| 材产业期现日报 | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 投资咨询业务资格:证监许可 【2011】1292号 2025年6月4日 | | | 問敏波 | 20010559 | | | 钢材价格及价差 | | | | | | | 品种 | 现值 | 即值 | 涨跌 | 某差 | 单位 | | 螺纹钢现货(华东) | 3090 | 3120 | -30 | 185 | | | 螺纹钢现货(华北) | 3150 | 3160 | -10 | 245 | | | 螺纹钢现货(华南) | 3200 | 3230 | -30 | 295 | | | 螺纹钢05合约 | 2910 | 2973 | -63 | 180 | | | 螺纹钢10合约 | 2928 | 2961 | -33 | 162 | | | 螺纹钢01合约 | 2905 | 2967 | -62 | 185 | | | 热卷现货(华东) | 3170 | 3170 | 0 | 125 | 元/吨 | | 热卷现货(华北) | 3100 | 3140 | -40 | ਵੇਂ | | | 热卷现 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the report 2. Core Views of the Report - For the steel market, with Trump raising steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, there is greater pressure on steel exports. The policy - driven positive factors have basically been priced in. The real - estate market in core cities has stabilized, while that in lower - tier cities is still bottoming out. The peak of apparent demand has passed, and with the arrival of the rainy season and high - temperature weather, demand will further weaken. The market is shifting from strong reality to weak reality, and the weak expectation remains unchanged. Technically, prices have broken through the recent trading range and are expected to continue the downward trend [1]. - For the iron ore market, steel mills' profitability is acceptable, but iron - water production is expected to decline further due to the end of the downstream consumption peak and steel - mill production restrictions. The global iron - ore shipment is at a relatively high level and rising seasonally. The port inventory decline is slowing down, and the high proportion of trade - mine inventory exerts pressure on futures prices. The futures price may break downward under the influence of falling steel prices [3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1. Threaded Steel and Hot - Rolled Coil - **Market Factors**: Trump's tariff increase, real - estate market conditions, demand seasonality, and limited impact of production - cut rumors. The market is changing from strong to weak reality, and prices are expected to continue falling [1]. - **Operation Suggestion**: Hold short positions [1]. - **Data Summary**: - **Prices**: The closing prices of threaded - steel and hot - rolled - coil futures and spot prices have declined. For example, the threaded - steel futures main - contract closing price is 2,928 yuan/ton, down 1.74% from last week [1]. - **Production**: The national building - materials steel - mill threaded - steel production is 225.51 tons, down 2.58% from last week, while hot - rolled - coil production is 319.55 tons, up 4.54% [1]. - **Inventory**: The total inventory of five major steel products has decreased. For instance, the threaded - steel social inventory is 394.59 tons, down 5.25% from last week [1]. - **Trading Volume**: The national building - materials trading volume (7 - day moving average) is 13.95 tons, down 30.08% from last week [1]. 3.2. Iron Ore - **Market Factors**: Steel mills' iron - water production is expected to decline. The global iron - ore shipment is rising seasonally, and port inventory decline is slowing. The futures price may break downward [3]. - **Operation Suggestion**: Hold short positions lightly [3]. - **Data Summary**: - **Prices**: The settlement price of DCE iron - ore futures main contract is 695.5 yuan/dry ton, down 0.43% from last week. Spot prices of various iron - ore powders have also declined [3]. - **Shipment**: The global iron - ore shipment in the week of May 27 - June 2, 2025, is 3,431.0 tons, up 242.3 tons from the previous week [5]. - **Inventory**: The port inventory of iron ore is 13,866.58 tons, down 0.87% from last week. The inventory of imported sintered powder ore in 64 sample steel mills is 1,210.52 tons, down 2.65% [3]. - **Shipping and Exchange Rates**: BCI freight rates have increased, and the US dollar index has risen 0.55% [3].

