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中辉能化观点-20250829
Zhong Hui Qi Huo· 2025-08-29 08:24
1. Report Industry Investment Ratings - Crude oil: Cautiously bearish [1] - LPG: Cautiously bearish [1] - L: Bearish consolidation [1] - PP: Bearish continuation [1] - PVC: Bearish continuation [1] - PX: Cautiously bullish [1] - PTA: Cautiously bullish [2] - Ethylene glycol: Cautiously bullish [2] - Methanol: Cautiously bearish [2] - Urea: Cautiously bullish [2] - Asphalt: Cautiously bearish [3] - Glass: Low - level oscillation [3] - Soda ash: Low - level oscillation [3] 2. Core Views of the Report - Crude oil: The consumption peak season is ending, supply surplus pressure is rising, and the oil price trend is downward. Short - term geopolitical risks are still uncertain, and there is disturbance support for oil prices [1]. - LPG: Valuation is repaired, the cost side is weakening, and it is under short - term pressure [1]. - L: Futures and spot prices are both falling, the basis is weakening. The seasonal peak season in September is approaching, and there is an expectation of fundamental improvement [1]. - PP: Futures and spot prices are both falling, the basis is weakening. The supply is under pressure in the future, and the medium - term supply - demand pattern is loose [1]. - PVC: Demand is insufficient, social inventory has been accumulating for 10 consecutive weeks, and the market is in a bearish continuation [1]. - PX: Supply - demand tight balance is expected to ease, inventory is still high, but it is expected to be bullish in the short term due to various factors [1]. - PTA: Recent device maintenance has increased, the supply - side pressure is expected to increase in the future, and the demand side shows signs of recovery [2]. - Ethylene glycol: Domestic devices have slightly increased their load, overseas devices have little change, and inventory is low, so it is expected to be bullish [2]. - Methanol: Supply - side pressure continues to increase, demand is weak but expected to stabilize, and the fundamentals are still weak [2]. - Urea: The device maintenance is expected to increase this week, domestic supply is expected to be loose, but exports are good, and it is cautiously bullish [2]. - Asphalt: Oil prices still have room to compress, supply is increasing while demand is decreasing, and the valuation is high [3]. - Glass: Warehouse receipts are increasing, deep - processing orders are improving slightly, and supply is under pressure while demand is insufficient [3]. - Soda ash: Spot prices in Shahe are rising, enterprise inventory is decreasing from a high level, and it is in a low - level oscillation [3] 3. Summaries According to Related Catalogs Crude Oil - **Market Review**: Overnight international oil prices rebounded, with WTI rising 0.70%, Brent rising 0.80%, and SC falling 1.09% [5]. - **Basic Logic**: Short - term geopolitical risks are released, the peak season is ending, OPEC+ is increasing production, and the demand support for oil prices is gradually weakening [6]. - **Supply - Demand - Inventory**: The Trans - Mountain Pipeline has been in use since May 2024, with a daily transportation volume of 730,000 barrels in the first half of the year. India's crude oil imports decreased. US commercial crude inventory decreased by 2.4 million barrels, strategic crude reserve increased by 800,000 barrels [7]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Light - position short - selling. Focus on the $60 new - drilling cost support for SC in the range of [480 - 490] [8]. LPG - **Market Review**: On August 28, the PG main contract closed at 4,422 yuan/ton, down 0.18% [11]. - **Basic Logic**: Recently, the LPG valuation has been repaired, the main contract basis is normal, and the PDH device operating rate has decreased [12]. - **Supply - Demand - Inventory**: As of August 29, the LPG commodity volume increased, PDH, MTBE, and alkylation oil operating rates changed, and refinery inventory increased while port inventory decreased [12]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Light - position short - selling. Focus on the range of [4300 - 4400] for PG [13]. L - **Market Review**: The L2601 contract closed at 7,402 yuan/ton (down 21 day - on - day), and the North China Ning coal price was 7,230 yuan/ton (down 40 day - on - day) [17]. - **Basic Logic**: Futures and spot prices are both falling, the basis is weakening. The peak season in September is approaching, this week's output has decreased, and next week's output is expected to increase by 40,000 tons [17]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Buy on dips as the peak season is approaching. Focus on the range of [7300 - 7450] for L [17]. PP - **Market Review**: The PP2601 closed at 7,020 yuan/ton (down 1 day - on - day), and the East China drawn wire market price was 6,961 yuan/ton (down 33 day - on - day) [21]. - **Basic Logic**: Futures and spot prices are both falling, the basis is weakening. The supply is under pressure in the future, and the medium - term supply - demand pattern is loose [22]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Buy on short - term dips due to the low absolute price. Focus on the range of [6950 - 7100] for PP [22]. PVC - **Market Review**: The V2601 closed at 4,946 yuan/ton (down 3 day - on - day), and the Changzhou spot price was 4,700 yuan/ton (unchanged day - on - day) [25]. - **Basic Logic**: Demand is insufficient, social inventory has been accumulating for 10 consecutive weeks, this week's operation is expected to decline, and next week's production is expected to increase [26]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Be cautious about short - selling as the market is in a short - term weak oscillation and the further decline space is limited. Focus on the range of [4850 - 5000] for V [26]. PX - **Market Review**: On August 22, the PX spot price was 7,014 yuan/ton (+125), and the PX11 contract closed at 6,966 yuan/ton (+8) [29]. - **Basic Logic**: Supply - side devices at home and abroad have slightly increased their load, demand - side PTA device maintenance has increased, and the supply - demand tight balance is expected to ease [30]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold long positions carefully, pay attention to buying opportunities on pullbacks, and sell put options. Focus on the range of [6770 - 6920] for PX511 [31]. PTA - **Market Review**: On August 22, the PTA East China price was 4,865 yuan/ton (+35), and the TA01 closed at 4,868 yuan/ton (+8) [33]. - **Basic Logic**: Device maintenance has increased recently, the supply - side pressure is expected to increase in the future, and the demand side shows signs of recovery [34]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold long positions carefully, pay attention to buying opportunities on TA pullbacks. Focus on the range of [4750 - 4820] for TA01 [35]. Ethylene Glycol - **Market Review**: On August 22, the East China ethylene glycol spot price was 4,512 yuan/ton (-6), and the EG01 closed at 4,474 yuan/ton (+1) [37]. - **Basic Logic**: Domestic devices have slightly increased their load, overseas devices have little change, and inventory is low, while demand is recovering [38]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold long positions, pay attention