超长债投资展望： 30 年国债：截至 2 月 13 日，30 年国债和 10 年国债利差为 45BP，处于 历史偏低水平。从国内经济数据来看，12 月经济下行压力有所缓解。我 们测算的 12 月国内 GDP 同比增速约 4.5%，增速较 11 月回升 0.4%。通 胀方面，1 月 CPI 为 0.2%，PPI 为-1.4%，通缩风险继续缓解。我们认为， 近期债市回调概率更大。一方面，2024 年四季度以来的经济企稳，主要 来自于中央加杠杆的托底。2025 年四季度无增发国债，短期政府托底经 济力度减弱，2025年四季度 GDP增速已经回落到了后疫情时代最低水平， 我国经济依然承压。同时从中央经济工作会议和政治局会议来看，2026 年党中央更加重视高质量发展，经济总量"稳中求进"的重要性次序有 所调降。另一方面，春节前后属于统计局数据真空期，当前利率绝对水 平偏低，A 股春季躁动量价齐升，预计股债跷跷板效应强化。近期 30-10 利差高位企稳，预计短期利差高位震荡为主。 证券研究报告 | 2026年02月23日 超长债周报 30-10 期限利差继续高位震荡 核心观点 固定收益周报 超长债复盘：1 月通胀继续回暖 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - Last week, the 1 - month PMI dropped significantly to 49.3, the central bank's treasury bond trading in January increased to 100 billion, precious metals and A - shares fluctuated greatly, the bond market rose sharply again, and the ultra - long bond yield reached a recent low. The trading activity of ultra - long bonds increased significantly, the term spread narrowed, and the variety spread widened [1][4][12]. - For the 30 - year treasury bond, as of February 6, the spread between the 30 - year and 10 - year treasury bonds was 44BP, at a relatively low historical level. For the 20 - year CDB bond, the spread between the 20 - year CDB bond and 20 - year treasury bond was 14BP, at an extremely low historical position. The probability of a near - term bond market correction is high due to factors such as weakened government support and the stock - bond seesaw effect. The 30 - 10 spread is expected to fluctuate at a high level in the short term, and the variety spread of the 20 - year CDB bond is expected to continue to fluctuate narrowly [2][3][13]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Weekly Review 3.1.1 Ultra - long Bond Review - The 1 - month PMI in January dropped to 49.3, the central bank's treasury bond trading increased to 100 billion, precious metals and A - shares fluctuated, the bond market rose, and the ultra - long bond yield reached a recent low. Trading was very active, the term spread narrowed, and the variety spread widened [1][4][12]. 3.1.2 Ultra - long Bond Investment Outlook - **30 - year Treasury Bond**: As of February 6, the spread was 44BP. The economy's downward pressure eased in December, with a GDP growth rate of about 4.5%, up 0.4% from November. CPI was 0.8% and PPI was - 1.9% in December. The bond market is likely to correct due to weakened government support and the stock - bond seesaw effect. The 30 - 10 spread is expected to fluctuate at a high level [2][13]. - **20 - year CDB Bond**: As of February 6, the spread was 14BP. Similar economic data as the 30 - year treasury bond. The bond market is likely to correct, and the variety spread is expected to fluctuate narrowly [3][14]. 3.1.3 Ultra - long Bond Basic Overview - The balance of outstanding ultra - long bonds was 24.8 trillion. By variety, local government bonds and treasury bonds were the main ones. By remaining term, the 30 - year variety had the highest proportion [15]. 3.2 Primary Market 3.2.1 Weekly Issuance - Last week (February 2 - 6, 2026), the issuance of ultra - long bonds soared to 321.9 billion yuan. By variety, local government bonds accounted for the largest share. By term, 30 - year bonds had the largest issuance [20]. 3.2.2 This Week's Scheduled Issuance - The announced issuance plan for this week is 159.7 billion yuan, mainly ultra - long local government bonds [24]. 3.3 Secondary Market 3.3.1 Trading Volume - Last week, the trading of ultra - long bonds was very active, with a turnover of 1064.4 billion yuan, accounting for 12.2% of all bond turnovers. Compared with the previous week, the turnover and proportion increased [27]. 3.3.2 Yield - The ultra - long bond yield reached a recent low. Yields of different - term treasury bonds, CDB bonds, local bonds, and railway bonds changed. Representative individual bonds also had yield changes [35][36]. 3.3.3 Spread Analysis - **Term Spread**: It narrowed last week, with the 30 - year - 10 - year treasury bond spread at 44BP, down 2BP from the previous week, at the 31st percentile since 2010 [44]. - **Variety Spread**: It widened last week. The 20 - year CDB bond - treasury bond spread was 14BP, and the 20 - year railway bond - treasury bond spread was 21BP, at the 12th and 16th percentiles since 2010 respectively [48]. 3.4 30 - year Treasury Bond Futures - Last week, the main 30 - year treasury bond futures contract TL2603 closed at 112.57 yuan, up 0.58%. The total trading volume was 503,700 lots (76,441 lots), and the open interest was 117,600 lots (- 17,239 lots). The trading volume increased slightly, and the open interest decreased slightly [51].

