Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for treasury bonds is "oscillation" [5] Core Viewpoints of the Report - Economic data in May showed a mixed performance, with external demand weakening but government subsidies taking effect. While the economy demonstrated resilience in Q2, facing a growth target of 5% is not difficult, but pressure on the fundamentals will gradually emerge in Q3, making it necessary to introduce incremental policies. The bond market is desensitized to the fundamentals and will maintain an oscillatory pattern in the short term [1][2][3] Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. External Demand Weakens but Government Subsidies Take Effect, Economic Data Shows Mixed Performance - **Production Side: Industrial Production Weakens, Service Industry Strengthens** - In May, the year-on-year growth rate of industrial added value was 5.8%, lower than expected and the previous value, with external demand weakening and persistently low prices being the main reasons. The growth rate of the service industry production index was 6.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous value, due to policy support and holiday demand [1][13][14] - Looking ahead, the production growth rate is likely to maintain a resilient decline, with structural differentiation continuing. Industrial production will face downward pressure, but the year-on-year reading of industrial added value will not decline significantly. The growth rate of the service industry production may weaken, but will not decline sharply either [19] - **Demand Side: Manufacturing, Real Estate, and Infrastructure Growth Rates All Decline** - From January to May, the cumulative investment growth rate in manufacturing was 8.5%, continuing to decline. External demand weakening, the domestic supply-demand imbalance, and policy factors have affected corporate investment willingness, but policy support has maintained a certain level of resilience [22] - From January to May, the cumulative growth rate of general infrastructure was 10.42%, showing a slight decline. The slow issuance of local special bonds is the main reason. In the short term, infrastructure growth may face downward pressure, but it will rise again with policy support [26][30] - Most real estate data continued to weaken. The willingness of the residential sector to purchase homes with debt remains low, and real estate companies are facing increasing financial pressure. Policy aims to stabilize the real estate market while accelerating industry transformation [31][32][33] - **Demand Side: Retail Sales Growth Rate Exceeds Expectations and Rebounds** - In May, the growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods was 6.4%, higher than the previous value. Holiday factors and government subsidies have stimulated consumer demand, but the sustainability of consumption improvement needs to be observed. In Q3, incremental policies are expected to boost consumption [36][37][39] 2. The Bond Market is Desensitized to the Fundamentals and Maintains an Oscillatory Pattern in the Short Term - The fundamental environment is still favorable for the bond market, but market participants are well aware of this, so fundamental news is unlikely to drive the bond market to strengthen further. The yield curve is relatively flat, and the upward space for long-term bonds mainly depends on the performance of short-term bonds [40][41] - Short-term bonds are currently overvalued, and their upward movement requires confirmation of a continuous loosening of the money supply. In the short term, the market will be oscillatory, and the bond bull market may show a "stop-and-go" rhythm [42] - Strategies include paying attention to mid - line long positions on dips, noting that the opportunities for futures positive spreads have significantly decreased, and initial opportunities for steepening the yield curve have emerged, requiring close attention to changes in liquidity expectations [43][44][45]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the strengthening of China-Africa economic cooperation, particularly through the implementation of zero-tariff policies for 53 African countries, excluding Swaziland, as part of the commitment made during the 2024 China-Africa Cooperation Forum [1][5][6] - China has been Africa's largest trading partner for 16 consecutive years, and the new tariff policies are expected to provide opportunities for African exporters in key sectors such as agriculture, textiles, and minerals, helping them mitigate the impact of high U.S. tariffs [3][5] - The Chinese government has progressively expanded its zero-tariff treatment for African least developed countries since 2005, with 98% of tariff items from 27 African least developed countries already benefiting from this policy as of June 2024 [5][6] Group 2 - The recent U.S. tariff measures have negatively impacted the global trade system, particularly affecting the economies of the least developed African countries that rely on trade with the U.S., prompting these nations to seek alternative trade partnerships, notably with China [3][6] - The exclusion of Swaziland from the zero-tariff initiative is significant, as it maintains official relations with Taiwan, which contradicts the broader consensus among African nations supporting the One China principle [6][8] - Articles emphasize that China's approach to trade and economic cooperation is not merely symbolic but involves substantial policy implementation aimed at upgrading African industries and enhancing export capabilities [6][8]