Core Viewpoint - The iron ore market is experiencing a decline in demand and prices, influenced by seasonal factors and supply increases, with expectations of price fluctuations within the range of 700-745 RMB per ton [6]. Supply - Global iron ore shipments have increased by 242.3 million tons to 34.31 million tons this week, with Australian and Brazilian shipments showing mixed trends [4]. - Australian shipments totaled 19.205 million tons, a decrease of 0.927 million tons, while shipments to China fell by 2.814 million tons to 14.998 million tons [4]. - Brazilian shipments rose by 1.715 million tons to 9.483 million tons, indicating a recovery in some ports [4]. Demand - Daily molten iron production averaged 2.4191 million tons, a decrease of 16,900 tons from the previous period [3]. - The blast furnace operating rate is at 83.87%, up by 0.18%, while the capacity utilization rate is at 90.69%, down by 0.64 percentage points [3]. - Steel mill profitability stands at 58.87%, a slight decrease of 0.87 percentage points [3]. Inventory - As of May 29, total inventory at 45 ports is 138.6658 million tons, down by 1.2125 million tons [5]. - Steel mills' imported ore inventory decreased by 1.7115 million tons to 87.5433 million tons, with a slight decline in daily consumption [5]. Market Outlook - The iron ore market is facing downward pressure due to high inventory levels and increased supply, while demand remains resilient despite seasonal weaknesses [6]. - The expectation is for limited declines in molten iron production, with a focus on changes in production levels [6]. - The upcoming peak in shipments from overseas mines may lead to increased supply pressure in the market [6].

| 钢材产业期现日报 | 投资咨询业务资格:证监许可 [2011] 1292号 | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 問敏波 | Z0010559 | 2025年6月3日 | | | | | | | | | | | 钢材价格及价差 | 品种 | 某美 | 现值 | 涨跌 | 单位 | 即值 | | | | | | | 螺纹钢现货(华东) | 3120 | 3120 | O | 153 | 螺纹钢现货(华北) | 3160 | 3160 | O | 193 | | | | 螺纹钢现货(华南) | 3230 | 3250 | -20 | 263 | 螺纹钢05合约 | 2973 | 3003 | 147 | -30 | | | | 螺纹钢10合约 | 2961 | 2978 | -17 | ।ਟੋਰੇ | 螺纹钢01合约 | 153 | 2967 | 2982 | -18 | | | | 元/吨 | 热卷现货(华东) | 3170 | 3200 | 88 | ...

Report Industry Investment Ratings No information provided in the reports. Core Views Steel - Although the apparent demand has recovered, molten iron production has been decreasing, and the output of finished steel products will follow suit. With the expectation of weakening demand, the apparent demand is likely to decline rather than increase in the future. Steel prices have been falling, reflecting the negative feedback logic under the expectation of declining demand. The continuous decline in molten iron production will suppress iron ore prices. - The direct export of steel will help digest production, and the short - term inventory pressure is not significant, which supports the steel production at a relatively high level. However, the cost support is weak, and the decline in carbon elements has dragged down steel prices. Considering the worse demand in the second half of the year, the overall trend is bearish. The iron ore is still in the destocking phase, and its price is relatively resilient, so the negative feedback trading may fluctuate. Once iron ore starts to accumulate inventory, the downward space for steel prices will expand [1]. Iron Ore - Last week, the global iron ore shipments decreased slightly, mainly due to the decline in shipments from Brazil and non - Australia and Brazil regions. The arrival volume remained at a relatively low level. On the demand side, molten iron production continued to decline, and the profitability of steel mills also decreased slightly due to the marginal weakening of downstream demand in the off - season. - In terms of inventory, the port inventory continued to decline as the ore handling volume remained at a high level in the same period of history and the arrival volume was low in recent weeks. The steel mill inventory decreased significantly, mainly in large - scale steel mills. - Looking ahead, the terminal demand for finished products faces the risk of weakening in the off - season, but there is still some resilience. It is expected that the decline in molten iron production will be limited. Overseas mines will increase shipments to meet the fiscal year target, and the arrival peak has not yet come, so the supply pressure of iron ore will increase. In the short term, there is obvious resistance above the iron ore price, but the risk of inventory accumulation is limited due to the resilience of terminal demand. It is expected that the price will fluctuate weakly, and attention should be paid to the change in molten iron production [3]. Coke - Last week, the coke futures continued to break through the support level. On the spot side, the second round of price cuts for coke was implemented on May 28, and there are expectations of two or more rounds of price cuts in the future considering the weak situation of coking coal. - On the supply side, due to the decline in downstream molten iron production and the slowdown in coke sales, the coke