...

◼ 降准降息落地，叠加关税战后的首份外贸数据公布，债市将如何反应？ 2025 年 5 月 9 日，海关总署公布了我国 4 月进出口数据。按美元计价， 2025 年 4 月，我国进出口总值 5352 亿美元，同比增长 4.6%。其中，出 口 3157 亿美元，同比增长 8.1%；进口 2195 亿美元，同比增长-0.2%； 贸易顺差 962 亿美元，去年同期为顺差 720 亿美元。从主要出口经济体 来看，占我国 2025 年 4 月出口金额当月值前三位的依然为东盟、美国 和欧盟，其对整体出口金额的拉动率分别为 3.98%、-2.2%和 1.22%。自 美国宣布对等关税政策后，由于外部环境的不确定性陡增，且东南亚国 家目前仍有关税豁免，因此我国出口呈现出明显的"抢出口"和转口贸 易特征，东盟对出口的拉动较 3 月上升 1.81 个百分点。同时，在 5 月 7 日召开的新闻发布会上，潘行长宣布了降准降息落地，在我们此前发布 的报告《双降之后，债券市场怎么走？》中，已经有详细的分析。在此 我们对观点进行重申，由于新闻发布会上，潘行长提及了"10 年期国债 收益率徘徊在 1.65%左右"，市场将其作为了一个"锚"，债券 ...

美联储9月议息会议决定降息50个基点，超预期降息之后，美债收益率不跌反涨，似乎逆转了此前市场对美国经济将 很快陷入衰退的预测。截至10月21日，对货币政策敏感的2年期美债收益率反弹至4.03%，创8月20日以来最高纪录， 但依旧低于去年同期的5.07%，此前其在9月24日一度降至3.49%；反映美国经济增长前景的10年期美债收益率反弹至 4.2%，创7月29日以来最高纪录，此前其在9月16日一度降至3.63%，去年同期为4.93%。 9月下旬至今，美债再次下跌，遭遇了一轮较大规模的抛售。主要有两个方面的原因导致这一轮抛售：一是美国 经济数据超预期回升，市场对美联储11月降息的预期明显降温；二是由于市场预估特朗普将赢得美国大选，其减税、 加征关税和扩大财政支出政策有可能导致通胀回升，市场开始交易"再通胀"逻辑。 展望后市，我们认为美债收益率很难长时间维持高位，原因主要来自三方面：一是高企的美元利率不利于美国财政的 可持续性；二是美国经济增长放缓是很难避免的，因私人部门消费增长已经在放缓；三是再通胀反过来会削弱经济增 长动能。 两因素导致美债短期遭遇抛售 导致近期美债收益率反弹的原因主要有两方面： 一方面是美国经 ...

中信建投证券研报认为，站在当下时间点展望未来黄金走势，提示重点把握三个时间维度。维度一，二 季度美联储降息拐点临近，2024年金价或续创新高。维度二，国际政经关系重塑过程中，金价中枢或已 系统性上移。维度三，海外新一轮货币宽松"见顶"后，周期上金价走势将再度锚定"再通胀"的深度和广 度。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing inflation risks in the U.S. due to tariff policies and the potential economic recession, highlighting the challenges faced by the Federal Reserve in balancing inflation control and economic growth [16][27][30]. Market Overview - U.S. stock indices experienced fluctuations, with the Nasdaq composite index showing a significant decline [1]. - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield reached a high of 4.5%, marking the highest level since February [11][12]. - The Federal Reserve's total assets increased by nearly $4 billion, indicating a potential shift towards quantitative easing [9]. Inflation and Economic Indicators - The U.S. CPI rose by 2.4% year-on-year in March, lower than market expectations, while core CPI increased by 2.8%, the smallest rise since March 2021 [18]. - The article notes that the March CPI may represent the lowest point for the year, with future inflation risks heightened by tariff-induced price increases [19][21]. Tariff Impact - The article emphasizes that U.S. tariff policies are likely to exacerbate inflation pressures and economic risks, with predictions of consumer prices rising significantly due to tariffs [16][22]. - Analysts predict that food prices will be among the first to increase as a result of tariffs, with broader consumer goods expected to follow [22]. Economic Growth Projections - The article cites a reduction in GDP growth forecasts for the U.S., with expectations of a slowdown in non-farm employment growth and an increase in unemployment rates [28]. - The risk of a recession in the U.S. is estimated to be between 30% to 35%, with economic expansion expected to continue but at a much lower rate [28]. Federal Reserve's Dilemma - The Federal Reserve faces a challenging situation, needing to manage inflation without triggering a recession, with concerns that early rate cuts could lead to uncontrolled inflation [26][30]. - The article highlights the uncertainty surrounding the Fed's monetary policy path, which will depend on the impact of tariffs and other economic indicators [29].