to buying opportunities on pullbacks. Focus on the range of [4450 - 4500] for EG01 [39]. Methanol - **Market Review**: On August 22, the East China methanol spot price was 2,320 yuan/ton (-12), and the main 01 contract closed at 2,405 yuan/ton (-20) [40]. - **Basic Logic**: Domestic and overseas device loads are increasing, supply is under pressure, demand is weak, and social inventory is accumulating [41]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold short positions from high levels carefully, sell 01 call options, and pay attention to buying opportunities for 01 on dips. Focus on the range of [2365 - 2395] for MA01 [42]. Urea - **Market Review**: On August 22, the small - particle urea spot price in Shandong was 1,740 yuan/ton (-20), and the main contract closed at 1,739 yuan/ton (-25) [44]. - **Basic Logic**: Device maintenance is expected to increase this week, domestic supply is expected to be loose, but exports are good [45]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold 01 long positions carefully, and conduct range operations due to the short - term intensified long - short game. Focus on the range of [1735 - 1765] for UR01 [46]. Asphalt - **Market Review**: Not mentioned in the text. - **Basic Logic**: Oil prices still have room to compress, supply is increasing while demand is decreasing, and the valuation is high [3]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Light - position short - selling [3]. Glass - **Market Review**: Not mentioned in the text. - **Basic Logic**: Warehouse receipts are increasing, deep - processing orders are improving slightly, and supply is under pressure while demand is insufficient [3]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Wait and see due to the low absolute price and intense capital game [3]. Soda Ash - **Market Review**: Not mentioned in the text. - **Basic Logic**: Spot prices in Shahe are rising, enterprise inventory is decreasing from a high level, and the supply is still under pressure [3]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Wait and see as it is in a low - level oscillation [3]
PTA&MEG:供需改善有所兑现
1. Report Industry Investment Ratings - PTA: Neutral overall, with a cautiously bullish view on device changes and supply - demand balance [5] - PX: Neutral overall, with a cautiously bullish view on downstream demand [6] - Ethylene Glycol: Neutral overall, with a cautiously bearish view on month - spread and device changes, and a cautiously bullish view on downstream demand [7] 2. Core Views PTA - PTA supply has unexpected maintenance, demand seasonally recovers, the balance improves, and the price recovers. It is greatly affected by sentiment in the short term, and attention should be paid to low - buying opportunities after pullbacks [5] PX - PX inventory pressure is not large, recent supply maintenance plans increase, the expected balance is tight, and the PXN around $270 is slightly high. The current valuation reflects the expectation of fundamental improvement. Pay attention to sentiment changes in the short term and buy on dips [6] Ethylene Glycol - Ethylene glycol has a strong current situation but weak expectations. The near - end low inventory has little pressure to accumulate, the coal - based load is at a high level. It is expected that existing devices will restart and new ones will be put into production in the fourth quarter. There is support from anti - involution and coal. Pay attention to reverse - spread opportunities [7] 3. Summary by Directory Demand Seasonal Improvement - Terminal orders have partial improvement, and the operating rates of texturing, weaving, and dyeing machines have increased by 7%, 5%, and 5% to 79%, 68%, and 72% respectively. Downstream raw material inventory is 10 - 20 days, and orders have slightly improved [9] - As of August 22, the polyester load is around 90% (+0.6%), the polyester cash flow is slightly in the red, and the average polyester inventory is around 17 days. Polyester is approaching the peak season, demand has seasonal improvement, and raw materials are strong due to "anti - involution", slightly compressing polyester profits. Last week's sales were good, and polyester overall reduced inventory, with the current inventory being neutral [13] - Polyester industry chain profits are average. Filament profits are slightly in the red, FDY losses are relatively serious, bottle - chip and slice profits are average, and staple - fiber profits are neutral [14] PTA Unexpected Maintenance Increase - In August, PTA maintenance volume was high, and maintenance plans increased in September. YS Dahua and YS Hainan are under maintenance, Jiaxing Petrochemical extended its maintenance and restarted, and Fuhua will restart in mid - September. Hengli Huizhou's two lines are under maintenance and reducing load, and Dushan Energy No. 2 is under planned maintenance [34] - As of August 22, PTA social inventory remained stable, (excluding credit warehouse receipts) inventory decreased to 220 tons, a decrease of 5 tons. The balance in September may continue to reduce inventory [35] - PTA supply - demand balance: In August - September, with unexpected supply improvement and better demand, the supply - demand fundamentals are good, but the price has reflected the supply improvement. Pay attention to macro - sentiment and buy on dips [40] PXN Strength - US gasoline inventory decreases seasonally, the gasoline cracking spread during the peak season remains stable, and the octane number performance is average. Currently, the economics of blending oil is average, and the short - process profit in Asia is acceptable [47][49] - The US - Asia arbitrage spread remains stable. After considering the 25% US tariff on Japan and South Korea, the spread space is not large, and xylene is exempted. North America's demand for aromatics has significantly decreased in 2025, and South Korea's exports of aromatics to the US have remained low since April [55] - PX domestic load changes little, with the domestic load at 84.6% and the Asian load at 76.3%. Tianjin Petrochemical is under maintenance, CNOOC Huizhou slightly reduced its load. There are rumors of maintenance plans for Zhejiang and Lianyungang suppliers. In Asia, Thailand's THAI OIL restarted, Japan's Idemitsu's one line is under maintenance, and Saudi Arabia's Petro Rabigh device restarted [57] - PX is in a loose balance with PTA maintenance. With the expectation of PX maintenance, the PXN remains around $270. Pay attention to low - buying opportunities after pullbacks [59] Ethylene Glycol Situation - As of August 22, the overall ethylene glycol load is stable at 73%, and the coal - based load is 77%. The coal - chemical load is high, and there are some unexpected situations in some coal - chemical loads. It is expected that the coal - chemical load will slightly decrease in September [69] - Domestic ethylene glycol device changes: The domestic overall load is not low, and there are coal - chemical maintenance plans. Shenghong restarted, Tianying and Wonen restarted, Shanxi Weihua and Shenhua Yulin are under maintenance, and Tianye has a maintenance plan in September. Overseas, Singapore's Aster is under maintenance, and the restart of the cracking device is postponed. US Lotte and Malaysia's Petronas restarted [72][84] - As of August 11, the ethylene glycol port inventory in the main ports of East China is about 50 tons, a decrease of 4.7 tons month - on - month. The current inventory is at a low level. From August 18 - 24, the actual arrival was 6.1 tons, and the port reduced inventory. From August 25 - 31, the expected arrival is about 5.4 tons, and the port is expected to slightly reduce inventory in the short term. Polyester factories' ethylene glycol raw material inventory days are 12 days [96] - Ethylene glycol has a strong current situation but weak expectations. The near - end low inventory has little pressure to accumulate, the coal - based load is at a high level. It is expected that existing devices will restart and new ones will be put into production in the fourth quarter. There is support from anti - involution and coal. Pay attention to reverse - spread opportunities [101]