Group 1: Bond Market Analysis - The bond market experienced a significant pullback this week, with short-term bonds supported by central bank liquidity and demand, maintaining stable yields[1] - Long-term bonds faced pressure due to policy concerns and profit-taking, but later recovered as fundamental expectations solidified and institutional buying resumed[1] - The recent actions of major banks to withdraw large-denomination certificates of deposit have raised expectations for interest rate declines, providing policy support for a potential bond market recovery[1] Group 2: Market Performance Overview - From November 22 to November 29, the CSI 300 index rose by 1.65%, the Hang Seng Index increased by 2.54%, and the S&P 500 gained 3.73%[2] - The 10-year China bond yield increased by 2.47 basis points, while the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield decreased by 4 basis points[2] - The U.S. dollar index fell by 0.72%, and the offshore RMB appreciated by 0.49%[2] Group 3: Inventory and Fund Behavior - The latest weekly crude oil inventory stood at 44,355 million tons, up by 2.78 million tons from the previous week[3] - The latest week saw a decrease in long positions in the U.S. dollar by 177 contracts, while short positions increased by 1,611 contracts[3] - The gold ETF size rose to 3,361 million ounces, an increase of 160,000 ounces from the previous week[3]

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - The credit bond ETF market is experiencing fluctuations, with a total scale of 475.7 billion yuan and a daily decrease of 1.81 billion yuan, indicating a volatile market environment influenced by recent economic events [1]. Market Overview - The overall trading volume in the bond market reached 211.7 billion yuan, with an average transaction size of 5.18 million yuan. The median turnover rate was 43.6% [1]. - The median yield in the market is 1.93%, with a median discount rate of -22.0 basis points [1]. ETF Performance - The Ping An Company Bond ETF (511030) has shown resilience, maintaining a premium of 1 basis point despite the overall market downturn, attributed to strong customer buying during market declines [1]. - The Ping An Company Bond ETF ranks first in drawdown control since the market adjustment began, indicating a stable net value and manageable drawdown [1]. Recent Market Events - The bond market faced a "black swan" event in early October, leading to a trading recovery window amidst rising tariff disputes. This has resulted in increased volatility in both stock and bond markets, with risk-averse trading becoming a new theme [1]. - The market experienced fluctuations with significant movements on specific dates, including a strong stock market on September 29 and subsequent adjustments in the bond market [1].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market continues to experience a downturn, with government bond futures showing a significant decline and a tightening liquidity environment affecting market sentiment [1][2][5]. Market Performance - Government bond futures closed lower across the board, with the 30-year main contract down 0.86% to 114.76, marking the lowest close since March 19 [2]. - The yield on the 10-year government bond increased by 2.75 basis points to 1.822%, while the yield on the 30-year bond rose by 2.5 basis points to 2.096% [2]. - The China Convertible Bond Index fell by 0.63% to 474.4 points, with a trading volume of 724.47 billion [2]. Overseas Market Trends - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields rose collectively, with the 2-year yield increasing by 7.41 basis points to 3.560% [3]. - Asian markets saw most bond yields rise, with the 5-year and 10-year yields increasing by 1.5 basis points and 0.4 basis points, respectively [3]. - In the Eurozone, most bond yields also increased, with the UK 10-year yield rising by 1.7 basis points to 4.621% [3]. Primary Market - The weighted average yield for the 91-day Treasury bond was 1.2745%, with a bid-to-cover ratio of 3.04 [4]. - The 5-year fixed-rate bond had a weighted average yield of 1.5973% and a bid-to-cover ratio of 3.24 [4]. - The 50-year special treasury bond had a yield of 2.2227% with a bid-to-cover ratio of 4.18 [4]. Liquidity Conditions - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation with a total