以下文章来源于睿知睿见 ，作者睿知睿见 睿知睿见 . 一个好的投资者，其能量一定的积极的，向上的，乐观的！ 别人看着他，就像看着太阳！ 他还能用朴 实易懂的语言，传递正确的投资理念！ 长按即可参与 风险提示：本文所提到的观点仅代表个人的意见，所涉及标的不作推荐，据此买卖，风险自负。 作者： 睿知睿见 来源：雪球 从特朗普胜选后，市场对美国经济的预期就在不断的发生变化。 一会认为会再通胀，一会认为会滞胀，一会认为会 衰退。 为什么市场的预期会变来变去呢？ 第三，商品价格大幅上涨，导致居民需求大幅下降，需求下降的速度更快，最终就会引发衰退。 也就是说， 商品价格上涨的幅度不同，导致的结果就不同。 一、市场预期的变化 在特朗普胜选前，市场根据民调已经预期特朗普会胜出了。 市场知道，一旦特朗普胜出，拜登政府就会突击式花钱，所以开始交易再通胀，2年美债利率上 升。 特朗普胜出后就再一个劲的鼓吹自己会创纪录式的加征关税，虽然市场认为特朗普会加税，但不 会有他说的那么离谱，于是开始交易滞胀，2年美债利率横着走。 特朗普上台后，出招一次比一次狠，这就让市场认为特朗普不是闹着玩的，于是开始交易衰退，2 年美债利率下跌，美股下跌 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the non-ferrous metals sector and basic metals and processing [3]. Core Views - The report indicates that basic metals are likely to remain weak due to rising recession expectations in the U.S. following the announcement of reciprocal tariffs, while precious metals, particularly gold, may have significant upward potential due to inflationary pressures and recession risks [1][14]. Summary by Sections Basic Metals - The report highlights that the recent reciprocal tariffs have led to a significant drop in copper prices, with expectations of continued weakness in prices due to heightened recession fears in the U.S. [10][12]. - Copper prices fell sharply after the announcement of tariffs, with the cumulative tariff rate on China reaching 54% over 25 years, leading to a decline in domestic copper processing rates [10]. - Aluminum prices also showed a downward trend, with a reported price of 20,520 CNY/ton, down 1.44% week-on-week, and expectations of weak demand due to global recession concerns [11]. Precious Metals - Gold prices experienced a decline due to liquidity issues, despite not being directly affected by the new tariffs. The report notes that gold prices closed at 738.97 CNY/gram, reflecting a 4.23% increase week-on-week [13][24]. - The report maintains a positive outlook for gold, suggesting that inflationary disturbances and recession expectations will likely support its price in the future [14]. Lithium and Rare Earths - Lithium prices are expected to remain weak due to oversupply and declining demand, with the current price at 73,900 CNY/ton, down 0.54% week-on-week [16]. - Rare earth prices are also projected to fluctuate, with current prices for praseodymium-neodymium oxide at 442,000 CNY/ton, reflecting a slight increase, but demand may weaken in the short term due to tariff impacts [15]. Key Recommendations - The report recommends investing in leading companies such as Shandong Gold (1787 HK) with a target price of 20.65 CNY and an "Overweight" rating [3].

Group 1 - The report identifies that "air refueling" is occurring, indicating a potential acceleration in market growth, with 56% of all A-shares reaching new highs compared to the closing price on October 24, 2024, approaching the previous high of 60% [1][14][11] - Liquidity conditions are deemed sufficient for market growth, characterized by a balanced trading structure, increased participation from foreign and public funds replacing leveraged funds, and an anticipated rise in trading activity [11][14][1] - The report suggests that the core of the current bull market is the relative price advantage of assets, with an estimated inflow of 10 to 20 trillion yuan into the stock market due to the migration of excess savings [36][12][1] Group 2 - The report highlights a resurgence of liquidity-driven trading logic, with a significant increase in the proportion of stocks with rising PEG ratios from 46% to 72% over two weeks, indicating a favorable trading environment [40][41][1] - The report notes that the market is experiencing a rotation phase, with a potential rebalancing between large and small-cap stocks, reflecting a shift in investor preferences [41][40][1] Group 3 - The report recommends a dual-line investment strategy: focusing on small-cap growth stocks in the technology sector, such as chips, robotics, and artificial intelligence, while also emphasizing core consumer assets that are expected to see valuation recovery [44][5][1] - It is suggested that the current economic recovery and stabilization of asset prices will enhance the performance of core assets, particularly in sectors like food and beverage, home appliances, and pharmaceuticals [44][5][1]