production decreased slightly, and the coking profit improved due to the concession of coking coal prices. On the demand side, the molten iron production remained above 240,000 tons per day in May and decreased slightly last week, and the blast furnace operation rate showed signs of peaking. - In terms of inventory, the coke inventory in coking plants decreased slightly, the port inventory continued to decline, and the steel mill inventory increased slightly. The downstream replenishment demand has weakened due to the general caution in the market. It is recommended to short the coke 2509 contract after a rebound and use the strategy of going long on iron ore and short on coke (equal value) [4]. Coking Coal - Last week, the coking coal futures continued to break through the support level. On the spot side, coking coal prices continued to decline. The futures market was more pessimistic than the spot market, showing a deep discount structure, with high hedging pressure and weak willingness of long - position holders to support the price. - The market auction was cold, and the transaction prices of various coal types decreased slightly. The supply - demand imbalance is difficult to reverse in the short term. On the supply side, the production of domestic coal mines decreased slightly but remained at a relatively high level. The price of Mongolian coal broke through the support level, and the import profit of seaborne coal remained negative, with prices stable or slightly decreasing. - On the demand side, the coking plant operation rate decreased slightly, and the downstream blast furnace molten iron production showed signs of peaking. Downstream users mainly replenished inventory on a need - to - basis. As the peak season of steel production is approaching the end, the demand may decline. The coal mine inventory is high, with pressure to reduce prices for sales, and the port inventory has increased again, while the downstream inventory is at a low level. It is recommended to short the coking coal 2509 contract after a rebound and use the strategy of going long on iron ore and short on coking coal (equal value) [4]. Ferrosilicon - On the supply side, due to the protection of a large factory in Inner Mongolia, the ferrosilicon production continued to shrink. With the continuous decline in spot prices, the losses of manufacturers increased, and the supply pressure remained. The cost may also decline, and the valuation continued to decrease. - On the demand side, the molten iron production showed a downward trend, and the downstream demand faced marginal weakening in the off - season. The profitability of steel mills decreased slightly. In terms of exports, the export profit of ferrosilicon increased slightly as the domestic price decreased faster than the overseas price, and the export volume remained stable. - In June - July, the electricity price is expected to be adjusted downward during the power spot settlement pilot period, and the overall cost may bottom out. Looking ahead, the supply of ferrosilicon is expected to be weak, and the price is expected to fluctuate weakly [5]. Silicomanganese - The global manganese ore shipments decreased slightly last week, and the floating inventory was concentrated in South Africa and Ghana mines. The future arrival volume of manganese ore will remain normal. In June - July, the electricity price is expected to be adjusted downward during the power spot settlement pilot period, and the overall cost may bottom out. - On the supply side, the production in Inner Mongolia increased significantly recently, and the profitability of manufacturers decreased slightly. On the demand side, the molten iron production showed a downward trend, and the downstream demand faced marginal weakening in the off - season. The demand for non - steel products, such as metal iron, was also weak. - The contradiction in the silicomanganese market is limited, but there is still a risk of cost decline. Coupled with the negative feedback expectation of demand in the off - season in the black - series market, the price is expected to fluctuate weakly [5]. Summary by Directory Steel Steel Prices and Spreads - The prices of various steel products showed different trends. For example, the price of some steel products remained unchanged, while others increased or decreased. The price of rebar 05 contract increased by 147 yuan/ton, and the price of hot - rolled coil 05 contract decreased by 41 yuan/ton [1]. Cost and Profit - The cost and profit of different steel products also varied. The cost of Jiangsu electric - arc furnace rebar increased by 104 yuan/ton, and the profit of East China hot - rolled coil was 26 yuan/ton [1]. Production and Inventory - The daily average molten iron output remained unchanged at 243.6 tons. The output of five major steel products decreased by 60,000 tons, and the inventory of five major steel products decreased by 329,000 tons [1]. Demand - The apparent demand for steel products showed some recovery. The apparent demand for five major steel products increased by 92,000 tons, and the apparent