of 3,040 billion at an interest rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net injection of 749 billion for the day [5]. - Short-term Shibor rates mostly increased, with the overnight rate rising by 0.6 basis points to 1.425% [5]. Economic Indicators - August CPI decreased by 0.4% year-on-year, while PPI fell by 2.9%, indicating a narrowing decline compared to the previous month [7]. - The core CPI has shown an expanding growth rate for four consecutive months, reflecting the effectiveness of policies aimed at boosting domestic demand [7]. Institutional Insights - Long-term liquidity is expected to remain stable, with the central bank likely to continue providing support for government bond issuance [8]. - The new regulations on public fund sales fees are anticipated to enhance the stability of public bond funds, potentially leading to increased inflows into bond ETFs [8].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the convertible bond market and the broader equity market in China, particularly focusing on the A-share market and its dynamics influenced by global liquidity and economic factors [1][3][4]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Positive Factors for Equity Market**: The A-share market is supported by multiple favorable factors, including global liquidity easing expectations, performance risk release, alleviation of external pressures, technological industry catalysts, and a positive cycle of capital inflow [1][3]. 2. **Convertible Bond Market Dynamics**: The convertible bond market is experiencing a tight supply-demand balance, with accelerated redemptions of existing bonds and insufficient new issuance. Institutional investors show strong demand for convertible bonds, leading to significant growth in convertible bond ETFs [1][4][5]. 3. **Price and Valuation Trends**: The median price of convertible bonds has surpassed 135 yuan, indicating high historical valuations. Despite this, there is still potential for upward movement due to the anticipated slow bull market in equities and the rising proportion of professional institutional investors [1][6]. 4. **Investment Strategy Recommendation**: A "barbell" investment strategy is suggested, focusing on high-quality equity-oriented targets in technology sectors (e.g., AI computing, semiconductors) while also selecting low-priced bonds with potential for price adjustments [1][7]. 5. **Market Correction Indicators**: The current bond market correction is attributed to changes in market expectations rather than economic data improvement. Key indicators to assess whether the correction has stabilized include the narrowing of the 30-year to 10-year treasury yield spread and increased trading activity in local and long-term bonds [1][8]. Additional Important Content 1. **Recent Market Performance**: In the past week, the equity market saw significant gains, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising from 3,700 to 3,800 points, marking a ten-year high. The convertible bond index outperformed the underlying stocks, reflecting strong market sentiment [2]. 2. **Convertible Bond Supply and Demand**: Since July, 37 convertible bonds have been announced for forced redemption, totaling 34.5 billion yuan, while only six new bonds have been issued, amounting to 8.78 billion yuan, indicating a constrained supply environment [4][5]. 3. **Institutional Investor Behavior**: The growth of convertible bond ETFs, with a 48.3% increase in total shares since July, highlights the strong willingness of institutional investors to increase their positions in this asset class [5]. 4. **Global Economic Influences**: The Chinese dollar bond market is showing signs of recovery and differentiation, with a rebound in issuance but still facing negative net financing. The market is primarily driven by financial and industrial entities, with a low proportion of real estate dollar bonds [3][19]. 5. **Future Focus Areas**: Investment focus should be on investment-grade and mid-to-high-grade entities, including local government financing vehicles and central state-owned enterprises in sectors like energy and public utilities [22]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, providing insights into the convertible bond market, equity market dynamics, and strategic investment recommendations.

