以下文章来源于大地期货研究院 ，作者刘慧华 大地期货研究院 . 大地期货研究院官方订阅号 观点小结 仓储：被定义为"对库存产品的临时保管，以备后续分发"，通常被用作存储的同 义词。存储只是仓储流程中的一个环节，即商品暂时静态存储的阶段。 仓储单元 ：为储存产品而建造或改造的建筑物或设施，这些建筑物或设施分为 :( i ) 常规仓库、 (ii) 结构仓库和充气仓库、 (iii) 散货仓库； iv) 散装化仓库； ( 五 ) 筒仓； e 、 vi) 袋装筒仓。 巴西仓储数据源：国家供应公司（ Conab ）维护和管理的全国仓储单位登记系统 （ SICARM ） ；由巴西地理统计局（ IBGE ）每半年开展一次的 库存调查 ；以 及 IBGE 每十年进行一次的 农业普查 ，其最近一次是在 2017 年。 2024 年静态容量：约 2.1-2.2 亿吨。 SICARM 显示， 89.3% 为散装货物的容 量； IBGE 显示，筒仓占比 49% ，散货型和散货化占比 34% 。 2017 年农业普查仓储分类：筒仓占比 60% ，传统仓库占 23% 。 88.8% 的仓 库属于农业经营单位所有。 粮农组织建议 一个国家的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The risk of stagflation in the US remains, with significant implications from the recent tariff policies that could lead to retaliatory measures from trade partners, negatively impacting both the US and global economic growth while potentially increasing inflation in the long term [1][2]. Group 1: US Economic Outlook - The current US GDP growth rate is stable at over 2%, with an unemployment rate of 4.2%, indicating a relatively healthy economy [19]. - The Federal Reserve is expected to implement 5-6 rate cuts by the end of 2025, although there is a possibility of accelerating these cuts to stimulate the economy [19]. Group 2: Tariff Policy Impact - The recent US tariff policies are more aggressive than previous rounds, raising concerns about their potential to cool down the global economy [2]. - Historical data shows that previous tariff increases have led to significant declines in both imports and exports, as seen during the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which resulted in a 66% drop in US imports from 1930 to 1933 [22]. Group 3: China Economic Performance - China's economy showed resilience in the first quarter, but the likelihood of a slowdown in the second quarter has increased, suggesting a cautious outlook for the year [3]. - The Chinese government has set a GDP growth target of around 5% for 2025, indicating a stable but cautious economic strategy [26]. Group 4: Commodity Market Trends - The performance of various metals since May indicates a mixed response to tariff announcements, with gold and silver prices declining by 3.9% and 1.3% respectively, while aluminum and tin saw increases of 1.7% and 1.8% [9]. - The volatility in the commodity market is expected to decrease in the second quarter, reflecting a more stable trading environment [31]. Group 5: Supply Chain and Industry Dynamics - Close attention is required on supply-side disruptions that could affect commodity pricing and availability [5]. - The influence of precious metals on the pricing dynamics of the non-ferrous sector is a critical area for monitoring [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of the peanut market in China for the 2024/2025 production season, highlighting the reasons for the prolonged stalemate in supply and demand, the impact of natural disasters on production, and the cautious mindset of farmers regarding planting decisions [1][2][4][12]. Supply and Demand Analysis - Domestic demand for peanuts is weak, particularly in the food-grade segment, leading to a cautious purchasing attitude among various market participants. The total sales volume in key distribution areas has decreased by approximately 20% in the 80 days following the 2025 Spring Festival [1]. - The production cost has increased due to lower-than-expected yields, with the average cost of peanut production reaching around 3.0 CNY per jin, while the market price is hovering around 4.1 CNY per jin, providing a psychological support level for prices [2][4]. Market Sentiment and Inventory Pressure - Despite predictions of a peak in farmer sales, there has been no significant selling pressure observed in the market. Current inventory levels are manageable, with approximately 100,000 tons of peanuts in stock across Liaoning province, which is expected to last until August [4]. - The sentiment among farmers is cautious, with many holding back on selling due to the need to maintain prices above their production costs [4][12]. Planting Area and Cost Trends - The planting area for peanuts in traditional regions is expected to stabilize between 80% and 90%, while some peripheral areas may see a slight decrease from 70% to 60-65% [8]. - The average production cost for peanuts in Liaoning province has decreased by approximately 100 CNY per mu compared to the previous year, with seed prices dropping from 5.7-5.8 CNY per jin to around 5.1 CNY per jin [10][8]. Future Outlook - The planting pace for the upcoming season may be slower due to the cautious attitude of farmers, with potential delays in the new crop's market entry. The market may experience tight inventory levels during August and September, which could lead to a price increase above 4.5 CNY per jin [12][13]. - The impact of natural disasters on production is expected to limit the likelihood of significant selling pressure in the Liaoning market, with the focus shifting to the consumption rate of existing inventory and weather conditions affecting the upcoming crop [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the structural forces