demand for rebar increased by 16,000 tons [1]. Iron Ore Price and Spreads - The prices of various iron ore varieties decreased slightly. The price of PB powder decreased by 4.4 yuan/ton, and the 09 - contract basis of PB powder decreased by 55.9 yuan/ton [3]. Supply - The 45 - port arrival volume decreased by 120,000 tons, and the global shipment volume decreased by 159,100 tons [3]. Demand - The daily average molten iron production of 247 steel mills decreased by 1,700 tons, and the national pig iron monthly output decreased by 271,100 tons [3]. Inventory - The 45 - port inventory increased by 7,800 tons, and the inventory of 247 steel mills decreased by 171,200 tons [3]. Coke Price and Spreads - The price of Shanxi first - grade wet - quenched coke remained unchanged, and the price of coke 09 contract decreased by 24 yuan/ton [4]. Supply - The daily average output of all - sample coking plants decreased by 0.5 tons, and the daily average output of 247 steel mills increased by 0.1 tons [4]. Demand - The molten iron production of 247 steel mills decreased by 1,700 tons [4]. Inventory - The total coke inventory decreased by 3,400 tons, the inventory of all - sample coking plants increased by 8,100 tons, and the inventory of 247 steel mills decreased by 5,700 tons [4]. Coking Coal Price and Spreads - The price of coking coal (Shanxi warehouse receipt) remained unchanged, and the price of coking coal (Mongolian warehouse receipt) decreased by 5 yuan/ton [4]. Supply - The raw coal output of Fenwei sample coal mines decreased by 1,600 tons, and the clean coal output decreased by 1,400 tons [4]. Demand - The daily average output of all - sample coking plants decreased by 0.5 tons, and the daily average output of 247 steel mills increased by 0.1 tons [4]. Inventory - The clean coal inventory of Fenwei coal mines increased by 20,300 tons, the coking coal inventory of all - sample coking plants decreased by 19,400 tons, and the coking coal inventory of 247 steel mills decreased by 12,000 tons [4]. Ferrosilicon Price - The price of ferrosilicon 72%FeSi in Ningxia decreased by 50 yuan/ton, and the price of ferrosilicon 72%FeSi in Gansu decreased by 50 yuan/ton [5]. Cost and Profit - The production cost in Guangxi decreased by 27 yuan/ton, and the production profit in Inner Mongolia decreased by 20 yuan/ton [5]. Supply - The ferrosilicon production decreased by 0.4 tons, and the production enterprise operation rate remained unchanged [5]. Demand - The ferrosilicon demand remained unchanged, and the steel - making demand decreased slightly [5]. Inventory - The inventory of 60 sample enterprises increased by 0.1 tons, and the average available days of downstream ferrosilicon decreased by 1.6 days [5]. Silicomanganese Price - The price of silicomanganese FeMn65Si17 in Ningxia decreased by 20 yuan/ton, and the price of silicomanganese FeMn65Si17 in Guizhou decreased by 20 yuan/ton [5]. Cost and Profit - The production cost in Inner Mongolia remained unchanged, and the production profit in Inner Mongolia decreased by 20 yuan/ton [5]. Supply - The silicomanganese production increased by 0.5 tons, and the operation rate increased by 2.9% [5]. Demand - The silicomanganese demand increased by 0.1 tons, and the steel - making demand increased slightly [5]. Inventory - The inventory of 63 sample enterprises decreased by 1.5 tons, and the average available days of silicomanganese decreased by 0.2 days [5].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The policy-side positives for the steel market have basically been realized, and the easing of Sino-US trade tensions is also reflected in prices. The real estate market in core cities has stabilized, while that in lower-tier cities is still bottoming out, with new construction area significantly declining and completion and construction areas still showing large year-on-year drops. The market is gradually shifting from strong reality to weak reality, and the weak expectation may not have changed substantially. Technically, steel prices have broken through the recent trading range and are expected to continue the downward trend [1]. - Currently, the profitability rate of steel mills is acceptable, but with the end of the downstream consumption peak and steel mill production cuts, iron ore demand is expected to decline. On the supply side, global shipments are relatively high and rising seasonally. The slowdown in port inventory decline and the high proportion of trade ore inventory put pressure on futures prices. The iron ore futures price is within the recent trading range and may break downwards driven by the decline in steel prices [3]. Summary by Directory I. Threaded Rods and Hot-Rolled Coils - **Market Situation**: Policy-side positives are realized, real estate in core cities stabilizes while lower-tier cities are bottoming out. Demand is expected to weaken with the arrival of the rainy season and high temperatures. The impact of production cut rumors is limited, and steel mills' initiative to cut production is weak [1]. - **Technical Analysis**: Prices have broken through the recent trading