化工日报:压力位难突破,市场氛围回落-20250828
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-08-28 05:18
Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - PX/PTA/PF/PR are rated neutral [4] 2. Core Viewpoints - Short - term PX/PTA has difficulty breaking through the resistance level, and the market sentiment has declined due to the retracement of crude oil and the stock market. Attention should be paid to the situation of Shenghong and Zhejiang Petrochemical's devices [1] - The cost - end crude oil price has declined significantly, affected by the U.S. tax increase on India and the unexpected inventory accumulation in the U.S. The PX fundamentals have weakened marginally, but the low inventory provides support for PXN. The PTA supply - demand situation has improved, and the balance sheet will shift from a loose balance to significant de - stocking in September. The demand side is gradually warming up [2] - The polyester开工率 is 90.0% (month - on - month increase of 0.6%), showing signs of recovery. The inventory of filament factories has decreased, and the efficiency has gradually improved. The demand for PF has improved slightly, and the overall supply - demand situation has improved. The fundamentals of PR have changed little, and the processing fee is expected to be repaired [3] - For the unilateral strategy, maintain a neutral view on PX/PTA/PF/PR. For the cross - variety strategy, go long on PF processing fees at low prices. There is no cross - period strategy [4] 3. Summary by Directory I. Price and Basis - Include TA main contract, basis, and inter - period spread trends; PX main contract trends, basis, and inter - period spread trends; PTA East China spot basis; and short - fiber basis [9][10][13] II. Upstream Profits and Spreads - Cover PX processing fee PXN, PTA spot processing fee, South Korean xylene isomerization profit, and South Korean STDP selective disproportionation profit [16][19] III. International Spreads and Import - Export Profits - Involve toluene U.S. - Asia spread, toluene South Korean FOB - Japanese naphtha CFR, and PTA export profit [23][24] IV. Upstream PX and PTA Start - up - Include China's PTA load, South Korea's PTA load, Taiwan's PTA load, China's PX load, and Asian PX load [26][29][31] V. Social Inventory and Warehouse Receipts - Comprise PTA weekly social inventory, PX monthly social inventory, PTA total warehouse receipts + forecast volume, PTA warehouse receipt inventory, PX warehouse receipt inventory, and PF warehouse receipt inventory [34][37][38] VI. Downstream Polyester Load - Include filament production and sales, short - fiber production and sales, polyester load, direct - spinning filament load, polyester staple fiber load, polyester bottle - chip load, filament factory inventory days, Jiangsu and Zhejiang loom start - up rate, Jiangsu and Zhejiang texturing start - up rate, Jiangsu and Zhejiang printing and dyeing start - up rate, and filament profit [45][47][56] VII. PF Detailed Data - Cover 1.4D physical inventory, 1.4D equity inventory, polyester staple fiber load, polyester staple fiber factory equity inventory days, recycled cotton - type staple fiber load, raw - recycled spread, pure polyester yarn start - up rate, pure polyester yarn production profit, polyester - cotton yarn start - up rate, and polyester - cotton yarn processing fee [66][75][79] VIII. PR Fundamental Detailed Data - Include polyester bottle - chip load, bottle - chip factory bottle - chip inventory days, bottle - chip spot processing fee, bottle - chip export processing fee, bottle - chip export profit, East China water bottle - chip - recycled 3A - grade white bottle - chip spread, bottle - chip next - month spread, and bottle - chip next - next - month spread [83][85][93]
大装置或提前恢复,PX/PTA冲高回落
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-08-27 07:40
Report Industry Investment Rating Not provided in the given content Core Viewpoints of the Report - The market saw PX prices rise significantly in the morning due to news of Zhejiang Petrochemical's potential maintenance, but prices dropped in the afternoon as the maintenance time was not confirmed and the Hengli Huizhou PTA plant, which had stopped last week, might resume earlier [1]. - The cost - end is affected by Powell's dovish stance and the Fed's increasing interest - rate cut expectations, with the macro - sentiment boosted. The fundamentals fluctuate around the prospects of the Russia - Ukraine geopolitical conflict after the US - Russia meeting, showing an overall range - bound movement [2]. - In the PX sector, the PXN was $267/ton (a month - on - month decrease of $3.50/ton). With the recent recovery of China's PX load and increased PTA maintenance, the PX balance sheet has shifted from de - stocking to a loose balance, and the floating price of near - month PX has weakened. However, PX remains in a low - inventory state, and there is support below the PXN [2]. - For TA, the spot basis of the main contract was - 11 yuan/ton (a month - on - month decrease of 33 yuan/ton), the PTA spot processing fee was 205 yuan/ton (a month - on - month increase of 4 yuan/ton), and the processing fee on the main - contract disk was 359 yuan/ton (a month - on - month decrease of 18 yuan/ton). With increased PTA maintenance, the supply - demand situation has improved, and the September PTA balance sheet has shifted from a loose balance to significant de - stocking. Hengli's reduction of September contracts may cause supply - demand tension in the South China region [2]. - In terms of demand, the polyester operating rate was 90.0% (a month - on - month increase of 0.6%), showing signs of recovery. The inventory of filament factories has significantly decreased, and profitability has gradually improved. The load of bottle - grade polyester chips is expected to recover in September [3]. - For PF, the spot production profit was 41 yuan/ton (a month - on - month decrease of 13 yuan/ton), and the average load of direct - spinning polyester staple fibers has increased to 91.9%. The overall supply - demand situation has improved, but the willingness to chase up raw - material prices is insufficient [3]. - For PR, the spot processing fee of bottle - grade polyester chips was 261 yuan/ton (a month - on - month decrease of 22 yuan/ton). The fundamentals have changed little, and the load is expected to remain stable in the short term. The spot processing fee is expected to recover [3]. - In