driving global changes, rather than being distracted by short-term events that cause market volatility [2][3]. Group 1: Structural Forces Driving Global Change - Five major forces are currently shaping the evolution of the global landscape: 1) Debt and monetary systems, which are core variables affecting markets and economies [3][4] 2) Domestic wealth disparity and value division, which are reshaping political dynamics [3][8] 3) The process of international order/disorder, determining the evolution of global governance [3][9] 4) Natural forces, including droughts, floods, and pandemics, which are increasingly impacting economies [3][10] 5) Human innovation, particularly rapid technological advancements, which can bring both benefits and risks [3][11]. Group 2: Debt and Monetary System - The current high levels of government debt and deficits in the U.S. and other countries will primarily dictate future market and economic directions, rather than daily policy choices by leaders [4][5]. - The accumulation of debt will force governments to either raise taxes or increase debt monetization, both of which will have profound impacts on the market [5][6]. - The ability to attract capital inflows and create win-win situations will significantly help alleviate the current situation, contingent on management capabilities [6][7]. Group 3: Domestic Wealth Disparity and Value Division - The trend of wealth disparity has evolved into a structurally irreconcilable conflict, leading to the rise of populism and authoritarian politics, undermining democratic institutions and the rule of law [8][9]. Group 4: International Order - The current global landscape lacks a single dominant power, with many countries led by populist leaders favoring unilateralism, increasing the risks of geopolitical, trade, technological, and military conflicts [9]. Group 5: Natural Forces and Technological Innovation - The worsening of natural factors is leading to higher economic and real costs, with effective responses becoming a key indicator of national governance capabilities [10]. - Rapid technological innovation is enhancing human capabilities but also poses significant risks, marking a critical juncture for monetary, political, and international order [11][12]. Group 6: Recommendations - All short-term news should be viewed within the context of the five major forces shaping the long-term landscape, particularly regarding monetary, political, and international order [15]. - The current situation is on the brink of significant change, with the key being whether these transformations can be managed intelligently and collaboratively [16]. - In investment, a systematic framework is essential, including effective asset diversification, to avoid reactive strategies in response to news or market fluctuations [16].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent changes in tariffs on rubber and tire imports to the United States, highlighting that while tariffs on certain Chinese tires remain unchanged, other products have seen a reduction in tariffs, which may have limited impact on the overall market due to low export volumes from China [2][5]. Tariff Modifications - Tariffs on Chinese passenger car and light truck tires remain at 25%, while other Chinese tires have been reduced to 10% (with a 24% rate paused for 90 days) [2][3]. - For Southeast Asian tires, tariffs remain unchanged at 25% for passenger and light truck tires, and 0% for other types [2]. Impact on Rubber Products - The reduction in tariffs for Chinese rubber products is down to 10% from a previous 24% [3]. - The actual volume of Chinese tires exported to the U.S. is low, with only 310,000 tons expected in 2024, translating to a mere 50,000 tons of rubber, indicating that tariff changes may not significantly affect rubber consumption [4]. Market Reactions and Expectations - The market has experienced a decline of 2,000 points, primarily driven by recession expectations and long positions being liquidated, rather than the direct impact of the 232 tariff [5][9]. - There is a noted decrease in bullish sentiment due to changes in underlying market logic, with supply exceeding market expectations [5][10]. Supply and Demand Dynamics - The supply from major rubber-producing countries like Thailand and Indonesia has shown a year-on-year increase of over 10%, contradicting previous expectations of supply constraints [11]. - The article suggests that the basic logic of a long-term supply-demand gap may need to be reassessed based on current supply data [10]. U.S. Demand and Economic Indicators - U.S. freight demand has been weak, with cargo volumes near historical lows, which correlates with overall economic performance and PMI levels [18]. - The article emphasizes the need to monitor terminal demand changes and how companies respond to tariff impacts, as these factors will influence inventory cycles [18]. International Tire Manufacturers' Perspectives - Major international tire manufacturers, such as Goodyear and Michelin, have expressed concerns about increased costs due to tariffs, estimating potential annual costs of $300 million, which they plan to pass on to consumers [29][32]. - There is an expectation that the effects of tariffs on tire imports may not be fully realized until the third quarter of the year [30]. Conclusion - The overall sentiment among international tire manufacturers is pessimistic regarding the impact of trade wars on tire and automotive demand, with expectations of reduced production in North America [32][33].