马涌杭 1976年年底，博尔赫斯从皮诺切特手中接受了贝尔纳多·奥希金斯大十字勋章，其遗孀玛丽亚·儿玉后来 证实，正是这个勋章让他永远地失去了获得诺贝尔文学奖的机会。博尔赫斯种种的行为轨迹几乎使人忘 记了那个自20世纪20年代就开始认真地畅想一个民主的阿根廷的作家。他曾拥护的政治集团毫无阻拦地 去到了民主的对立面，而阿根廷的民主重建曾是博尔赫斯所"期盼的最后一件事"。 博尔赫斯的政治立场留给世人最显著的印象，就是旗帜鲜明地反对庇隆主义。当时，几乎使所有的知识 分子都反对他的独裁，博尔赫斯并不突出。不过，当庇隆被赶下台而民主政治在阿兰布鲁的军事镇压下 毫无进展时，博尔赫斯却对后者表现出了格外宽厚的耐心，他也正是在此时成为了民主的质疑者——如 果立刻进行选举，群众基础牢固的庇隆仍会当选。博尔赫斯在一种神秘的驱动下逐渐走向偏执，他曾使 用一种颇为古典的二分法形容庇隆主义的风行是"野蛮战胜文明"，这种说法源自他的母亲。这位阿根廷 作家的政治立场与其说是相对独立的价值判断，不如说是其家庭和情感生活的一种投射，并且在某种意 义上象征了博尔赫斯寻求独立与自我实现的失败。 博尔赫斯最早的政治立场可以从他对卢贡内斯的反对中寻找到 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rise of female conservative political leaders in Japan, particularly focusing on the potential of Sanae Takaichi to become Japan's first female Prime Minister, paralleling trends seen in Europe with leaders like Giorgia Meloni and Marine Le Pen [2][6]. Group 1: Female Leadership in Politics - Sanae Takaichi is seen as a significant figure in Japan's political landscape, marking the first time a woman has led the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since its establishment in 1955 [4]. - The emergence of female leaders in conservative parties is viewed as a response to the previous failures of liberal parties to break the "glass ceiling" despite attempts to promote gender equality [5][6]. - The article highlights the cautious stance of Takaichi on issues like "selective surname for married couples," raising questions about the advancement of gender equality under her leadership [4]. Group 2: Nationalism and Gender - The article notes a trend where women in politics are sometimes used as tools for nationalism, with Takaichi's leadership potentially intertwining national identity with gender [2][9]. - The rise of right-wing populist parties in Japan, which have a significant female representation, reflects a broader European trend of conservative parties promoting female leaders [8]. - The narrative of women as national symbols is illustrated by candidates like Kiyoka Shioiri, who campaigned on a maternal image, suggesting a blend of femininity with nationalist sentiments [10][12]. Group 3: Comparative Analysis with Europe - The article draws parallels between Japan and Europe, noting that the political landscape in Japan is influenced by the success of female leaders in European conservative parties, such as Meloni in Italy [6][8]. - The rise of right-wing populism in Japan, characterized by a focus on "Japan First," mirrors similar movements in Europe, where nationalism often overshadows globalism [12]. - Takaichi's leadership is seen as a potential shift in Japan's political image, aiming to refresh the conservative party's approach while navigating the complexities of gender and nationalism [6][12].

Core Insights - The book "The Worst Bet in the World: How Globalization Went Off the Rails (and How to Get Back on Track)" by David Lynch highlights that American workers are merely pawns in the globalization gamble, with their fates disconnected from the outcomes of this global economic strategy [1][22] Group 1: Historical Context of Globalization - Initially, globalization was viewed as an ideal utopia where capital could flow freely across borders, benefiting developing countries and creating new markets [3] - The economic turmoil in countries like Indonesia and Russia, along with the unemployment of American workers, illustrates the negative consequences of globalization [3] - The 1990s saw President Clinton promoting globalization as an "unstoppable force," despite widespread awareness that it would harm domestic workers [5] Group 2: Impact on Workers - Economists like Dani Rodrik warned that globalization primarily benefits capital and high-skilled labor, while low-skilled workers face job losses due to competition from cheaper labor [5] - Clinton's "Trade Adjustment Assistance" program aimed to support displaced workers but was poorly executed, with less than 10% of eligible workers benefiting [5][14] - The signing of NAFTA did not significantly reduce factory numbers, but workers affected by low-cost labor from Mexico suffered greatly, leading to increased anti-globalization sentiments [10] Group 3: Political Reactions and Shifts - Protests against globalization peaked during the 1999 WTO meeting in Seattle, reflecting workers' frustrations with being sacrificed for corporate interests [10][13] - Obama's push for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) faced backlash due to its perceived favoritism towards corporations over labor rights [16] - Trump's election and subsequent withdrawal from TPP signified a shift towards prioritizing American workers, although the effectiveness of such measures remains questionable [16] Group 4: Current Challenges and Future Considerations - The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, prompting a reevaluation of reliance on international production models [18] - Lynch calls for a reconsideration of globalization, urging that the needs of small-town residents dependent on factories should not be dismissed as "ignorant protectionism" [19] - While Lynch suggests increasing corporate tax rates and rebuilding social safety nets, he acknowledges the lack of concrete policy solutions to address the ongoing challenges of globalization [21]