terms of strategies, a cautious and slightly bullish stance is recommended for PX/PTA/PF/PR. For cross - variety trading, consider going long on PF processing fees at a low price. There is no recommendation for cross - period trading [4]. Summary by Directory 1. Price and Basis - The report presents charts on the TA main - contract price, basis, and inter - period spread, as well as the PX main - contract price, basis, and inter - period spread, and the PTA East China spot basis and short - fiber basis [9][11][13] 2. Upstream Profits and Spreads - Charts show the PX processing fee (PXN), PTA spot processing fee, South Korean xylene isomerization profit, and South Korean STDP selective disproportionation profit [19][22] 3. International Spreads and Import - Export Profits - Charts cover the toluene US - Asia spread, toluene South Korean FOB - Japanese naphtha CFR spread, and PTA export profit [27][29] 4. Upstream PX and PTA Operation Rates - The report provides information on the operating rates of PTA in China, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as the operating rates of PX in China and Asia [30][33][37] 5. Social Inventory and Warehouse Receipts - Charts display the weekly social inventory of PTA, monthly social inventory of PX, total PTA warehouse receipts + forecast volume, PTA warehouse - receipt inventory, PX warehouse - receipt inventory, and PF warehouse - receipt inventory [39][42][43] 6. Downstream Polyester Load - Information includes filament sales, short - fiber sales, polyester load, direct - spinning filament load, polyester staple - fiber load, polyester bottle - grade chip load, filament factory inventory days, and the operating rates of weaving, texturing, and dyeing in Jiangsu and Zhejiang [51][53][62] 7. Detailed PF Data - Charts show the polyester staple - fiber load, polyester staple - fiber factory equity inventory days, 1.4D physical inventory, 1.4D equity inventory, recycled cotton - type staple - fiber load, original - recycled spread, pure - polyester yarn operating rate, pure - polyester yarn production profit, polyester - cotton yarn operating rate, polyester - cotton yarn processing fee, pure - polyester yarn factory in - house inventory available days, and polyester - cotton yarn factory in - house inventory available days [73][76][83] 8. Detailed PR Fundamental Data - Information covers the polyester bottle - grade chip load, bottle - grade chip factory inventory days, bottle - grade chip spot processing fee, bottle - grade chip export processing fee, bottle - grade chip export profit, East China water - bottle - grade chip - recycled 3A - grade white bottle - grade chip spread, bottle - grade chip next - month spread, and bottle - grade chip next - next - month spread [94][96][103]
化工日报:PTA大装置计划外停车,价格大幅上涨-20250822
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-08-22 05:11
1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. 2. Core Views of the Report - The unplanned shutdown of large - scale PTA plants has led to a significant increase in prices. The shutdown of two 2.5 - million - ton plants of Hengli will affect 5 million tons of PTA production capacity, accounting for 5.5% of the total PTA production capacity and 30% of Hengli's total PTA production capacity. This may cause a monthly loss of up to 400,000 tons, and the supply - demand situation in September will change from balance to significant de - stocking[1]. - In terms of cost, the meeting between the US and Russian presidents ended with a good negotiation atmosphere but no agreement. The geopolitical situation continues to impact crude oil prices, which are in a short - term range - bound pattern. The PX balance sheet has shifted from de - stocking to inventory accumulation, but the overall PX inventory remains low, and there is support below the PXN[2]. - The most pessimistic period for PTA demand has passed. With the increase in PTA maintenance, the supply - demand situation has improved, and the de - stocking amplitude from August to September has significantly increased. However, the supply of old goods is abundant due to the concentrated cancellation of warehouse receipts[2]. - The polyester operating rate is 89.4% (a month - on - month increase of 0.6%). The most pessimistic period of the off - season for demand has passed, and there are signs of improvement in local orders. The polyester load is expected to remain stable and continue to rise in the short term[3]. - For PF, the demand has improved slightly but is limited. The near - month 09 contract is suppressed by the logic of forced cancellation of warehouse receipts. For PR, several major manufacturers have extended their maintenance plans, and the spot processing fee for bottle chips is expected to recover and then return to range - bound fluctuations[3][4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs I. Price and Basis - The report includes figures on the TA main contract, basis, and inter - period spread trends; PX main contract trends, basis, and inter - period spread; PTA East China spot basis; and short - fiber 1.56D*38mm semi - glossy natural white basis[8][9][11]. II. Upstream Profits and Spreads - Figures cover PX processing fee PXN (PX CFR China - Naphtha CFR Japan), PTA spot processing fee, South Korean xylene isomerization profit, and South Korean STDP selective disproportionation profit[17][20]. III. International Spreads and Import - Export Profits - It includes figures on the toluene US - Asia spread (FOB US Gulf - FOB South Korea), toluene South Korean FOB - Japanese naphtha CFR, and PTA export profit[25][27]. IV. Upstream PX and PTA Start - up - Figures show the operating rates of PTA in China, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as the operating rates of PX in China and Asia[28][31][33]. V. Social Inventory and Warehouse Receipts - The report presents figures on PTA weekly social inventory, PX monthly social inventory, PTA total warehouse receipts + forecast volume, PTA warehouse receipt inventory, PX warehouse receipt inventory, and PF warehouse receipt inventory[37][40][41]. VI. Downstream Polyester Load - It includes figures on filament sales, short - fiber sales, polyester load, direct - spinning filament load, polyester staple fiber load, polyester bottle chip load, filament factory inventory days, Jiangsu and Zhejiang loom operating rates, Jiangsu and Zhejiang texturing machine operating rates, Jiangsu and Zhejiang dyeing operating rates, and filament profits[48][50][52]. VII. Detailed PF Data - Figures cover polyester staple fiber load, polyester staple fiber factory equity inventory days, 1.4D physical inventory, 1.4D equity inventory, recycled cotton - type staple fiber load, original - recycled spread, pure polyester yarn operating rate, pure polyester yarn production profit, polyester - cotton yarn operating rate, and polyester - cotton yarn processing fee[71][78][82]. VIII. Detailed PR Fundamental Data - It includes figures on polyester bottle chip load, bottle chip factory bottle chip inventory days, bottle chip spot processing fee, bottle chip export processing fee, bottle chip export profit, East China water bottle chips - recycled 3A - grade white bottle chips spread, bottle chip next - month spread, and bottle chip next - next - month spread[87][94][96].
