韩国出口时隔四个月再现负增长 5月各项政府债发行提速 关于本栏目 高频数据难懂？挖掘信息不易？【国金高频图鉴】每周一期，与您一同从高频数据库中抽丝剥 茧，看懂全球经济的新变化。如需底层数据库，欢迎联系国金宏观团队。 本期Headline 5 月各项政府债发行提速 5 月以旧换新商品消费加快 5 月中国出口反弹是否是 " 昙花一现 " ？ 01 5月政府债发行2.3万亿，进度明显加快。 截至5月末，wind口径下政府债净融资规模6.4万亿，发行 进度为46.1%。其中，一般国债、特别国债、新增专项债、特殊再融资专项债、新增一般债的累计 发行进度为39.4%、42.1%、37.1%、81.5%、43.9%。 02 5月以旧换新商品消费加快 | 补贴项目 | 政策资金使用情况 | | --- | --- | | 汽车以旧换新412万辆 | 汽车报废更新方面,新能源汽车补贴2万元,燃油车补贴1.5万元,汽车置换更新 | | | 方面,新能源汽车补贴1.5万元。燃油车补贴1.3万元。截至5月11日,2025年汽 | | | 车以旧换新补贴申请量达322.5万份,其中汽车报废更新103.5万份,置换更新 | | | 21 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recovery and trends in service consumption in China, highlighting the differences between service and goods consumption growth, as well as the performance of various sectors within service consumption. Group 1: Service Consumption Trends - Service consumption has shown a strong rebound for about a year, with a notable increase in growth rates for service retail compared to goods retail. In 2023, service retail grew by 20%, significantly outpacing the 5.8% growth in goods retail. In 2024, service retail is expected to grow by 6.2%, exceeding goods retail growth by 3 percentage points [2]. - The introduction of the "old-for-new" policy in 2024 has contributed to a sustained increase in goods consumption growth, with an estimated 1.5 percentage points increase in consumption driven by this policy [2]. Group 2: Sector-Specific Recovery - The fastest recovery within service consumption is observed in cultural entertainment and dining services, with 2023 year-on-year growth rates of 39.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Their share of cash consumption increased from 3% and 7.5% in 2022 to 3.7% and 8.7% in 2023 [5]. - In 2024, the growth rates for cultural entertainment and dining services are projected to be 10.6% and 8.4%, with their shares of cash consumption rising to 3.9% and 8.9% [5]. Group 3: Urban vs. Rural Consumption - Urban residents have shown a faster recovery in tourism consumption compared to rural residents, with tourism numbers and income recovering to 97.7% and 103.8% of 2019 levels, respectively, while rural residents lag at 81.4% and 84.7% [10]. - Rural residents are more inclined to spend on food, clothing, and daily necessities, with spending growth rates in these categories exceeding those of urban residents in 2024 [10]. Group 4: Seasonal Consumption Patterns - Tourism consumption exhibits a clear holiday concentration, with the proportion of total tourism numbers and income during major holidays like May Day and National Day remaining above pre-pandemic levels, despite a slight decrease from 2020 [11]. Group 5: Per Capita Spending Trends - Per capita tourism spending rapidly recovered to 90% of 2019 levels in 2023 but has since plateaued, indicating a stabilization phase in consumer spending patterns [12]. Group 6: Dining Consumption Insights - There is a notable disparity in growth rates between dining consumption in different market segments, with lower-tier dining establishments experiencing a 6.3% growth compared to just 3% for higher-tier establishments in 2024 [16]. - The performance of dining companies varies significantly based on their market focus, with those operating in lower-tier cities showing substantial profit growth, while those in higher-tier cities face declines [18].

关于本栏目 高频数据难懂？挖掘信息不易？【图说经济】每周一期，与您一同从高频数据库中抽丝剥茧，看 懂全球经济的新变化。如需底层数据库，欢迎联系国金宏观团队。 本期Headline 韩国出口明显 " 分化 " 中美航线货运量持续好转 618 前置，线上家具销售迅速增长 高频数据预测 5 月 GDP 增速企稳于 5.4% 韩国出口明显"分化" 韩国对香港、日本、中国台湾出口强，对中美欧出口弱： 5月前20日，韩国出口同比增速从4月 的-5.3%上行至-2.4%。其中，韩国对中国、美国、欧盟的出口增速从4月-3.5%、-14.4%、13.9%下滑 至-7.2%、-14.6%、-2.7%，表现偏弱。相反，对越南、中国香港、日本、中国台湾出口增速 从-0.1%、-22.4%、-14.7%、22%上行至3.0%、4.5%、-4.5%、28.2%。对中国台湾出口增速维持高位 或与半导体行业相关。 韩国电子、家电、半导体出口强，其余弱：分行业看，5月前20日韩国半导体出口同比从10.7%进一 步上行至17.3%，在各行业出口增速位居第一。此外，钢铁制品、手机、汽车零件同比增速分别从 四月的-8.8%、-0.5%、-1.7%下 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article suggests that first-tier cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen are likely to stabilize first, while second-tier cities such as Chengdu, Hohhot, and Nanchang have more mature conditions for stabilization [1][3]. Group 1: First-tier Cities - Shanghai and Shenzhen are expected to lead in stabilization, with their new housing inventory turnover periods being significantly better than those of Beijing and Guangzhou, at 9.7 and 13.1 months respectively [4]. - The second-hand housing transaction shares for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen are close to stable levels, with increases of 4.2, 6.4, 0.1, and 7.6 percentage points compared to the entire year of 2024 [4]. - The land auction market in Shanghai has shown strong performance, with land revenue of 61.45 billion yuan, a 90% increase year-on-year, and an average premium rate of 23.3%, up by 15.9 percentage points [5]. Group 2: Second-tier Cities - Chengdu, Hohhot, and Nanchang are identified as having more mature conditions for stabilization, with Chengdu's new housing inventory turnover period at 12.8 months, indicating a reasonable range [9][12]. - Hohhot has a rental yield of 2.8% and a minimal decline in rental prices, with land revenue of 3.18 billion yuan this year, a significant increase from 0.35 billion yuan last year [14]. - Nanchang's new housing inventory turnover period is 11.9 months, and its land revenue has increased by 154.5% year-on-year, indicating a positive trend in the real estate market [15].