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration plans to sign an executive order to change the name of the Department of Defense to the "Department of War," which aims to project a stronger military image, despite concerns over the implications and costs associated with this change [1][3][6]. Group 1: Name Change Details - The executive order will allow the use of "Department of War" in official communications, although formal name change requires Congressional approval [1][3]. - The Department of Defense, established in 1947, was previously known as the Department of War for over 150 years [4][5]. - The name change is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to reshape U.S. military and foreign policy, emphasizing a more aggressive stance [6][8]. Group 2: Financial Implications - Changing the name and associated branding could cost billions of dollars, which may conflict with the administration's efforts to cut defense spending [6][7]. - Critics argue that the funds could be better spent on supporting military families or diplomatic efforts to prevent conflicts [7][8]. Group 3: Political and Historical Context - The name change reflects a shift in U.S. military policy, moving from a defensive posture to a more aggressive, war-centric approach [8]. - Historical context suggests that the original name change to the Department of Defense was intended to signal a focus on preventing war, contrasting with the current administration's actions [7][8].

Group 1 - India has perceived itself as a significant power in Asia, bolstered by economic growth and military strength, but recent events have forced a reevaluation of its position on the international stage [1] - The U.S. has imposed high tariffs on Indian goods, particularly after Trump's return to power, which has severely impacted India's export-dependent economy [3] - India's exports to the U.S. in key sectors like textiles, jewelry, and pharmaceuticals, which totaled $87 billion last year, are now at risk of being halved due to increased tariffs [3] Group 2 - The Indian government faces criticism for its reliance on the U.S. and its handling of the oil purchase from Russia, which has led to a deteriorating business environment and increased foreign capital withdrawal [5] - The military conflict with Pakistan has highlighted India's military shortcomings, with significant losses in aircraft during recent confrontations, leading to public dissatisfaction and a reassessment of India's military capabilities [7] - Following a series of diplomatic setbacks, India is adjusting its foreign policy, seeking to improve relations with China, as evidenced by recent high-level meetings and agreements [9] Group 3 - The evolving geopolitical landscape necessitates that India find a balance between the U.S., China, and Russia, rather than blindly aligning with any one power [11] - India's trade with China has reached $127 billion, indicating a significant economic interdependence that could be jeopardized by nationalist sentiments [9] - The need for pragmatic partnerships and a realistic understanding of its regional power status is essential for India's future positioning in Asia [11]

Group 1 - The article highlights India's response to the recent imposition of a 25% tariff on Indian goods by the United States, which has raised the total tariff on Indian exports to the U.S. to 50%, the highest among its trade partners [1] - Approximately 55% of Indian goods exported to the U.S. will be affected by these new tariffs, prompting a surge in calls for boycotting American products on social media and offline [1] - Indian netizens are increasingly vocal about their discontent with U.S. tariffs, advocating for a shift towards domestic products and expressing a desire for India to reduce its dependency on American goods [1] Group 2 - Indian business leaders and supporters of Prime Minister Modi are actively promoting local products and encouraging the development of domestic alternatives to major social media and tech platforms [2] - Modi has made a special appeal for self-reliance, emphasizing the need to prioritize Indian demands over global production [2] - A nationalist organization linked to Modi's party has organized public gatherings across the country to promote the boycott of American brands, although it is acknowledged that significant changes may take time [2] Group 3 - Despite the ongoing boycott calls, Tesla has opened its second showroom in India, indicating that American brands are still pursuing growth opportunities in the market [3] - The resistance against American products may reflect a broader trend of consumer behavior influenced by trade disputes, potentially impacting the reputation of U.S. brands in one of their largest growth markets [3]