Core Viewpoint - The economic data for May indicates a mixed performance, with supply-side growth remaining strong while demand-side indicators show signs of slowing down, particularly in investment and real estate sectors [1][5]. Supply Side: Strong Support - In May, the industrial added value for large-scale enterprises grew by 5.8% year-on-year, slightly above the market expectation of 5.7% [6]. - The manufacturing sector saw a marginal slowdown, with high-tech industries maintaining robust growth rates of 8.6% [6]. - The service sector production index increased by 6.2%, driven by recovering consumer demand and increased holiday travel [9]. Fixed Asset Investment: Real Estate Drag - Fixed asset investment grew by 3.7% year-on-year, below the expected 4.1%, with infrastructure and manufacturing growth rates declining [10]. - Real estate investment saw a significant decline of 10.7%, indicating ongoing challenges in the property market [10][14]. - The construction sector is under pressure due to local government debt and slow issuance of special bonds for projects [10][11]. Consumption: Accelerating Beyond Expectations - Social retail sales increased by 6.4%, significantly higher than the market expectation of 4.8%, with both goods and catering consumption reaching new highs for the year [19]. - The increase in consumption is attributed to policy effects, pre-scheduled shopping festivals, and high demand for electronics and home appliances [19][22]. Outlook: Stabilizing with Localized Pressure - The impact of tariff changes on the economy is expected to weaken, with the second quarter growth likely to exceed earlier market expectations [24]. - However, persistent low prices may continue to erode corporate profits and delay improvements in consumer expectations [24].

Consumption and Retail - In May, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 6.4% year-on-year, reaching a new high since 2024, boosted by subsidies in home appliances and communications[1] - Home appliances and audio-visual equipment saw a year-on-year growth of 53.0%, while communication equipment grew by 33.0%, with increases of 14.2 and 13.1 percentage points respectively compared to the previous month[1] - Retail sales of essential goods and dining services grew by 9.6%, 5.3%, and 5.9% year-on-year, indicating stable growth in essential and service consumption[1] Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment growth fell to a year-to-date low of 2.7% year-on-year in May, a decline of 0.8 percentage points for the second consecutive month[2] - Real estate development investment decreased by 12.0% year-on-year, with the decline widening by 0.7 percentage points compared to the previous month, reflecting weak demand and high inventory levels[2] - Infrastructure investment (excluding electricity) dropped to a six-month low of 4.9%, down by 0.9 percentage points[2] Real Estate Market - The residential sales area saw a year-on-year decline of 4.6%, deepening by 2.2 percentage points, marking the lowest since October 2024[2] - New housing starts and completions fell by 18.2% and 22.1% year-on-year, respectively, indicating a continued downturn in the real estate sector[2] - Housing prices in first-tier cities experienced a month-on-month decline of 0.7%, reflecting ongoing challenges in the real estate market[2] Industrial Production - Industrial value-added growth slightly decreased by 0.3 percentage points to 5.8% year-on-year in May, with manufacturing down to 6.2%[2] - The textile industry, significantly impacted by previous high tariffs, saw a notable decline of 2.3 percentage points compared to April, with a year-on-year growth of only 0.6%[2] - Export-oriented industries such as automotive and electronics maintained growth rates above 10%, with increases of 11.6%, 10.2%, and 11.0% year-on-year[2] Economic Outlook - The economic data indicates a "two strong, two weak" scenario, with robust durable goods consumption and a slowdown in real estate and traditional infrastructure investment[2] - A potential interest rate cut of 10 basis points is anticipated to stabilize the real estate market, along with an expected increase in consumer subsidies of 200 billion yuan to counteract potential export declines[2] - The central government's fiscal expansion is likely to be a key source of incremental policy support in the second half of the year[2]