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the positive impact of easing trade tensions between the US and China on the shipping industry, highlighting a rebound in shipping indices and expectations for improved demand and pricing in the maritime sector [2][3]. Short-term Logic - Trade easing and the initiation of a replenishment cycle are expected to support freight rates during the peak season in Europe and the US [2]. - The increase in freight rates on US routes has been confirmed, while the extent of increases on European routes remains uncertain [2]. - Strategy suggests holding long positions in peak season contracts, with a reduction in positions if prices stagnate [2]. Macro Events Driving Shipping Index - High-level talks between the US and China on tariff issues led to significant progress, boosting market optimism and resulting in a strong rebound in shipping indices [3]. - The US announced a 90-day suspension of tariffs on Chinese goods, which is expected to stimulate trade volumes and improve short-term shipping demand [3]. Supply and Demand Fundamentals - Supply side: The trade war has led to a significant drop in cargo volumes on US routes, with a notable number of sailings canceled. However, the reduction in tariffs is expected to lead to a quick recovery in cargo volumes [7][8]. - Demand side: The adjustment of tariffs is anticipated to increase bilateral trade volumes, with US importers likely to ramp up orders from China during the 90-day suspension period [8]. - Seasonal patterns indicate that European industrial goods replenishment typically occurs in May and June, which may further enhance demand [8]. Freight Rate Dynamics - Following the tariff reductions, shipping companies have begun to raise freight rates in anticipation of increased demand, with specific rate hikes already announced [9]. - The article notes that while the US routes are seeing immediate benefits, the European routes have not yet shown significant increases in cargo volumes, leading to skepticism about the sustainability of price increases [9]. Medium to Long-term Analysis - Despite a temporary easing of tariff tensions, structural issues in US-China trade relations remain, posing ongoing challenges for the shipping market [10]. - The success of shipping companies' pricing strategies during the peak season will be crucial for freight rates and the overall shipping index [10]. - The strategy suggests being cautious about chasing high prices and looking for opportunities in specific contract spreads [10].

Core Viewpoint - The chemical sector experienced a collective rise, driven primarily by substantial progress in US-China trade negotiations, which exceeded market expectations [2] Group 1: Chemical Sector Performance - The chemical sector saw significant increases, with styrene leading the way with a limit-up of 5.99%, followed by butadiene rubber at 5.85%, PX at 2.82%, and PP at only 1.29% [1] - Styrene's price increase was supported by a favorable supply-demand situation, with port inventory decreasing to 56,700 tons, which is 11.82% lower than the same period last year [2] - Butadiene rubber's price surge was influenced by macroeconomic improvements and supply disruptions from a factory's equipment failure, leading to a spike in raw material prices [3] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - PX faced production cuts due to compressed margins, while downstream PTA processing fees improved, delaying some maintenance schedules and leading to increased production [3] - Polypropylene's performance was hindered by significant inventory accumulation and weakened supply-demand dynamics, limiting its rebound potential [4] Group 3: Future Outlook for the Chemical Sector - Despite the short-term strength in the chemical sector, there are concerns about the sustainability of these gains due to potential OPEC+ production increases and limited fundamental support for most chemical products [5] - Styrene's price increase may face challenges from high downstream inventory levels and weak supply-demand conditions for pure benzene, limiting its rebound potential [5] - The easing of US-China tariff issues may lead to a temporary inventory replenishment in the polyester sector, but seasonal demand weaknesses and production pressures remain [5]