【市场探“涨”】行业巨头协同提价!
Group 1 - Recent price increases in various chemical and industrial products have raised market concerns about the drivers behind this trend, its sustainability, and the potential for performance recovery among upstream and downstream companies [1] - The price of sucralose, a high-intensity sweetener, has been adjusted to 185 RMB per 25 kg package, equivalent to 18.5 million RMB per ton, reflecting a significant increase from previous prices [2][4] - The recent price surge is attributed to a combination of cost pressures and improved policy environments, particularly the enforcement of anti-"involution" policies that have led to reduced production and more rational competition in the sucralose industry [4][7] Group 2 - The price of sucralose has experienced significant fluctuations, with a peak of over 480,000 RMB per ton in early 2022, followed by a decline that saw prices drop below 130,000 RMB per ton, leading to widespread losses among producers [4][5] - The current price increase marks a recovery from a low point, with prices rising by 85,000 RMB per ton compared to last year's minimum, indicating a shift away from the "bottom range" [5] - The market for sucralose is expected to improve due to a combination of reduced supply and increased demand, particularly in the fourth quarter as holiday seasons drive up consumption [5] Group 3 - The sucralose market is highly concentrated, with the top four companies holding over 95% market share, and leading company Jinhe Industrial accounting for more than 55% of the global market [6][7] - The ongoing rationalization of competition is expected to enhance the profitability of companies, as the industry moves away from destructive price wars that have historically hindered innovation and sustainable development [7] - The trend towards healthier, reduced-sugar products suggests a continued growth potential for sucralose, with the recent price adjustments signaling the beginning of a new development cycle in the sweetener industry [7][8]
乙二醇日报:煤制复产与库存施压,乙二醇静待成本驱动-20250812
Tong Hui Qi Huo· 2025-08-12 09:37
Industry Investment Rating - No investment rating provided in the report Core Viewpoints - Ethylene glycol may continue to trade in a narrow range in the short term, constrained by high inventory and coal chemical restarts above, and supported by cost margins below. The market expects the mid - term supply - demand contradiction to ease, but the rebound of near - term contracts is limited. It is recommended to focus on the impact of oil and coal price fluctuations on cost logic [1][2] Summary by Directory 1. Daily Market Summary - **Prices and Spreads**: The price of the ethylene glycol futures main contract rose by 35 yuan/ton to 4457 yuan/ton, and the spot price in East China also rose by 35 yuan/ton to 4490 yuan/ton. The basis shrank by 35 yuan/ton to 3 yuan/ton. The 1 - 5 spread widened slightly from - 45 yuan/ton to - 33 yuan/ton, and the far - month structure remained at a discount [1] - **Position and Volume**: The position of the main contract decreased by 5762 lots to 199,600 lots, while the trading volume increased by 13,300 lots to 94,000 lots, indicating increased short - term capital games and some short - sellers closing their positions [1] - **Supply**: The overall ethylene glycol operating rate increased by 0.98 percentage points to 63.28%, with the coal - based operating rate rising by 2.53 percentage points to 58.98%, and the oil - based operating rate remaining at a high of 66.15%. All process routes are in losses, but no large - scale production cuts have occurred, resulting in continuous short - term supply pressure [1] - **Demand**: The load of polyester factories remained stable at 89.42%, and the load of Jiangsu and Zhejiang looms was 63.43% without change. Weak terminal orders led to mainly rigid demand procurement of polyester raw materials, and the demand side lacked upward drivers [1] - **Inventory**: The inventory at the main ports in East China increased by 58,500 tons to 485,700 tons in a single week, and the inventory in Zhangjiagang soared by 40.6% to 180,000 tons. The arrival volume decreased by 67,000 tons to 101,700 tons, indicating faster unloading at ports but lower shipping efficiency and accumulating explicit inventory pressure [2] 2. Industrial Chain Price Monitoring - **Futures and Spot Prices**: The main contract price of MEG futures rose from 4422 yuan/ton to 4457 yuan/ton, a 0.79% increase. The spot price in the East China market rose from 4455 yuan/ton to 4490 yuan/ton, also a 0.79% increase. The basis decreased from 38 yuan/ton to 3 yuan/ton, a 92.11% decline [4] - **Spreads**: The 1 - 5 spread of MEG widened from - 45 yuan/ton to - 33 yuan/ton, a 26.67% increase; the 5 - 9 spread decreased from 83 yuan/ton to 76 yuan/ton, an 8.43% decrease; the 9 - 1 spread decreased from - 38 yuan/ton to - 43 yuan/ton, a 13.16% decrease [4] - **Profits**: The coal - based profit remained at - 314 yuan/ton, with no change [4] - **Operating Rates**: The overall ethylene glycol operating rate increased by 1.0 percentage points to 63.3%, the coal - based operating rate increased by 2.5 percentage points to 59.0%, and the oil - based operating rate remained unchanged at 66.2%. The load of polyester factories and Jiangsu and Zhejiang looms remained unchanged [4] - **Inventory and Arrivals**: The inventory at the main ports in East China increased by 59,000 tons to 486,000 tons, a 13.69% increase; the inventory in Zhangjiagang increased by 52,000 tons to 180,000 tons, a 40.62% increase; the arrival volume decreased by 67,000 tons to 101,700 tons, a 39.72% decrease [4] 3. Industrial Dynamics and Interpretations - **Market Quotes**: On August 11, the negotiation price in the East China US dollar market moved up in the morning and remained stable in the afternoon, with no reported transactions. The spot price in the Shaanxi ethylene glycol market remained stable at around 4000 yuan/ton. The price in the South China market increased, but the trading was light. Affected by the US - Russia meeting and weekend polyester sales, the futures market adjusted upwards, and the current negotiation price in East China was around 4485 yuan/ton [5] 4. Industrial Chain Data Charts - The report provides charts on the closing price and basis of the ethylene glycol main contract, ethylene glycol production profit, domestic ethylene glycol plant operating rate, downstream polyester plant operating rate, ethylene glycol inventory at East China main ports, and total ethylene glycol industry inventory [6][8][10]