Economic Performance - In May, industrial added value increased by 5.8% year-on-year, slightly above the consensus forecast of 5.7%[4] - Retail sales of consumer goods grew by 6.4% year-on-year in May, exceeding expectations and up 1.3 percentage points from April[10] - Fixed asset investment showed a cumulative year-on-year growth of 3.7% from January to May, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous period[18] Sector Analysis - Manufacturing investment from January to May rose by 8.5% year-on-year, while real estate investment fell by 10.7%[21] - The cumulative year-on-year decline in real estate new construction area was 22.8%, with completed area down by 17.3%[22] - High-tech industries saw a cumulative year-on-year growth of 9.5% in industrial added value from January to May[6] Policy Implications - The importance of stabilizing domestic demand is emphasized, especially with external uncertainties remaining high[30] - Active fiscal policies are being accelerated, with government bond financing continuing to grow significantly[30] - The government is focusing on measures to stabilize the real estate market and boost consumer spending[30] Risks - Potential risks include a resurgence of global inflation and a faster-than-expected economic slowdown in Europe and the U.S.[30]

6月16日，国家统计局发布2025年5月工业生产数据，工业生产保持较快增长。数据显示，5月份，全国 规模以上工业增加值同比增长5.8%，保持较快增长；剔除季节因素后，环比增长0.61%。 从三大门类看，制造业增长6.2%，高于全部规模以上工业0.4个百分点；采矿业增长5.7%，电力、热 力、燃气及水生产和供应业增长2.2%。从行业和产品看，在41个大类行业中，35个行业增加值同比增 长，增长面为85.4%；在统计的623种主要工业产品中，326种产品产量实现增长，增长面为52.3%。从 累计看，1—5月份，全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.3%。 从高频数据来看，重点钢厂钢材产量和需求有所回落，供需两端均有不同程度增速放缓，工业部门产出 缺口在二季度重新走弱，企业对未来生产经营预期不确定性上升。此外，5月份，规模以上工业企业产 销率为95.9%，同比下降0.8个百分点；前5月规模以上工业企业出口交货值累计同比增长4.1%。马泓认 为，这表明内地传统工业部门生产下行压力逐渐增大。 民生证券研究院首席经济学家陶川表示，从工业生产来看，出口景气度出现分化。陶川进一步分析，相 较于大型企业，小型企业在利用美国海关的" ...

Core Viewpoint - The industrial added value of large-scale industries in May increased by 5.8% year-on-year, indicating a positive growth trend in the industrial sector [1] Group 1: Industrial Growth - In May, the industrial added value of large-scale industries grew by 0.61% month-on-month, and from January to May, it increased by 6.3% year-on-year [1] - By sector, mining increased by 5.7%, manufacturing by 6.2%, and electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply by 2.2% in May [1] Group 2: Economic Type Analysis - In May, state-controlled enterprises saw a 3.8% increase in added value, while joint-stock enterprises grew by 6.3%, foreign and Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan-invested enterprises by 3.9%, and private enterprises by 5.9% [1] Group 3: Industry Performance - Out of 41 major industries, 35 experienced year-on-year growth in added value in May, with notable increases in coal mining (5.5%), oil and gas extraction (5.3%), and agricultural and sideline food processing (7.6%) [2] - The automotive manufacturing sector showed significant growth of 11.6%, while the railway, shipbuilding, aerospace, and other transportation equipment manufacturing sectors grew by 14.6% [2] Group 4: Product Output - In May, 326 out of 623 industrial products saw year-on-year output growth, with steel production at 12.743 million tons (up 3.4%) and automotive production at 2.642 million units (up 11.3%), including 1.245 million new energy vehicles (up 31.7%) [3] - The sales rate for industrial enterprises was 95.9%, a decrease of 0.8 percentage points year-on-year, while the export delivery value reached 1.2682 trillion yuan, a nominal increase of 0.6% [5]