Core Logic - The supply-demand balance of commodities is fundamental, with cost valuation serving as a strong support when there is a clear oversupply, while it becomes a mere reference when there is a significant shortage [1] - The analysis focuses on representative varieties from non-ferrous metals, black metals, and energy chemicals, assessing their performance over the next 3-5 years based on the surplus ratio [2][4] Historical & Future Analysis - Over the past 3-10 years, only copper has consistently shown a shortage, with projections indicating that copper and zinc will be in short supply by 2025, particularly copper [4] - For the next 3-5 years, copper remains the best long-term investment, followed by aluminum and zinc [4] Cost Valuation Overview - The article provides a detailed table of historical and projected balance estimates for various metals, including copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, nickel, iron ore, and crude oil, indicating whether cost valuation is considered [6] - The cash cost structure of copper mining is closely linked to crude oil prices, with significant components including materials, labor, fuel, and electricity [11][19] Copper Market Insights - The cash cost of copper mining is expected to rise slightly, influenced by oil price fluctuations and mining efficiency [15][21] - The current supply of copper cannot meet the demand for electrolytic copper, suggesting that copper prices will not enter a cost-based pricing phase unless a global recession occurs [20][22] Aluminum Market Outlook - The aluminum market is expected to experience an expanding supply-demand gap, with domestic production capacity constraints and increasing demand driven by electrification [24][30] Lead-Zinc Market Dynamics - The cash costs of lead-zinc mining are driven by GDP growth and energy prices, with labor and consumables being significant cost components [31][32] - The cash cost structure indicates that zinc prices are closely aligned with cash costs, providing a solid support level [37][42] Tin Market Analysis - The cost structure of tin mining is complex, with mining costs, energy costs, and compliance costs significantly impacting overall expenses [44][50] - The global tin mining cost center is expected to rise due to declining ore grades and increasing energy and labor costs [47][51] Nickel Market Projections - Nickel is projected to remain in a surplus state for the next few years, with cost valuation becoming more significant post-2026 as production growth slows [52][57] Iron Ore and Crude Oil Cost Structures - The cost structure of iron ore mining varies significantly by region, with Australian and Brazilian operations generally having lower costs compared to Chinese operations [61][66] - Crude oil extraction costs are influenced by geological conditions and regional policies, with significant variations across different countries [78][80]

Core Viewpoint - The recent "Geneva Economic and Trade Joint Statement" between China and the U.S. indicates a significant easing of trade tensions, with both countries agreeing to modify tariffs on each other's goods, which may lead to a gradual recovery of trade flows and improved economic conditions [1]. Group 1: Trade Policy Changes - The U.S. will suspend the implementation of a 24% tariff on Chinese goods for the first 90 days, retaining a 10% tariff thereafter, and will eliminate additional tariffs imposed in early April [1]. - China will similarly suspend a 24% tariff on U.S. goods for 90 days, keeping a 10% tariff, and will cancel other tariffs imposed in early April [1]. Group 2: Market Reactions and Implications - The easing of trade tensions is expected to positively impact sensitive sectors, with shipping and oil markets likely to see increased demand and price stabilization [2][7]. - The potential for a recovery in U.S. orders and changes in transshipment trade are critical indicators for future trade negotiations and market dynamics [3]. Group 3: Commodity-Specific Impacts - The shipping market is anticipated to experience a surge in demand due to the tariff suspensions, particularly in the U.S. shipping lanes, which may lead to a temporary reversal in shipping volumes [7]. - The oil market remains cautious, as the tariff adjustments do not directly affect crude oil trade flows, but the overall sentiment may improve due to reduced trade tensions [9]. - Cotton exports from China to the U.S. may recover if negotiations continue positively, enhancing China's competitive position in the textile market [11]. Group 4: Economic Indicators and Future Outlook - Key indicators to monitor include China's PMI new export orders and U.S. retail inventory levels, which will provide insights into the stability of trade conditions [4]. - The overall economic outlook remains cautious, with potential risks from U.S. fiscal policies and global inventory cycles impacting market sentiment [5].

欢迎加入交易理想国知识星球 文 | 对冲研投研究院 编辑 | 杨兰 摘要： 出口的坚韧与国内精炼铜消费的强劲可以形成相互验证，这种情况可能在 5 月份仍会有所持续，因此短期内国内精炼铜预计仍将维 持较强的去库格局，从而对价格、升水、月差带来较为明显的支撑，同时近期国内政治局会议也强调了政策对低价格的指引需求，这 也从一定程度上相当于为工业品划定了底线思维 。 1、上周金铜窄幅震荡 贵金属方面，上周 COMEX 黄金上涨 2,5 2%，白银 上涨 2.18%；沪金2506合约 上涨 0 .77%，沪银2506 合约下跌 0 .17%。主要工业金属价格中，COMEX铜、沪铜分别变动-0.93%、+0.3%。 2、贸易谈判延续，风险偏好回升 上周宏观方面较为平静，缺乏重要经济数据指引，同时美国的贸易谈判仍在开展，美国已经率先同英国达成贸易协定，并且 也已经与中国代表在瑞士展开谈判，所以整体宏观情绪较为平静，同时上周的美国初请失业金人数也出现下降，劳动力市场 短期内仍然稳固，市场急于定价美国经济衰退或者复苏都是不太合理的交易，因此价格本身的表现也较为平静。周末中美贸 易代表在瑞士的谈判结果对短期市场的走强可能有较强的 ...