Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the balance between short-term and long-term economic goals, with a focus on achieving a 5% economic growth target while promoting reforms and technological innovation to enhance economic efficiency and potential growth space [2][3]. Consumption - The "trade-in" policy has seen a significant increase in usage, with daily purchase volumes for various products rising substantially from early 2024 to late May, including a 61.2% increase in automobiles and a 95.7% increase in home appliances [4][8]. - There is currently 138 billion yuan in national subsidy funds for trade-ins that have not yet been allocated, with plans for further disbursement in July and October [4][8]. - The government is also focusing on preventing fraud in subsidy claims, with measures to ensure compliance and proper implementation of the trade-in policy [7]. Consumer Policy - Recent consumer policies are shifting towards establishing long-term mechanisms rather than short-term stimulus, with an emphasis on improving the consumption environment and infrastructure [9][10]. - Enhancing the income distribution mechanism to increase earnings for low-income groups is crucial for boosting consumption [11]. Real Estate - The real estate market is currently weak, with a 4.6% year-on-year decline in residential sales area in May, but there is a push for structural reforms to improve the quality of housing supply [14][15]. - The government aims to promote the construction of high-quality housing and to revitalize existing land and projects to address inventory issues [14][15]. Reform - Recent reforms focus on improving public services and linking them to population metrics, with a clear intention to accelerate the implementation of previously outlined reform measures [16][18]. Financial Support - There is an increasing emphasis on supporting technology and manufacturing sectors, with new financial tools expected to be introduced to facilitate investment in these areas [19][20]. - The government is also promoting the development of technology innovation bonds to support the financing of tech and manufacturing projects [21][22].

文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人张馨月 5月CPI同比下降0.1%，最大的拖累项是交通和通信，降幅达到4.3%，是CPI大类中唯一的负增长项 目。具体来看，在交通通信项中，5月CPI交通工具分项的同比下降3.4%，主要原因是汽车降价。根据 乘联会数据，5月份乘用车销量同比增长13%，新能源车销量同比增长28%，但5月社零中的汽车消费 金额的增速仅为1.1%，原因也是降价。5月整车厂启动了新一轮价格下调。乘联会数据显示，5月中旬 汽车市场折扣率为24.8%，相比4月份的23.7%进一步扩大，达到2023年以来的最高折扣水平。 走出内卷，仍需依靠创新突破，依靠改革打破市场分割和地方保护，依靠外交努力打开更 大的海外市场。 新能源车降价并非新鲜事。一方面，电池上游原材料碳酸锂价格从2022年11月的56万元/吨的高点跌 到了目前6万元/吨，期间新能源车价格持续下调。另一方面，面对技术的快速迭代进步，经销商必须 降价才能加速清理相对落后的车型库存，最近备受争议的"0公里二手车"也与此有关。 汽车降价对CPI产生了持续的拖累，对CPI的影响约0.2至0.3个百分点。但这包含了一部分"技术性通 缩"的因素，新能源车的降价如同十 ...

6 月上半月中美航运量迅速反弹 6 月前 10 日韩国出口回暖 地产销售低位，一二线弱于三线 汽车销量同比抬升，新能源亮眼 01 6月上半月，中美航运量迅速反弹 本期Headline 关于本栏目 高频数据难懂？挖掘信息不易？【国金高频图鉴】每周一期，与您一同从高频数据库中抽丝剥茧，看懂 全球经济的新变化。如需底层数据库，欢迎联系国金宏观团队。 随着5月12日中美关税缓和，中美之间贸易往来有所升温，价格率先修复。但航运量安排具有一定 滞后性，一直到六月中美航运量才开始好转。 彭博编制的集装箱出港量（Container Ship Departure）本周均值59.1，较五月最后一周已反弹超 25%。 02 6月前10日，韩国出口回暖 | 月份 | 出口同比 | 美国 | 欧盟 | 中国 | 日本 | 印度 | 越南 | 新加坡 | 中国香港 中国台湾 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2025/ 06 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 14. 5 | 2.9 | - 5. 9 | 12. 0 | -9.5 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the evolution of the relationship between Trump and Musk, highlighting their initial close alliance and subsequent public fallout due to ideological differences and personal conflicts [4][5][7] - Musk's role in the Trump administration was initially seen as pivotal, addressing key economic issues like inflation and national debt, but conflicts over tariffs and fiscal policies led to a gradual deterioration of their relationship [3][6][8] - The article emphasizes that the breakdown of their partnership was not sudden but rather a result of systemic erosion of trust and influence, driven by policy decisions that conflicted with Musk's business philosophy [7][8] Group 2 - The "DOGE" initiative, which aimed for significant budget cuts, achieved approximately $175 billion in spending reductions during Musk's tenure, representing 8.75% of the $2 trillion target [11] - Despite these achievements, the article notes that the entrenched structural resistance within the U.S. government limits the effectiveness of top-down reforms like those attempted by Musk [11][14] - The article suggests that the future of "DOGE" may transition into a more systematic and institutionalized phase under Trump's leadership, focusing on fiscal sustainability and efficiency improvements [15][16] Group 3 - The article critiques the systemic inefficiencies of the U.S. government, attributing them to a culture of over-regulation that fosters a compliance-driven mentality among civil servants, which ultimately hampers effective governance [12][14] - Examples of inefficiencies, such as the prolonged delays in major projects like the California high-speed rail and the new Air Force One, illustrate the challenges faced in government operations [13] - The article posits that for "DOGE" to succeed, it must address these deep-rooted structural issues rather than merely implementing superficial cost-cutting measures [14] Group 4 - The article discusses the misjudgment of Wall Street regarding Trump's economic policies, particularly the "TACO" trade, which underestimated his commitment to fiscal tightening and debt sustainability [17][18] - It highlights the potential for Trump's future policies to diverge from market expectations, particularly if he pursues aggressive spending cuts alongside tax reductions, which could lead to economic recession [18] - The overarching narrative suggests that Trump's fiscal strategies are aimed at ensuring long-term financial health and maintaining the global status of the U.S. dollar, despite short-term economic pain [18]

