Group 1 - China has reduced its holdings of US Treasury bonds for the third consecutive month, with the amount falling to the lowest level since 2009, totaling $767.4 billion after a decrease of $7.6 billion in March [1] - In contrast, Japan increased its holdings by $19.9 billion to $1.19 trillion, while the UK raised its holdings by $26.8 billion to a record high of $728.1 billion [1] - Concurrently, the People's Bank of China has been making significant purchases of gold, indicating a strategic shift in asset allocation [1][2] Group 2 - China's strict control over domestic gold flows has led to a record import of 127.5 metric tons of gold in April, marking a 73% increase, alongside a new record of 11.5 metric tons of platinum imports [2] - Analysts highlight that the US is facing a structural crisis of dollar credit and debt, with long-term fiscal deficits leading to an imbalance in Treasury supply and demand, posing threats of economic recession and hyperinflation [3] - The importance of gold as a stable asset to hedge against dollar volatility is emphasized, as China aims to diversify its foreign exchange reserves and reduce reliance on US Treasury bonds [6][8] Group 3 - The ongoing reduction of US Treasury holdings by China may exert additional pressure on the US economy, signaling a decline in confidence in dollar assets, which could lead to a cautious approach from other investors towards US debt [8] - The historical context of US presidents expressing concern over rising national debt without taking substantial action is noted, with the current national debt reaching an alarming $36 trillion [6] - The internationalization of the renminbi is accelerating as China's economic influence grows, necessitating a diversified foreign exchange reserve system [6][8]

法国巴黎银行（BNP Paribas）指出，面对美国新一轮贸易关税打击，日本当局在支持这个亚洲第二大 经济体方面所能动用的财政与货币政策手段非常有限。 "日本在财政和货币政策上几乎没有多少回旋余地来支持经济增长，"该行首席经济学家伊莎贝尔·马特 奥斯·伊·拉戈（Isabelle Mateos y Lago）5月21日在东京接受采访时表示。 "不幸的是，日本必须在几乎得不到政策助力的情况下，度过这一高度不确定的时期。" 她指出，虽然由前首相安倍晋三于2015年启动的企业治理改革举措将在一定程度上提振经济，但其效应 还需要时间逐步显现。 央行加息恐将延后 在美国总统特朗普"美国优先"政策推动下，日本汽车及零部件对美出口被征收额外25%的关税，钢铁和 铝产品亦同样被加征25%税率，其他商品则被施加所谓"对等"关税，税率为24%。 根据日本贸易振兴机构的数据，2023年出口占日本国内生产总值的约17%。美国是日本最大的出口市 场，其次是中国，这一趋势在2024年仍在延续。 鉴于关税预计将对以出口为导向的经济造成冲击，日本央行已下调了2025年和2026财年的增长预期，并 强调全球贸易前景存在"极高"的不确定性。 日本 ...

实时数据：5月26日亚盘早市，现货黄金延续上周五跌势，日内最低触及3331.38美元/盎司，较上周五收盘价3356.21美元/ 盎司下跌约0.23%。 | 昨收 | 3356.21 | 最高 | 3356.81 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 开盘 | 3356.18 | 最低 | 3331.38 | | 买入 | 3348.63 | 卖出 | 3348.83 | 一、特朗普政策反复无常，贸易风险持续扰动市场 交易策略：详情请见专栏《独家观点》 尽管短期波动加剧，但黄金长期牛市根基未改。美国联邦债务突破36万亿美元，穆迪下调美国主权信用评级，叠加关税可 能推升通胀至3.0-3.5%，黄金作为抗通胀和避险资产的需求持续增强。此外，央行购金和ETF资金流入提供长期支撑， 2025年金价仍有望冲击3400美元/盎司。投资者可利用回调机会逐步布局中长期多单，止损参考3300美元关键支撑。 风险提示：以上分析基于公开信息，不构成投资建议。市场有风险，交易需谨慎。 二、美联储会议纪要与PCE数据成关键节点 本周市场将聚焦两大核心事件： 美联储5月会议纪要（5月29日）：市场预期纪要将披露美联储 ...