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles suggests that the bond market's recent pullback is primarily driven by changes in expectations rather than actual improvements in economic data, indicating that if expectations are fully priced in, interest rates may have peaked in the short term [1] Group 2 - The bond market is showing signs of recovery, with the 10-year and 30-year government bond yields decreasing by 1.9 basis points and 3.15 basis points respectively, indicating a potential stabilization in market sentiment [3] - The sentiment in the bond market is reflected in the performance of government bond futures, which experienced fluctuations but ultimately closed slightly higher at 108.00 [2] - The insurance sector is expected to increase its allocation to local and long-term bonds, suggesting a shift in investment strategy towards absolute returns as the market stabilizes [1]

Group 1 - In July, the bond market experienced adjustments due to strong performance in other asset classes, leading to relative pressure on bonds [1] - The surge in prices of cyclical stocks and commodities like polysilicon and coking coal contributed to rising inflation expectations, causing bond yields to increase by approximately 10 basis points in July [1] - The current yield on the ten-year government bond has retreated to around 1.7% after commodity prices fell, still below the year's peak yield of 1.89% [1] Group 2 - Following interest rate adjustments, the overall yield on credit bonds showed a fluctuating upward trend in July, while credit spreads remained at low levels [2] - The current bond market is characterized by a stable funding rate, with R007 maintaining a consistent level aligned with policy rates [2] - The bond market is in a range-bound state, with strategies suggested to gradually increase holdings in long-term bonds at yield peaks and reduce holdings near 1.6% [2]

Group 1: Report Summary - The report focuses on the bond market correction in the 4th week of July 2025 and analyzes its causes and future trends [1][2] Group 2: Investment Rating - No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report Group 3: Core Viewpoints - The bond market correction on July 29 was mainly due to institutional behavior, and future attention should be paid to the decline in borrowing volume and the stabilization of bond fund redemptions [2][7] - The long - term bullish logic of the bond market has not changed, and it is still too early to talk about a bond market reversal [7] Group 4: Characteristics of the Bond Market Correction - Intra - day fluctuations were small, and interest rates continued to rise, different from the rapid decline in the late trading in 2024 [3] - The correction was not directly caused by factors such as the stock - bond seesaw, and it was difficult to explain from the macro - capital flow [3] - The adjustment of 10Y China Development Bank bonds and 30Y treasury bonds was the most obvious, with an upward amplitude of about 4bp [3] Group 5: Reasons from the Institutional Behavior Perspective - On July 29, both securities firms and funds were net sellers throughout the day, which was different from the past [4] - Medium - and long - term bond funds faced redemption pressure, and funds continued to flow out slightly [4] - Securities firms were borrowing and selling bonds, mainly borrowing 10Y China Development Bank bonds and 30Y treasury bonds for short - selling on the cash bond side, similar to the situation in the first quarter of this year [4] Group 6: Macro - background Factors - With increasing macro - disturbance factors such as the childcare subsidy policy and waiting for the Politburo meeting and Sino - US negotiations, securities firms may increase borrowing and selling [6] Group 7: Future Market Outlook - The bond market correction was a resonance of trading desks actively increasing borrowing and selling and continuous bond fund redemptions [7] - High - frequency attention should be paid to whether securities firms further increase short - selling through borrowing and whether the bond fund redemption pressure ends completely [7] Group 8: Impact of Insurance Institutions - The reduction of the预定 interest rate by insurance institutions may have a "short - term positive and long - term negative" impact on the bond market [6] - In the short term, increased premium income may lead to more purchases of ultra - long bonds during corrections, but in the long term, the preference for 30Y treasury bonds has declined, and local government bonds are the main allocation bonds [6] Group 9: Potential Scale of Securities Firms' Borrowing and Selling - If securities firms continue to increase borrowing and selling, the net selling scale may reach up to 35 billion yuan under a pessimistic assumption [6]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core View of the Report - In the past week, the bond market continued to correct, hitting the largest decline since April. The correction was due to multiple negative factors such as the stock - bond seesaw, commodity price increases, and tightened funds. After the central bank's MLF and OMO injections on Friday, the decline converged [8][13]. - There are three key considerations for this bond market correction: the reason for the lack of a double - bull market in stocks and bonds lies in actual money flows and central bank's money supply; high - duration crowding restricts the bond market's strategic space; the impact of commodity price increases on the bond market is greater than that of the previous rise in financial stocks [8][13]. Summary by Directory 1. Three Reflections on the Current Bond Market Correction 1.1 Why There Is No Double - Bull Market in Stocks and Bonds - The stock - bond seesaw after July deviated from the normal logic of the DDM model. The outflow of funds from the bond market and the tightened expectation of central bank's injection might be the main reasons. The funds flowing into the bond market are not cheap, and there is also an issue of funds overflowing to the equity market due to low bond market interest rates [8][13]. - The strength of the equity market led to the outflow of high - risk - preference funds from the bond market. Currently, the bond market is in a situation where the stock is strong and the bond is weak, with the