随着特朗普不受掌控的议题开始增多 以及透支效应的展现，居民的消费意愿可能会进 一步收缩，非农的下行风险将被放大（乃至断崖式下降），未来美国经济可能并不会 出现先胀后滞的分阶段变化， 基准情形是经济系统性地缓慢走弱，而非某一个部门出 现明显裂痕。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人钟天 美国近期经济数据的边际变化远比不上资产价格的波动与宏观叙事的演变。关税通胀并未如期发生， 硬数据与软数据的背离也开始修复 ，但波动的相对收敛并不会带来经济走弱这一方向的改变。 毫无疑问，从研究的角度需要继续观察更多的数据来判断关税的微观机制。但正如我们在《 美国衰退 冲击开始共振 》中提到的 ， 众多非关税政策的负面冲击已经变得越发明显 。从洛杉矶的骚乱（非法 移民）到中东的动荡（能源、外交），再到特朗普亲口承认优质劳动力感受到越发明显的寒蝉效应（意 识形态），这些抑制美国经济增长的因素正更加具象化体现。 同时美国需求走弱或将主导未来关税定价的传导。整体来看， 关税通胀不及预期的概率正在进一步上 升 （《 被高估的美国关税通胀 》），供需两侧都存在涨价的限制 （油价会成为波动极大的变量） ， 未来美国经济很可能并不会出现先胀后滞的分阶段 ...

《意见》进一步落实了二十届三中全会在城镇化和民生领域的改革部署 。核心思想是通过结构性改 革，推动基本公共服务与户籍脱钩、与人口挂钩，促进政府增加对基本公共服务的投入，减轻消费潜力 最大的中低收入群体，尤其是灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员在养老、教育、医疗、住房等领 域的负担，提升其消费能力和意愿。 外部环境相对缓和之后，政策转向更加关注长期目标和高质量发展，改革有望再提速。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人张馨月 近期改革信号释放加快，反映出外部环境相对缓和后，政策转向更加关注长期目标和高质量发展，改革 进程有望再提速。 6月9日中办、国办印发《关于进一步保障和改善民生 着力解决群众急难愁盼的意见》（下文简 称"《意见》）。 值得注意的是， 《意见》的成文时间为3月2日，但公布时间为6月9日 ，可能是因 为4-5月的关税密集冲击造成外部不确定性上升，延缓了落实深化改革的政策节奏。 除《意见》外，近期在消费政策方面，更强调完善促消费的长效机制。 6月8日经济日报《金观平：持 续完善促消费长效机制》中提到，"要用好考核'指挥棒'，建立完善科学合理的考核指标体系，引导地 方政府和领导干部树立以促消费为导向的政绩观 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article indicates that the effects of previous policies are gradually diminishing, leading to a noticeable decline in real estate sales in China [2] - In the first week of June, the total transaction area of commercial housing in 30 major cities was 20.6 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 17.2%, with significant declines in first- and second-tier cities [2] - The average daily sales area of second-hand houses in 11 sample cities was 19.0 million square meters, down from 25.6 million square meters, although the transaction share of second-hand houses has rebounded [2] Group 2 - Domestic price pressures continue, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in May showing a month-on-month decrease of 0.2% and a year-on-year decrease of 0.1%, primarily influenced by falling energy prices [3][4] - Energy prices fell by 1.7% month-on-month in May, with gasoline prices decreasing by 3.8% [3] - Agricultural product prices remained stable with a slight decline, with month-on-month decreases ranging from 0.3% to 1.0% [5] Group 3 - In May, automobile retail sales increased by 13% year-on-year and 10% month-on-month, while wholesale sales rose by 14% year-on-year and 6% month-on-month, indicating resilience in the automotive market [9] - The retail sales of new energy vehicles saw a remarkable year-on-year growth of 30% and a month-on-month growth of 14%, with a market penetration rate of 53.5% [10] - Despite maintaining sales resilience, automobile prices showed weakness, with an overall market discount rate of approximately 24.8% in May, up from 23.7% in April [10] Group 4 - The funding chain for construction projects has shown improvement, with the funding availability rate for sample construction sites reaching 59.13% as of June 3, marking a week-on-week increase of 0.26 percentage points [11][14] - Non-residential construction projects saw an increase of 0.53 percentage points, while residential construction projects experienced a decrease of 0.95 percentage points [14] - The improvement in funding availability aligns with some upstream production data, such as a cement clinker capacity utilization rate of 61.0% and an increase in the operating rate of asphalt plants to 31.3% [14]