中辉期货日刊-20250808
Zhong Hui Qi Huo· 2025-08-08 04:39
1. Report Sector Investment Ratings - Crude oil: Cautiously bearish [1] - LPG: Cautiously bullish [1] - L: Cautiously bearish [1] - PP: Cautiously bearish [1] - PVC: Cautiously bearish [1] - PX: Cautiously bearish [1] - PTA: Cautiously bearish [1] - Ethylene glycol: Cautiously bearish [1] - Glass: Cautiously bearish [2] - Soda ash: Cautiously bearish [2] - Caustic soda: Cautiously bearish [2] - Methanol: Cautiously bearish [2] - Urea: Cautiously bearish [2] - Asphalt: Bearish [2] - Propylene: Cautiously bearish [2] 2. Core Views of the Report - Supply glut leads to weakening oil prices, but downside support is rising; short - term there may be a small rebound [1]. - LPG has a low valuation, and its position has risen to a recent high, increasing the rebound momentum [1]. - Cost support for L has weakened, while the spot price has stabilized and rebounded, and the basis has strengthened [1]. - The cost of PP continues to fall, the total commercial inventory continues to accumulate, and the export profit margin has turned negative, with weak downstream restocking power [1]. - The upstream operation of PVC has increased, and the social inventory has accumulated for 7 consecutive weeks; the supply - demand pattern is expected to continue to accumulate inventory [1]. - The supply - demand of PX is in a tight balance, and the inventory is still relatively high; the cost support of oil prices is expected to weaken [1]. - The operation of PTA devices has little change, the demand is weak, and the cost support is expected to weaken [1]. - The operation of ethylene glycol devices has increased slightly, the arrival and import are lower than the same period, and the demand is weak [1]. - As the delivery month approaches, the market focus of glass has shifted from macro - policy expectations to its own fundamentals, and the inventory has stopped falling and started to increase [2]. - The pattern of the soda ash industry has not improved significantly, the supply is high, and the inventory has increased [2]. - The supply and inventory of caustic soda in Shandong are abundant, and the downstream demand has not improved substantially, showing a supply - surplus situation [2]. - The domestic methanol maintenance devices have resumed production, the overseas devices' load has increased, and the arrival volume in August is expected to be high; the demand is expected to weaken [2]. - The operation load of urea devices is expected to increase, the domestic demand is weak, and the export is relatively good [2]. - The cost of asphalt has compression space, the supply of raw materials is sufficient, and the supply - demand has decreased, with a neutral - bearish fundamental situation [2]. - The spot price of propylene in East China and Shandong has increased, the cost support has weakened, and the downstream demand has not kept up, with obvious surplus pressure [2]. 3. Summaries According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Crude Oil - **Market Review**: Overnight international oil prices continued to decline, with WTI down 0.73%, Brent down 0.69%, and SC up slightly by 0.02% [3]. - **Basic Logic**: The support of the peak season for oil prices is gradually decreasing, and the pressure of OPEC+ production increase on oil prices is gradually rising. The oil price still has compression space, but the downside support is gradually strengthening, and it may be suppressed around $60 in the medium - to - long term [4]. - **Fundamentals**: In May, US crude oil production increased by 24,000 barrels per day to 13.488 million barrels per day; in July, Kazakhstan supplied 160,000 tons of oil to Germany through the Druzhba pipeline; in July, the crude oil shipped from Russian ports was 3.46 million barrels per day. As of August 3, the arrival volume of Shandong independent refineries decreased by 190,000 tons, a decline of 8.18%. The US commercial crude oil inventory decreased by 3 million barrels to 423.7 million barrels [5]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Focus on the break - even point of new shale oil wells around $60. After taking profit on short positions, you can wait and see. Pay attention to the range of SC [490 - 505] [6]. 3.2 LPG - **Market Review**: On August 7, the PG main contract closed at 3,837 yuan/ton, up 0.05% month - on - month [9]. - **Basic Logic**: The cost - end oil price is weak, the basis is at a high level, and the position has risen rapidly recently. As of August 7, the number of warehouse receipts was 10,199 lots, up 480 lots month - on - month. As of the week of August 8, the LPG commodity volume was 529,200 tons, up 2,700 tons week - on - week [10]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: In the medium - to - long term, the center of gravity is expected to move down. Technically, there may be a short - term rebound. Try to go long with a light position. Pay attention to the range of PG [3750 - 3870] [11]. 3.3 L - **Market Review**: The L2509 contract closed at 7,297 yuan/ton, and the L9 - 1 spread was - 67 yuan/ton [15]. - **Basic Logic**: Cost support has weakened, the spot price has stabilized and rebounded, and the basis has strengthened. Most devices have restarted recently, and the supply pressure has increased marginally. The social inventory has accumulated for 6 consecutive weeks. As the delivery month approaches, industrial customers can choose the opportunity to sell for hedging [17]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold short positions [18]. 3.4 PP - **Market Review**: The PP2509 contract closed at 7,075 yuan/ton, and the PP9 - 1 spread was - 31 yuan/ton [22]. - **Basic Logic**: The cost continues to fall, the total commercial inventory continues to accumulate, the export profit margin has turned negative, and the downstream restocking power is weak. The basis for further negative fundamentals is limited, and there is technical support at the bottom [24]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Take profit on short positions gradually when the price is low [25]. 3.5 PVC - **Market Review**: The V2601 contract closed at 5,046 yuan/ton, and the number of warehouse receipts increased by 251 lots [29]. - **Basic Logic**: The upstream operation has increased, and the social inventory has accumulated for 7 consecutive weeks. The calcium carbide price has risen continuously, and the cost support has improved. New production capacity will be released in August, and the supply - demand is expected to continue to accumulate inventory [31]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Wait for a rebound and then go short. Pay attention to the range of V [4900 - 5200] [32]. 