range and are expected to continue the downward trend [1]. - **Operation Suggestion**: Hold short positions [1]. - **Data Summary**: - **Prices**: Futures and spot prices of threaded rods and hot-rolled coils have declined. For example, the threaded rod futures price dropped by 2.79% compared to last week, and the hot-rolled coil futures price dropped by 3.54% [1]. - **Production**: The national building materials steel mill threaded rod production decreased by 2.58% week-on-week, while the hot-rolled coil production increased by 4.54% [1]. - **Inventory**: The total inventory of the five major steel products decreased by 2.92% week-on-week, with the threaded rod social inventory dropping by 5.25% and the hot-rolled coil social inventory dropping by 2.08% [1]. II. Iron Ore - **Market Situation**: Steel mills' iron water production is expected to decline further. The supply is relatively high, and the port inventory decline is slowing down with a high proportion of trade ore inventory [3]. - **Technical Analysis**: The futures price is within the recent trading range and may break downwards driven by the decline in steel prices [3]. - **Operation Suggestion**: Hold short positions lightly [3]. - **Data Summary**: - **Prices**: The prices of various iron ore varieties have declined. For example, the price of Mac fines at Qingdao Port dropped by 2.46% compared to last week [3]. - **Shipments**: Australian iron ore shipments increased by 7.41% week-on-week, while Brazilian shipments decreased by 3.40% [3]. - **Inventory**: The total port inventory decreased by 0.87% week-on-week, and the port trade ore inventory decreased by 1.50% [3]. III. Industry News - In May 2025, the coking coal long-term agreement coal-steel linkage floating value decreased by 31.2 yuan/ton month-on-month, a decline of 2.39% [5]. - Mongolia's ER company's coking coal has failed to be sold in 16 consecutive auctions, with a starting price of 750 yuan/ton [6]. - The total inventory of imported iron ore at 47 ports in China decreased by 122.25 tons week-on-week [7]. - The blast furnace operating rate of 247 steel mills was 83.87%, the blast furnace ironmaking capacity utilization rate was 90.69%, the steel mill profitability rate was 58.87%, and the daily average iron water output was 2.4191 million tons [8]. - The Gabonese government announced that it will stop exporting manganese ore raw materials from 2029 as part of its national strategy to promote industrialization and reduce dependence on unprocessed resource exports [9].

Overall Investment Ratings No specific industry investment ratings are provided in the report. Core Views - Global trade tensions are escalating, leading to increased short - term volatility in global markets. The market has a mixed attitude towards the trade situation, with optimism about trade dialogues but also concerns about tariff hikes. In China, the May PMI data shows economic expansion, yet US trade restrictions pose a short - term dampening effect on domestic risk appetite [2][3]. - Different asset classes have different outlooks. For example, stocks are expected to be volatile in the short - term, with a cautious approach to long - positions; bonds are at a high level and should be observed carefully; various commodity sectors also have their own short - term trends and trading suggestions [2]. Summary by Categories Macro - Overseas: US "steel tariffs" and EU's potential counter - measures, along with intensified Russia - Ukraine conflict, have increased geopolitical risks and global risk aversion. However, the market remains optimistic about US trade dialogues, and the US dollar index is generally weak. - Domestic: China's May PMI data indicates economic expansion, but US restrictions in semiconductor and other fields, as well as tariff hikes, pose short - term pressure on domestic risk appetite. Asset suggestions include short - term cautious long - positions for stocks, high - level observation for bonds, and different trading stances for various commodity sectors [2]. Stocks - Affected by sectors such as controllable nuclear fusion, domestic stocks have declined slightly. The May PMI data is positive, but US trade restrictions and tariff hikes suppress domestic risk appetite. The market is focused on US trade policies and domestic incremental policies. Short - term cautious long - positions are recommended [3]. Precious Metals - Last week, precious metals showed a volatile pattern, with COMEX gold down 1.33% to $3313.1 per ounce and silver down 1.68%. Fed's cautious stance, Trump's tariff policies, and geopolitical risks have affected the market. In the short - term, precious metals are expected to be strong, and in the long - term, the upward logic remains solid. Attention should be paid to long - term layout opportunities after corrections [4]. Black Metals - **Steel**: Before the holiday, the spot market was stable, but the futures price declined. During the holiday, trade conflicts increased risk aversion. In the short - term, the steel market is expected to be weak as supply remains high while demand is affected by