Core Viewpoint - Gold prices are experiencing slight pressure due to a delay in high tariffs on the EU announced by President Trump, which has reduced market concerns over global trade conflicts and subsequently weakened demand for gold as a safe-haven asset [2] Group 1: Market Dynamics - As of May 26, gold prices reported at $3347.54 per ounce, with a decline of 0.28%, reaching a high of $3356.32 and a low of $3331.05 during the session [1] - The overall trend for gold last week was a volatile upward movement, with a weekly low of $3204 and a high of $3365, closing the week at $3359 [2] Group 2: Influencing Factors - The delay in tariff implementation has temporarily pressured gold prices, but concerns over global inflation and the U.S. fiscal outlook continue to support gold's value [2] - Moody's downgrade of the U.S. long-term credit rating from "AAA" to "AA1" has increased the attractiveness of gold as a safe-haven asset, putting additional pressure on the dollar [2] - Analysts predict that gold prices will continue to rise, influenced by the U.S. rating downgrade, ongoing gold purchases by major Asian countries, and trade-related anxieties [2]

Currency Exchange Rates - The CFETS RMB exchange rate index fell to 96.2, down 0.5% week-on-week; the BIS RMB exchange rate index dropped to 101.79, down 0.57%, marking a new low since September 2023; the SDR RMB exchange rate index decreased to 91, down 0.42% [1] - The onshore RMB against the USD closed at 7.1895, up 142 basis points for the week, reaching a new high since November 8 of the previous year; the offshore RMB against the USD rose by 376 basis points, closing at 7.1722 [1] Economic Indicators - The U.S. 20-year Treasury bond auction results were poor, with a bid-to-cover ratio dropping to 2.46, the lowest since February of this year; the yield reached 5.047%, marking the second time it exceeded 5% [3] - The Eurozone's composite PMI fell to 49.5, indicating economic contraction, with the services PMI dropping to 48.9, the lowest since January 2024 [4] Foreign Investment and Trade - In April 2025, foreign capital net purchases of domestic bonds reached $10.9 billion, indicating a high level of foreign investment; foreign investment in domestic stocks turned into net buying in late April [2] - China's trade with Central and Eastern European countries reached 329.68 billion yuan in the first four months of this year, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%, setting a historical high for the same period [6] Monetary Policy - The People's Bank of China announced a simultaneous decrease in loan and deposit rates, with the one-year and five-year LPR down by 10 basis points to 3.0% and 3.5%, respectively [7] - The PBOC will conduct a 500 billion yuan MLF operation to maintain liquidity in the banking system, resulting in a net injection of 375 billion yuan for the third consecutive month [7]

本周，美元呈现下跌态势，主要是因资金逃离美元资产。资金出现这种流向，主要源于评级公司调降了 美国主权信用评级、特朗普减税法案对美国赤字前景的负面影响，以及关税后续谈判进展不顺利等因 素。 基于同样的原因，美国国债市场本周也遭遇大幅下跌。就当前情况来看，资金外流的最主要去向是欧 盟、英国及日本。 在本周，美国公布的经济指标数量并不多。周四公布的数据显示，尽管当前经济存在较高的不确定性， 但5月劳动力市场依然保持着稳健的增长态势。至5月17日当周初请失业金人数为22.7万人，优于市场预 期的23万人。这一数据在一定程度上反映了美国劳动力市场的韧性，但未能改变美元因资金外流等因素 导致的下跌趋势。 每日经济新闻 在经历连续四周的上涨之后，本周美元走势急剧转弱。美元指数在一周内累计大幅下跌1.84%，降至 99.10点。深入分析本周美元下跌的原因，主要有以下三个方面： 评级下调引发投资者信心动摇：5月16日，评级公司穆迪将美国主权信用评级从"Aaa"下调至"Aa1"。这 一举措使得投资者原本就存在的对美元资产的回避心理进一步加剧。穆迪作出这一评级调整，主要是出 于对美国超高财政赤字及沉重债务负担的担忧。这一评级下调事 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent fluctuations in the US dollar index are primarily driven by the re-evaluation of US fiscal and credit risks, following Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign rating and concerns over long-term fiscal sustainability [1] Market Analysis - The US dollar index has experienced a decline due to a downgrade in the US sovereign rating by Moody's, with all three major rating agencies rating US debt below AAA [1] - The 30-year US Treasury yield has surpassed 5.1%, while short-term rates remain stable, indicating rising concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability [1] - The derivatives market is seeing a record high of bearish sentiment towards US assets [1] Trade and Capital Flows - In April, the foreign exchange settlement deficit slightly widened, with increased activity in corporate foreign exchange transactions [1] - The merchandise trade surplus has narrowed, with a net inflow of $64.9 billion in cross-border capital, indicating resilient exports but facing uncertainties [1] - Foreign investment in Chinese bonds is improving, as evidenced by a rebound in the custody volume of RMB bonds [1] Economic Indicators - Retail sales and industrial value-added output in April showed year-on-year growth, while the May LPR cut signals support for the RMB [1] - The preliminary May PMI in the US exceeded expectations, but the downgrade by Moody's has weakened confidence in the dollar [1] Currency Outlook - The dollar is expected to maintain a weak position against the RMB in the short term, with potential short-selling opportunities following a period of range-bound trading [1] - The euro may be in a favorable position due to the attractiveness of euro-denominated assets amid US tariff policies [1] - The Japanese yen has shown resilience despite weak fundamentals, influenced by the downgrade of the dollar rating [1] Strategic Considerations - The focus is on the potential for a widening interest rate differential between the US and China due to fiscal risks and policy uncertainties [1] - Attention is also directed towards the progress of US-EU tariff negotiations, which could impact the euro's position [1]