3.6 PX - **Market Review**: On August 1, the spot price of PX in East China was 7,015 yuan/ton, and the PX09 contract closed at 6,812 yuan/ton. The PX9 - 1 spread was 22 yuan/ton, and the basis in East China was 118 yuan/ton [35]. - **Basic Logic**: The domestic and overseas devices have little change. The PXN spread is at a low level in the same period of the past five years. The demand has weakened slightly but is expected to improve. The supply - demand is in a tight balance, and the inventory is still relatively high [36]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold short positions carefully and pay attention to low - buying opportunities; at the same time, sell call options. Pay attention to the range of PX [6700 - 6790] [37]. 3.7 PTA - **Market Review**: On August 1, the PTA price in East China was 4,740 yuan/ton, and the TA09 contract closed at 4,744 yuan/ton. The TA9 - 1 spread was - 38 yuan/ton, and the basis in East China was - 4 yuan/ton [39]. - **Basic Logic**: The operation of the devices has decreased slightly. The demand of downstream polyester and terminal weaving is weak. The supply - demand tight - balance in August is expected to ease, and the cost support is expected to weaken [40]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Take profit on long positions, pay attention to high - selling opportunities, and sell call options. Pay attention to the range of TA [4640 - 4710] [41]. 3.8 Ethylene Glycol - **Market Review**: On August 1, the spot price of ethylene glycol in East China was 4,480 yuan/ton, and the EG09 contract closed at 4,405 yuan/ton. The EG9 - 1 spread was - 34 yuan/ton, and the basis in East China was 75 yuan/ton [43]. - **Basic Logic**: The domestic and overseas devices have increased their load slightly, but the arrival and import are still lower than the same period. The demand of downstream polyester and terminal weaving is weak. The supply - demand is in a tight balance in July and August, and the inventory is low [44]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Take profit on long positions, pay attention to high - selling opportunities, and sell call options. Pay attention to the range of EG [4360 - 4410] [45]. 3.9 Glass - **Market Review**: The spot market quotation has continued to decline, the futures price has fallen slightly, the basis in Hubei has expanded, and the number of warehouse receipts has increased [48]. - **Basic Logic**: The "anti - involution" policy expectation is repeated, the market risk preference has declined, and the sentiment is cautious. A glass production line has been restarted, the production has increased, the sales have slowed down, and the inventory has increased [49]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Pay attention to the range of FG2509 [1050, 1080] [50]. 3.10 Soda Ash - **Market Review**: The spot price of heavy soda ash has declined, the futures price has fallen slightly, the negative basis has expanded, and the number of warehouse receipts and forecasts has increased [53]. - **Basic Logic**: The hype of macro - policies has cooled down. The supply has increased slightly this week, and the inventory has ended three weeks of destocking. The supply - demand surplus pattern has not improved significantly, and the fundamentals are bearish [54]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Not clearly stated in the text. 3.11 Caustic Soda - **Market Review**: The spot price of liquid caustic soda has declined, the futures price has fallen, the center of gravity has moved down, the main - contract basis has narrowed, and the number of warehouse receipts has remained unchanged [58]. - **Basic Logic**: The supply and inventory of caustic soda in Shandong are abundant. The terminal alumina industry's demand for caustic soda is low, and the non - aluminum terminal demand is limited. The supply - demand pattern has not changed significantly, and the demand has not improved substantially [59]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Not clearly stated in the text. 3.12 Methanol - **Market Review**: On August 1, the spot price of methanol in East China was 2,385 yuan/ton, and the main 09 contract closed at 2,393 yuan/ton. The basis in East China was 2 yuan/ton, the port basis was - 8 yuan/ton, the MA9 - 1 spread was - 92 yuan/ton, and the China - Southeast Asia methanol re - export profit was 61 US dollars/ton [61]. - **Basic Logic**: The domestic maintenance devices have resumed production, the overseas devices' load has increased, and the arrival volume in August is expected to be high. The demand is expected to weaken, the social inventory has accumulated, and the cost support has stabilized [62]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Add short positions at high prices for the 09 contract and sell call options; pay attention to low - buying opportunities for the 01 contract. Take profit on the MA9 - 1 spread gradually when it rebounds. Pay attention to the range of MA [2355 - 2400] [63]. 3.13 Urea - **Market Review**: Not clearly stated in the text. - **Basic Logic**: The operation load of urea devices is expected to increase next week, the domestic industrial and agricultural demand is weak, the factory inventory has decreased but is still high compared with the same period, and the export is relatively good [2]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold short positions carefully for the 09 contract and pay attention to low - buying opportunities for the 01 contract [2]. 3.14 Asphalt - **Market Review**: Not clearly stated in the text. - **Basic Logic**: The cost of oil has compression space, the supply of raw materials is sufficient, the supply - demand has decreased, the inventory has accumulated, and the fundamental situation is neutral - bearish [2]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Try to go short with a light position. Pay attention to the range of BU [3450 - 3550] [2]. 3.15 Propylene - **Market Review**: Not clearly stated in the text. - **Basic Logic**: The spot price in East China and Shandong has increased, the cost support has weakened, the upstream operation rate has decreased marginally, the downstream demand has not kept up, and the factory inventory has accumulated for 4 consecutive weeks, with obvious surplus pressure [2]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: Hold short positions [2].