trade tensions [6]. - **Iron Ore**: Before the holiday, prices were weak. Although iron - water production has declined, the market is divided on its future path. Supply may increase in the second quarter, and the price is expected to be bearish in the short - term [6]. - **Silicon Manganese/Silicon Iron**: Before the holiday, prices were flat. Demand is fair, but silicon manganese is in an industry - wide loss, and silicon iron has weak downstream procurement. In the short - term, the market is expected to fluctuate within a range [7]. Energy Chemicals - **Crude Oil**: OPEC+ production increase is in line with expectations, and geopolitical risks in Ukraine and Iran, along with Canadian wildfires, have pushed up oil prices [8]. - **Asphalt**: As oil prices rise, asphalt prices are expected to follow. Demand is currently average, and inventory depletion has stagnated. It will continue to fluctuate at a high level following crude oil [8]. - **PX**: The price is high, and it is expected to be strong in the short - term, but there is a risk of a slight decline later due to potential demand reduction [9]. - **PTA**: Downstream production has decreased, and supply is expected to increase, leading to a weakening structure in the future [9]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: Supply has contracted, but downstream production cuts limit inventory depletion. The price will slightly increase [9]. - **Short - fiber**: It remains in a weak and volatile pattern, with concerns about downstream production and order release [9]. - **Methanol**: Import and port inventory are increasing, and prices are expected to decline in the medium - to - long - term [10]. - **PP**: Supply pressure is increasing, and demand is in a seasonal low. The price is likely to move downward [10]. - **LLDPE**: The supply - demand situation is expected to worsen, and the price is expected to be weakly volatile [10]. Non - ferrous Metals - **Copper**: The market expects a 50% tariff on copper, driving up prices. The copper ore supply is tight, but demand may decline in the short - term, and there is a risk of inventory accumulation [11]. - **Aluminum**: The 50% tariff on aluminum has led to a slight increase in prices. Supply is high, and demand is expected to decline, but there is still an export rush effect. It is recommended to observe [12]. - **Tin**: High tariffs, potential supply increases from Myanmar, and seasonal demand decline pose pressure on prices, but it has stabilized after a significant drop [13]. Agricultural Products - **US Soybeans**: The CBOT soybean market is supported by a weak US dollar but faces challenges such as good planting conditions in the US, high Brazilian inventory, and slow sales due to trade tensions. It may maintain a weak range - bound trend [13]. - **Soybean and Rapeseed Meal**: Oil mills' inventory is expected to recover, and the lack of upward momentum in US soybeans affects soybean meal. Rapeseed meal has supply uncertainties. The spread between soybean and rapeseed meal may shrink [14]. - **Oils and Fats**: During the holiday, oils and fats were under pressure. The energy market is expected to decline in the medium - to - long - term, and domestic oils may continue to decline after the holiday, with the soybean - palm oil spread likely to remain inverted [14]. - **Hogs**: After the Dragon Boat Festival, the supply - demand situation is weak, and pig prices may continue to decline, but there may be a short - term correction in near - month contracts [15]. - **Corn**: New wheat listing may replace some corn demand, but in the long - run, corn is likely to rise, and it will maintain a range - bound trend [15].

印度与中国在全球铁矿石市场的角色转换，印度铁矿石需求飙升，铁矿石市场迎来新变局？ 相关链接 期货热点追踪 ...

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating - No information available in the provided content. 2) Report's Core View - No clear core view is presented in the given text. The document mainly provides detailed data on the iron ore market, including spot and forward prices, their daily and weekly changes, import profits, and other related information. 3) Summary by Relevant Catalogs Spot Market - **Prices and Changes**: The prices of various iron ore varieties from different regions (Australia, Brazil, etc.) are presented, along with their daily and weekly changes. For example, the Newman powder price is 730, with a daily change of -5 and a weekly change of -15 [1]. - **Import Profits**: Import profits vary among different iron ore varieties. For instance, the import profit of the Newman powder is -21.28 [1]. Futures Market - **Exchange Contracts**: The prices and changes of iron ore futures contracts on the Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) and the Singapore Exchange (SGX) are provided. For example, the i2601 contract on the DCE has a latest price of 666.5, a daily change of -3.5, and a weekly change of -16.0 [1]. - **Basis and Spreads**: The basis and spreads between different contracts are also given. For example, the basis of the i2601 contract is 100.6, with a daily change of 1.2 and a weekly change of 7.4 [1].