Core Viewpoint - Despite the easing of tariffs between China and the U.S., the average tariff rate on Chinese goods remains high at around 42%, with significant portions of goods facing rates as high as 57% [2][3] Tariff Analysis - The average tariff rate on U.S. imports from China is approximately 42%, with 40% of goods facing a rate of about 39.5% and 32% facing around 57% [2] - The breakdown of tariffs includes: - Base tariff + Fentanyl tariff + Equalization tariff: 36,011,281 (7.78%) - Base tariff + Fentanyl tariff + Equalization tariff + 301 List (1-3): 146,373,663 (31.64%) - Base tariff + Fentanyl tariff + Equalization tariff + 301 List (4): 187,165,284 (40.46%) - Other categories account for 123,359,456 (26.66%) [3] Trade Dynamics - Following the tariff easing in May, there has been a recovery in direct trade between China and the U.S., with indices for the CCFI West and East routes increasing by 21% and 23% respectively [4] - However, the number of container ships from China to the U.S. showed weak performance in late May, indicating a time lag in the recovery process [4] Import Trends - The U.S. has been "rushing imports" since November last year, with approximately $220 billion worth of goods imported from November 2024 to March 2025, equivalent to one month’s import volume prior to this period [7] - As inventory levels rise and shipping costs increase, U.S. import demand has started to decline, with the growth rate of goods imports dropping from 31.1% in March to 2.2% in April [7] Export Orders - The PMI export order index for China in May and the number of container ships heading to the U.S. in early June suggest that the momentum for "rushing exports 2.0" may be starting to wane [7]

美债"定价锚"的地位下降，一些传统策略组合的有效性受到挑战。 全球资金正在进行新 一轮"再平衡"，主题是非美资产和另类资产。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛 美债的问题不在短期，而在长期，不在短端，而在长端，需求和供给都存在各自的担忧。需求动摇背后 是美元信用的变化，供给则开始计入无法顺利减赤所带来的潜在增发预期，这些都反应在美债期限溢价 的持续抬升。期限溢价的进一步正常化也将增加广义的美元融资成本，对于美元资产持有者形成天然的 损耗。 一、被 作为关税谈判工具的预期，加速了美债信用的侵蚀 美债的信用担忧上升是慢变量，本质是美国政府的偿债能力，财政增收是一个相对缓慢的过程。 共和党人相信通过减税和放松监管能够刺激经济增长，带来更多的税收，特朗普认为可以通过征收关税 的手段来弥补部分财政缺口，除此之外，还可能包括以关税大棒作威胁，强制出售商品、吸引外国对美 投资、鼓励购买美国国债，乃至通过军费或类似"保护费"的形式获取收入。 贝森特近期于彭博采访中表示，"总统当前首要任务是处理债务问题及其可持续性"，特朗普政府发动 关税战的深层动机是化债。尽管贝森特与米兰均否认将货币和美债作为贸易谈判的一部分，但市场依然 认为"海湖庄园协 ...

老二手房类似"红利股"，次新房类似"高估值价值股"， 老现房类似"伪成长股"，压力最 大，新好房类似"成长股"，是推动新房价格回升的主要力量。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人张馨月 目前百城住宅租金价格环比跌幅有所收窄，5月上海、广州住宅租金环比回升，北京、深圳环比回落； 30个二线城市中，住宅租金环比上涨、持平和下跌的城市分别为16个、1个和13个；成都、天津、武 汉、乌鲁木齐的租金比较坚挺。 当前中国人均住房面积已超过40平方米，与发达国家相当，房地产的功能不再仅仅是满足居民基本居 住需求，还带有改善性目的，从"有房住"向"住得好"转变，房子的估值逻辑也在发生变化。 一、大多数房产 终将成为"价值股" 随着市场的逐步成熟与稳定，大部分房产会逐渐演变为"价值股"，稳定、低估值且有一定的租金回报 率。 少数优质的房产，凭借其独特的品质，可能暂时成为"成长股"，但这类房产终究是少数。 租售比是房产的PE，租金是房产的EPS，租售比（租金回报率）决定了房产作为投资品的性价比。 目 前 百 城 租 金 回 报 率 在 2.3%-2.4% ， 从 投 资 角 度 看 ， 租 金 回 报 率 的 合 理 区 间 应 该 在 ...