Core Insights - The article discusses the transformation of Shaolin Temple from a historical and cultural site into a commercialized entity, reflecting the changes in Chinese society and culture since the 1990s [1][2][7] - Matthew Polly's book "Shaolin Busy" provides a dual perspective on Shaolin monks, revealing both their internal world and the external cultural dynamics between China and the United States [1][2] Historical Context - Shaolin Temple was established in 495 AD and became significant due to the teachings of Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism, who is often associated with the development of Shaolin martial arts [3][4] - Throughout history, Shaolin monks played a role in military conflicts, gaining recognition and support from various dynasties, particularly during the Tang dynasty [4][5] Cultural Evolution - The commercialization of Shaolin Temple has led to the emergence of numerous martial arts schools, transforming the practice of martial arts from a spiritual pursuit to a more secular and commercial activity [2][7] - The influence of popular culture, particularly films like "Shaolin Temple," has contributed to a resurgence of interest in Shaolin martial arts, impacting both the temple's image and its economic viability [7][8] Personal Transformation - Matthew Polly's experience at Shaolin Temple highlights a personal journey of self-discovery and transformation through martial arts, contrasting with traditional narratives of martial arts as a path to enlightenment [8][14] - The narrative reflects a blend of Eastern and Western perspectives on personal growth, emphasizing the importance of discipline and focus in martial arts practice [9][14] Socioeconomic Observations - The article notes the socioeconomic challenges faced by Shaolin Temple and its surrounding community in the 1990s, including issues of exploitation and poverty [11][12] - Polly's observations reveal a complex interplay between cultural heritage and modern economic realities, illustrating the challenges of preserving tradition in a rapidly changing society [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant backlash against the game "Mingmo: Yuanshu Zhi Yu," highlighting the disconnect between player expectations and the game's actual performance, leading to a cultural and political discourse surrounding its release [5][15][40]. Group 1: Game Quality and Reception - Prior to its release, "Mingmo: Yuanshu Zhi Yu" received positive early reviews, with IGN and GS both scoring it 8, indicating a strong expectation from players [5]. - After 21 hours of gameplay, the game was deemed to have acceptable quality, with a solid map design and combat system that encourages diverse strategies [8][10]. - Despite the game’s quality, it faced a severe backlash on release day, resulting in a low approval rating of 19% due to various operational and narrative issues [16][17]. Group 2: Reasons for Backlash - The backlash stemmed from three main issues: mismatched rewards between deluxe and standard editions, a price drop in the Chinese market that angered players, and a narrative perceived as disrespectful to Han culture [17][18][19]. - The game was labeled as "Han traitor game" due to these perceived insults, leading to widespread criticism and personal attacks on content creators discussing the game [21][22]. Group 3: Cultural and Political Implications - The situation reflects a deeper cultural memory divide, where different groups project their sentiments onto the historical context of the Ming dynasty, turning it into a semantic minefield [26][27]. - The game's marketing strategy, which aimed to leverage the emotionally charged historical context, ultimately backfired, revealing the complexities of identity politics in contemporary discourse [29][30]. - The article suggests that the game's reception is not solely based on its quality but rather on how it interacts with sensitive cultural emotions, indicating a broader trend of products being scrutinized through the lens of ideological narratives [37][40].

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration's immigration and education policies may lead to a potential loss of nearly $900 million in revenue for U.S. higher education institutions in the upcoming academic year, impacting not only their financial health but also the global education landscape and the international reputation of the U.S. [1][3] Group 1: Impact on U.S. Higher Education - International students are a significant source of revenue for U.S. colleges, contributing to tuition income and enhancing diversity and internationalization [3][4] - The Trump administration has tightened policies for foreign students, including restrictions on entry from certain countries and stricter visa scrutiny, which has led to a decline in international student enrollment [3][4] - The reliance on international students for both revenue and academic contributions highlights the vulnerability of U.S. colleges to these policy changes [4][6] Group 2: Broader Implications - The policies reflect deeper issues within the U.S. education system, including rising costs and stagnant domestic student numbers, which have diminished the competitiveness of U.S. higher education [6][9] - The potential loss of international students could lead to a global talent drain, with students seeking education in countries like Canada, Australia, and the UK instead [6][7] - The financial loss of $900 million may be just the tip of the iceberg, indicating a larger crisis in U.S. education and a shift in global talent mobility [7][9] Group 3: Globalization vs. Nationalism - Trump's policies illustrate the growing tension between globalization and nationalism, undermining the role of education as a bridge for cultural and knowledge exchange [9][10] - The decline in international student enrollment could hinder global knowledge sharing and collaboration, negatively affecting research and innovation [9][10] - U.S. higher education institutions must reassess their strategies to maintain global competitiveness while navigating the challenges posed by nationalist policies [10]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates a significant shift in Spanish public opinion, with a growing preference for China over the United States, marking a historic rejection of American influence [1] - The survey reveals that Spanish support for the U.S. has drastically decreased from 35% to 11%, while the perception of the U.S. as a potential threat has risen to 19% [1] - The negative sentiment towards the U.S. is largely attributed to the policies of former President Trump, which are viewed as detrimental to Spain's economic interests [1] Group 2 - Despite the declining support for the U.S., 85% of Spaniards still support remaining in NATO, indicating a strong commitment to collective defense [2] - There is a divided opinion on increasing defense spending, with 49% in favor and 51% against, suggesting a lack of consensus on military expenditure [2] - The Spanish Prime Minister has confirmed that military spending will be set at 2% of GDP, avoiding the need to increase it to 5% as previously discussed [2]