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Commodity Term Structure Simulation Portfolio - **Model Construction Idea**: This is a long-short strategy that dynamically holds long positions in commodities with high roll yields and short positions in commodities with low roll yields. The strategy aims to capture the term structure premium in commodity markets while reducing dependency on single market trends[33][35][34]. - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Roll Yield Factor**: The roll yield is calculated to measure the contango or backwardation state of a commodity. 2. **Dynamic Positioning**: Commodities with high roll yields are dynamically allocated long positions, while those with low roll yields are allocated short positions. 3. **Portfolio Balancing**: The portfolio is rebalanced periodically to maintain the desired exposure to the roll yield factor[35][38]. - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy demonstrates flexibility in adapting to market risks and provides stable returns even in weak market trends[34]. 2. Model Name: Commodity Time-Series Momentum Simulation Portfolio - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy captures medium- to long-term trends in commodity prices using multiple technical indicators. It dynamically allocates long positions to upward-trending assets and short positions to downward-trending assets[33][35]. - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Trend Indicators**: Technical indicators such as moving averages and momentum are used to identify price trends. 2. **Dynamic Positioning**: Commodities with upward trends are allocated long positions, while those with downward trends are allocated short positions. 3. **Portfolio Rebalancing**: Positions are adjusted periodically based on updated trend signals[35][45]. - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy effectively tracks price trends but may underperform in volatile or trendless markets[45]. 3. Model Name: Commodity Cross-Sectional Inventory Simulation Portfolio - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy uses inventory data to capture fundamental changes in commodity markets. Commodities with declining inventories are allocated long positions, while those with increasing inventories are allocated short positions[33][35]. - **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Inventory Factor**: Changes in inventory levels are calculated to assess supply-demand dynamics. 2. **Dynamic Positioning**: Commodities with declining inventories are dynamically allocated long positions, while those with increasing inventories are allocated short positions. 3. **Portfolio Rebalancing**: Positions are adjusted periodically based on updated inventory data[35][49]. - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy is effective in capturing fundamental supply-demand imbalances but may be sensitive to data accuracy and reporting delays[49]. --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Commodity Term Structure Simulation Portfolio - **Annualized Return**: 3.03% (YTD 2025)[33][38] - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned 2. Commodity Time-Series Momentum Simulation Portfolio - **Annualized Return**: -1.33% (YTD 2025)[45] - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned 3. Commodity Cross-Sectional Inventory Simulation Portfolio - **Annualized Return**: 2.88% (YTD 2025)[49] - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Roll Yield Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the contango or backwardation state of a commodity to capture the term structure premium[35]. - **Factor Construction Process**: 1. Calculate the roll yield as the difference between the spot price and the futures price. 2. Normalize the roll yield across commodities to ensure comparability. 3. Rank commodities based on their roll yields and allocate positions accordingly[35]. 2. Factor Name: Trend Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Captures medium- to long-term price trends using technical indicators[35]. - **Factor Construction Process**: 1. Use moving averages, momentum, and other technical indicators to identify trends. 2. Normalize trend signals across commodities to ensure comparability. 3. Rank commodities based on their trend strength and allocate positions accordingly[35]. 3. Factor Name: Inventory Factor - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures changes in inventory levels to capture supply-demand imbalances[35]. - **Factor Construction Process**: 1. Calculate the percentage change in inventory levels over a specified period. 2. Normalize inventory changes across commodities to ensure comparability. 3. Rank commodities based on their inventory changes and allocate positions accordingly[35]. --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Roll Yield Factor - **Annualized Return**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned 2. Trend Factor - **Annualized Return**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned 3. Inventory Factor - **Annualized Return**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Annualized Volatility**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Maximum Drawdown**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Sharpe Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned - **Calmar Ratio**: Not explicitly mentioned