Group 1 - Recent significant pullback in credit risk assets such as long-term US and Japanese government bonds, leading to a rise in decentralized safe-haven asset gold [1][2] - Moody's downgraded the US credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, exacerbating the situation for dollar assets and contributing to a surge in gold prices, which exceeded $3300 per ounce by May 21 [1][5] - The US dollar index fell below 100, reaching 99.6, highlighting the challenges faced by fiat currencies in the current economic climate [1][2] Group 2 - Concerns over the sustainability of US and Japanese debt have led to persistently high yields on government bonds, with US 20-year and 30-year bond yields surpassing 5% as of May 21 [2][3] - Japan's long-term bond yields have also risen significantly, with 20-year, 30-year, and 40-year yields increasing by 39.7 basis points, 72 basis points, and 101.2 basis points respectively since the announcement of "reciprocal tariffs" [2][3] Group 3 - The recent downturn in US and Japanese bond markets is linked to weak auction results, with Japan's 20-year bond auction yielding the worst results since 2012, and the US 20-year bond auction also showing weak demand [4] - Strong demand for gold is evident, with global physical gold ETF inflows reaching approximately $11 billion in April, driven largely by significant inflows from Asia [4][5] Group 4 - Following Moody's downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating, there has been a notable increase in gold holdings, with COMEX gold inventory rising by 30,648.47 troy ounces and SPDR gold ETF holdings increasing by 36,869.5 troy ounces [5] - China's gold imports reached a new high of 127.5 metric tons in April, reflecting a 73% month-on-month increase, driven by both central bank purchases and increased retail demand [5]

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury's recent auction of $16 billion in 20-year bonds faced weak demand, leading to a rise in 30-year Treasury yields to an 18-month high, hovering above 5% [1] - RSM's chief economist Joseph Brusuelas noted a shift in investor perception regarding the safe-haven value of long-term U.S. Treasuries, driven by increasing risks related to government spending, taxation, trade, inflation, and growth [1] - Moody's downgrade of the U.S. credit rating has raised concerns, with projections indicating that U.S. debt could reach 134% of GDP by 2035, highlighting the unsustainable nature of the current deficit levels compared to other developed nations [1] Group 2 - The Responsible Federal Budget Committee estimates that the recent tax cut plan could increase the deficit by $3.1 trillion over the next decade, equivalent to 10% of this year's GDP [2] - Analysts have expressed concerns about the implications of high deficits during a period of low unemployment, likening current borrowing levels to wartime financing [2] - There are warnings that unless the stock market experiences another significant downturn, the administration may not reconsider its tax cut strategy, potentially leading to a severe sell-off in long-term bonds that could impact risk assets [2]

由于美国政府债务风险持续上升，穆迪评级公司（Moody's Ratings）于上周五宣布，将美国的主权信用 评级从最高等级Aaa下调至Aa1，并将评级展望从"负面"调整为"稳定"。值得注意的是，此前惠誉评级 （Fitch Ratings）已于2023年，标普全球评级（S&P Global Ratings）早在2011年便已将美国评级下调至 非最高等级。至此，美国已全面失去了全球三大评级机构的最高评级。 穆迪为何下调美国评级？ 穆迪指出，美国历届政府和国会未能就遏制巨额财政赤字达成有效共识。目前正在讨论的财政方案，也未 显示出在未来数年内能实质性削减强制性支出和赤字的可能性。穆迪预计，未来十年，美国赤字将持续扩 大，主要原因在于福利支出上升，而政府收入增长趋于平缓。 报告还指出，若税收和支出结构未作出调整，美国政府的财政灵活性将进一步受限。穆迪预测，到2035 年，包括利息支出在内的强制性支出将占联邦政府总支出的78%，高于2024年的73%。若2017年《减税 与就业法案》全面延续，未来十年将额外增加约4万亿美元的结构性赤字（不含利息），这是穆迪的基准 情境预期。 据其模型估算，美国联邦财政赤字预计将从202 ...