cash - CD spread widening and the rising capital interest rate further suppressing the bond market. However, in 2015, even when the stock market was extremely bullish, the yield of the 10 - year Treasury bond only increased by about 20bp [14]. - Under the current stable and loose monetary policy, funds flow more strongly into the equity market than the bond market. In reality, equity institutions rely on funds "overflowing" from the bond market; in terms of expectations, the central bank's loose policy statements boost market sentiment. Since 2025, both aspects have been positive for the equity market. On the contrary, the central bank's cautious medium - term capital injection has led to an obvious outflow of institutional funds from the bond market, and the bond market faces the problem of expensive medium - term stable funds [15]. - The key for the bond market to strengthen lies in whether the CD rate can decline naturally. In the short term, observe the decline rate of cross - month CDs and gradually increase positions following the downward trend. In the long term, 1.7% may be a hard resistance level for 1 - year CDs, and as bank funds stop flowing out and the replacement of deposit rates is completed, the CD rate may decline naturally [5][19]. 1.2 What High - Duration Crowding Means - Around June, the bond market saw consistent bullish expectations, crowded institutional behaviors, and rising bond fund durations, but the cash bond interest rate did not decline significantly. Although the long - term logic is still optimistic, high leverage has led to a lack of strategic adjustment space and defensive flexibility for investors, making it difficult to wait for the long - term logic to materialize [6][22]. - In a high - duration and high - leverage environment, the cash bond position adjustment mode is limited, and only "buying short and selling long" can be used. When long - and short - term expectations deviate, the market tends to sell long - term bonds. Moreover, asset management institutions face liability - side pressure and may be forced to sell bonds, making it difficult to maintain long - term positions [6][23]. - In an environment where institutional behaviors are highly crowded but expectations are not met, investors can actively reduce duration exposure or switch to more liquid assets. Although the bond market stabilized slightly on Friday, the bulls in Treasury bond futures are still fragile. It is recommended to wait for the improvement of sentiment and technical indicators before betting on the next possible positive factors [6][28]. 1.3 The Difference in the Impact on the Bond Market between Commodity and Financial Stock Price Increases - The rise in commodity prices has a greater impact on the bond market than the previous rise in bank stocks. Bank stocks and bonds are both safe - haven assets under the expectation of a gentle economic recovery, and their fluctuations only lead to a mild adjustment of funds between stocks and bonds. However, the rise in commodity futures reflects the expectation of economic recovery, which is completely opposite to the underlying logic of the bond market's strength. Once commodities continue to strengthen, it will subvert the core pricing basis of the bond market and cause violent fluctuations [8][29]. - Currently, only supply - side changes have occurred, and the recovery of demand is still unclear. There is no need to rush to revise the expectation of the interest rate center upwards in the short term [29]. 2. Weekly Bond Market Review - **Funds**: From July 21st to July 25th, 2025, the central bank conducted 16,563 billion yuan of open - market reverse repurchases, with 17,268 billion yuan maturing, resulting in a net withdrawal of 705 billion yuan. The DR001 rate rose 6.08bp to 1.52%, the DR007 rate rose 14.56bp to 1.65%, and the 1 - year AAA CD rate rose 5.75bp to 1.68% [31]. - **Cash Bonds and Futures**: Referring to ChinaBond valuations, the yields of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year Treasury bonds rose 5.52bp, 7.92bp, 6.72bp, and 8.4bp respectively. The yields of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year CDB bonds rose 5.58bp, 9.53bp, 9.05bp, and 4.93bp respectively. The closing prices of TS, TF, T, and TL main contracts fell 0.12%, 0.4%, 0.56%, and 2.08% respectively. - **Primary Market**: In the past week, 81 interest - rate bonds were issued, totaling 939.8 billion yuan, including 5 Treasury bonds worth 406 billion yuan, 15 policy - bank bonds worth 158 billion yuan, and 61 local government bonds worth 375.8 billion yuan. The total repayment of interest - rate bonds last week was 618.6 billion yuan, with a net financing of 321.2 billion yuan [33]. - **Market Sentiment**: Throughout the week, the stock - bond seesaw and tight funds pressured the bond market sentiment, and interest rates fluctuated upwards. At the beginning of the week, the start of the Yarlung Zangbo River hydropower project and market speculation on policies led to the strengthening of stocks and commodities, and the bond market sentiment was continuously pressured. On Thursday night, the central bank's window guidance and increased OMO injection on Friday provided some support to the bond market, and interest rates declined slightly [34]. 3. Relative Asset Value 3.1 Overall Expansion of Yield Spreads of Treasury and CDB Bonds at Various Maturities - Except for the long - end CDB yield spread (30Y - 10Y), the yield spreads of Treasury and CDB bonds at various maturities generally expanded, and most were still below the median of historical percentiles. The spread between Treasury and CDB bonds also expanded. The spread between new and old bonds generally contracted, especially the spread between new and old Treasury bonds [44]. - The non - CDB - CDB yield spread expanded or contracted differently, and the local government bond yield spread generally contracted [44]. 3.2 Credit Bonds: Overall Widening of Maturity and Credit Spreads - The maturity spreads of various credit bonds generally widened. The maturity spreads of enterprise bonds and secondary - capital bonds showed a pattern of long - end contraction and short - end expansion. The credit spreads of various credit bonds generally expanded, and most were still below the median of historical percentiles [46].