芳烃橡胶早报-20250808
Yong An Qi Huo· 2025-08-08 02:20
Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - For PTA, although it remains in a state of inventory accumulation, the absolute inventory level is not high. With the current low processing fees for spot goods persisting for some time, and considering the limited inventory pressure of filament and the continuous inventory reduction of bottle - grade chips at low operation rates, the polyester operation rate is expected to gradually stabilize and has upward potential. It is advisable to look for opportunities to expand processing fees by buying at low prices [2]. - For MEG, the short - term inventory accumulation pressure is not significant, and the port inventory is expected to remain at a low level. The situation is favorable and the profit margin is decent. However, in the far - term, there is an expectation of inventory accumulation due to the restart of overseas plants and the further increase of coal - based operation rates. The valuation is greatly affected by the subsequent evolution of the cost side, and it should be regarded as a wide - range fluctuation. Attention should be paid to the restart progress of satellite plants [2]. - For polyester staple fiber, as the finished - product inventory of the polyester yarn end is reduced, the downstream operation rate may increase. Although the supply of staple fiber itself may also increase, considering that the processing fees on the futures market are still in a relatively low range, opportunities to expand processing fees by buying at low prices can be considered [2]. - For natural rubber and 20 - grade rubber, the national explicit inventory remains stable at a relatively low level but does not show seasonal reduction. The price of Thai cup - lump rubber has rebounded due to rainfall affecting rubber tapping. The strategy is to wait and see [2]. Summary by Related Catalogs PTA - **Price and Margin Changes**: From August 1 to August 7, crude oil prices dropped from $69.7 to $66.4, PTA internal - market spot prices decreased from 4750 to 4690, and PTA processing fees decreased from 121 to 101. The PXN spread weakened significantly, and the disproportionation and isomerization benefits declined [2]. - **Device Changes**: Taihua's 1.5 - million - ton plant was under maintenance, and its 1.2 - million - ton plant restarted; Ineos' 2.35 - million - ton plant reduced production by 20%; Jiaxing Petrochemical's 2.2 - million - ton plant was under maintenance [2]. MEG - **Price and Margin Changes**: From August 1 to August 7, the MEG external - market price decreased from 523 to 525, and the MEG coal - based profit decreased from 506 to 512. The MEG internal - market cash flow (ethylene) decreased from - 568 to - 554 [2]. - **Device Changes**: Inner Mongolia Tongliao's 300,000 - ton plant restarted, and Shanxi Wonen's 300,000 - ton plant was under maintenance [2]. Polyester Staple Fiber - **Price and Margin Changes**: From August 1 to August 7, the price of 1.4D cotton - type staple fiber decreased from 6600 to 6550, and the short - fiber profit increased from 21 to 21 (with fluctuations in between). The cotton - polyester staple fiber spread increased from 8185 to 8340 [2]. - **Device Changes**: Xianglu's small - line plant was under maintenance, and the operation rate decreased slightly to 90.3% [2]. Natural Rubber & 20 - Grade Rubber - **Price Changes**: From August 1 to August 7, the price of US - dollar - denominated Thai standard spot increased from 1720 to 1760, and the price of Shanghai full - latex decreased from 13910 to 14150. The RU main - contract price increased from 14310 to 15525 [2]. - **Spread Changes**: The spread between the mixed rubber and the RU main - contract decreased from - 260 to - 1215, and the spread between the US - dollar - denominated Thai standard and the NR main - contract increased from 197 to 289 [2]. Styrene - **Price and Margin Changes**: From August 1 to August 7, the price of pure benzene (East China) increased from 6070 to 6135, and the domestic styrene profit remained at - 198 (with fluctuations in between). The EPS domestic profit decreased from 320 to 200 [5].
纯苯苯乙烯日报:周中EB港口库存小幅回落-20250807
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-08-07 05:22
Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - BZ port inventory decreased slightly without further accumulation. Short - term downstream demand for BZ is okay, but CPL and styrene开工 rates have declined, and there is still some finished - product inventory pressure downstream, with a drop in phenol - acetone开工 rate. On the supply side, the shipping pressure from South Korea has not further increased, but the new production capacity of Yulong Petrochemical in China has an impact, and BZ processing fees continue to consolidate at a low level [3]. - For styrene, the port inventory declined again during the week. The port basis and the 09 - 10 inter - period spread of futures rebounded from the bottom. Combined with the increase in downstream提货 volume, it reflects the speculative demand for the peak seasons of "Golden September and Silver October" has emerged. However, the production schedule of white goods at the terminal is still average, there is still inventory pressure for downstream PS and ABS, and the production profit of hard plastics is also average, so the sustainability of restocking is in doubt [3]. Summary by Directory 1. Pure Benzene and EB's Basis Structure and Inter - period Spread - Figures include the relationship between the pure benzene main contract basis and the pure benzene main futures contract price, pure benzene main contract basis, pure benzene spot - M2 paper cargo spread, pure benzene continuous first - contract to continuous third - contract spread, EB main contract trend & basis, EB main contract basis, and styrene continuous first - contract to continuous third - contract spread [8][12][18]. 2. Production Profits and Domestic - Foreign Spreads of Pure Benzene and Styrene - Figures cover naphtha processing fees, the difference between pure benzene FOB South Korea and naphtha CFR Japan, styrene non - integrated device production profit, the difference between pure benzene FOB US Gulf and pure benzene FOB South Korea, the difference between pure benzene FOB US Gulf and CFR China, the difference between pure benzene FOB Rotterdam and CFR China, pure benzene import profit, styrene import profit, the difference between styrene FOB US Gulf and CFR China, and the difference between styrene FOB Rotterdam and CFR China [20][23][34]. 3. Inventory and Operating Rates of Pure Benzene and Styrene - Figures show pure benzene inventory at East China ports, pure benzene operating rate, styrene inventory at East China ports, styrene operating rate, styrene commercial inventory in East China, and styrene factory inventory [40][42][45]. 4. Operating Rates and Production Profits of Styrene Downstream - Figures display EPS operating rate, EPS production profit, PS operating rate, PS production profit, ABS operating rate, and ABS production profit [52][54][56]. 5. Operating Rates and Production Profits of Pure Benzene Downstream - Figures include caprolactam operating rate, phenol - acetone operating rate, aniline operating rate, adipic acid operating rate, caprolactam production gross profit, phenol - acetone production gross profit, aniline production gross profit, adipic acid production gross profit, PA6 regular spinning bright production gross profit, nylon filament production gross profit, bisphenol A production gross profit, PC production gross profit, epoxy resin E - 51 production gross profit, pure MDI production gross profit, and polymer MDI production gross profit [60][64][81]. Strategies - Unilateral: Hold a wait - and - see attitude towards pure benzene and styrene [4]. - Basis and Inter - period: Conduct reverse arbitrage when the spread between near - month BZ paper cargo and distant BZ2603 is high, and conduct reverse arbitrage when the BZ2603 - BZ2605 inter - period spread is high; conduct reverse arbitrage when the EB2509 - 2510 inter - period spread is high [4]. - Cross - variety: Shrink the EB - BZ spread when it is high [4].