Economic Performance - In May, industrial added value grew by 5.8% year-on-year, while the service production index increased by 6.2%[1] - The GDP growth rate for May is estimated at 5.6%, consistent with the previous value[1] - Social retail sales in May rose by 6.4% year-on-year, marking the highest growth rate since 1999[1] Consumption Trends - The "old-for-new" policy significantly boosted consumption, with home appliance sales increasing by 53.0% and communication equipment by 33.0%[1] - "Self-indulgence" consumption categories, such as sports and entertainment goods, saw growth rates of 28.3% and 21.8% respectively[1] Investment Insights - Fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) reached 191,947 billion yuan, growing by 3.7% year-on-year; manufacturing investment grew by 8.5%[1] - Real estate development investment fell by 10.7% year-on-year, with an estimated monthly decline of 11.98%[1] Industrial Production - Industrial added value for May was 5.8%, down from 6.1% in April, indicating a marginal slowdown[2] - Manufacturing investment growth is expected to slow down further due to external uncertainties and diminishing returns from equipment renewal policies[1] Employment Situation - The urban survey unemployment rate decreased to 5.0% in May, down from 5.1% in April[2] - Local household unemployment improved significantly, while unemployment among migrant workers increased slightly[2]

宏 观 研 究 华福证券 投资要点： 宏 观 点 评 社零增速回升创阶段新高，家电通讯补贴效果强化。5 月社会消费品 零售总额同比增长 6.4%，较前月回升 1.3 个百分点，创 2024 年以来阶段性 新高。家电通讯两大类消费补贴效果再度得到强化是主要推升因素，当月 家电音像、通讯器材同比分别增长达 53.0%和 33.0%，增速分别较前月上行 达 14.2 和 13.1 个百分点。房地产市场再度趋弱导致对后地产链条耐用品消 费的持续拖累，汽车尽管同样享受以旧换新补贴但同比 1.1%第二个月低位 徘徊，建筑装潢材料、家具同比增速分别下滑 3.9、1.3 个百分点；此外油 价走低亦拖累石油制品同比跌幅扩大 1.3 个百分点。限额以上必需品、必 需品占比较高的限额以下商品零售、餐饮收入同比分别增长 9.6%、5.3%、 5.9%，分别较 4 月上行 0.7、1.3、0.7 个百分点，显示必需品和餐饮等服务 消费增长稳健。 固定投资增速降至年内新低，房地产和传统基建是两大拖累。5 月固 定资产投资同比 2.7%，连续第二个月回落 0.8 个百分点，降至年内增速新 低。房地产开发投资同比-12.0%，跌幅较前月扩大 ...

Economic Performance - In May, the industrial added value increased by 5.8% year-on-year, down from 6.1% in April, with a cumulative growth of 6.3% from January to May[1] - The total retail sales of consumer goods grew by 6.4% year-on-year in May, up from 5.1% in April, with a cumulative growth of 5.0% from January to May[1] - Fixed asset investment from January to May increased by 3.7% year-on-year, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous value, with May's investment growth at 2.7%, a decline of 0.8 percentage points from April[1][2] Industrial Sector Insights - The manufacturing sector's added value growth slowed to 6.2% in May, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, primarily due to external trade environment changes affecting export trade[4] - Despite a slowdown in export delivery value growth to 0.6% in May, the industrial added value remained around 6.0% due to domestic demand policies and technological innovation[5] - High-tech manufacturing added value grew by 8.6%, indicating strong support for overall industrial performance[5] Consumer Behavior - The rapid growth in retail sales was driven by the "old-for-new" policy for durable goods, with significant increases in categories like home appliances (53.0% growth) and communication equipment (33.0% growth) in May[8] - Automotive retail sales saw a rebound with a 13.6% increase, although the retail sales growth was only 1.1%, indicating pricing pressures in the market[8][9] Investment Trends - Manufacturing investment from January to May showed a cumulative year-on-year growth of 8.5%, with equipment investment growing by 17.3%, contributing significantly to overall investment growth[10] - Real estate investment continued to decline, with a cumulative drop of 10.7% from January to May, and a monthly decline of 12.4% in May, reflecting ongoing market adjustments[11] - Infrastructure investment (excluding electricity) grew by 5.6% year-on-year from January to May, but May's growth slowed to 5.1% due to weak project funding and execution[12] Future Outlook - The economic outlook suggests continued challenges from external trade dynamics, with expectations of further monetary easing and fiscal measures to support growth in the second half of the year[3][13] - The real estate market's stabilization is crucial for boosting consumer confidence and investment, with anticipated support measures to enhance housing market recovery[11][14]