如果关税未能持续征收，将削弱特朗普在国内外宣扬其经济成就和贸易强硬立场的说服 力，对其政治遗产和未来执政能力构成实质性挑战。 白宫对CIT的裁决将上诉至华盛顿特区的美国联邦巡回法院，最终可能上诉至美国最高法院。在上诉期 间，白宫可能会寻求紧急中止令，暂缓执行裁决，继续征收关税。 这次裁决给予行政部门最多10天时间完成停止征税的行政程序。如果特朗普政府在此期间成功获得了 紧急中止令，那么关税将继续征收，直到上诉法院或最高法院作出进一步裁决。 3、即使上诉最终失败，特朗普政府仍然可能寻求援引其他法律授权来复刻"对等关税"的效果。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛 5月28日，美国国际贸易法院（CIT）做出了一项重要裁决：认定"特朗普宣布的全球关税行政命令， 以及随后对报复国家征收额外关税的命令"均超出了总统在《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）下的权 限。此外，法院还裁定，以打击毒品贩运为由对墨西哥和加拿大征收关税的行政命令也属非法，原因是 这些关税未能有效解决毒品 贩运问题。 1、这次裁决暂停了特朗普绝大多数关税——"对等关税"和针对中国、加拿大和墨西哥征收的与芬太尼 相关的关税。 232条款和301条款加征的关税则不受影响 ...

全国房地产市场仍处于底部的左侧，但一线城市和核心二线城市房地产市场企稳的条件正 逐渐成熟。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛/联系人张馨月 一、随着积压需求的释放接近尾声，4月楼市"小阳春"的成色下降，房地产市场的分化加剧。 自从2024年"926政治局会议"提出"促进房地产市场止跌回稳"以来，地产销售情况明显改善。 新房方面， 全国商品房成交面积同比增速由此前的-10%以上收窄至-3%以内，部分月份同比实现正 增长。1-3月，30大中城市商品房成交面积同比增长2.5%，其中一线城市同比增速达到18.4%。 二手房方面， 1-3月，18个样本城市二手房成交面积同比增长38.3%，其中一线城市同比增速达到 44.1%。 一是新房和二手房表现分化。 4月新房销售面积同比-2.9%，环比降幅超过40%；二手房销售好于新 房，4月18个样本城市二手房成交面积同比20.8%，环比下降7.3%。 二是各能级城市表现分化。 4月30大中城市商品房成交面积同比-12.1%，一、二、三线城市同比增 速分别为-2.2%、-15.1%、-17.9%，一线城市5月（5.1-5.25）同比再度回升至20%以上。 三是土拍市场表现分化。 杭州、上海、 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of the domestic economy, highlighting three main lines: export under trade friction, investment and consumption driven by policy stimulus, and the real endogenous power of the economy. It notes a temporary phase of "grabbing exports 2.0" due to easing US-China trade tensions, with a focus on the resilience of the economy in the second quarter [2]. Group 1: Consumption Trends - There is a divergence in the growth rates of subsidized and non-subsidized consumption, with service consumption growth gradually declining, indicating little change in endogenous consumption momentum. From January to April, retail sales grew by 4.7% year-on-year, with "trade-in" consumption contributing 1.1 percentage points to this growth [3]. - The growth rate of service consumption has decreased from 20% in 2023 to 6.2% in 2024 and 5.1% in April 2025, suggesting a plateau after a rebound [3]. - The consumption subsidy policy is expected to support retail sales growth in the second quarter, with an anticipated increase of 4.5%-5% in retail sales and a final consumption growth of 4.3% [28]. Group 2: Real Estate Market - The 924 policy in real estate has shown a diminishing effect, with sales facing adjustment pressures. From January to April, the cumulative year-on-year change in domestic commercial housing sales area was -2.8%, a significant improvement from -17.1% in 2024 [12]. - The second-hand housing market has performed better, with a year-on-year increase of 21.1% in transaction area from October 2024 to March 2025, raising the proportion of second-hand housing sales [12]. - However, by April, second-hand housing sales began to cool down, with a year-on-year decrease of 22.6% in 11 sample cities, indicating a potential downturn in the market [12]. Group 3: Investment and Economic Growth - Despite little change in endogenous economic momentum, consumption subsidies and export initiatives are expected to significantly support the economy in the second quarter, with a projected GDP growth rate of 5.2% for the quarter [28]. - Fixed asset investment growth is expected to stabilize around 4%, supported by "equipment updates" and related projects, with manufacturing and infrastructure investments showing year-on-year increases of 8.8% and 10.9%, respectively [28]. - The article anticipates a 3%-5% growth in exports in the second quarter, despite facing high base effects [30].

除非美国能够真正提高生产效率和财政效率，让经济脱离滞胀的轨道，让美元全球公认的 储备货币地位得以维持，否则黄金还会有卷土重来的时候。 文：国金宏观宋雪涛 黄金又一次成为市场焦点。4月8日之后伦敦金先以几乎100美元/天的速度迈向3500美元关口，但之 后的一个月陷入了快速波动期。 回首过去三年黄金里程碑式的牛市，每盎司金价从2000美元到2500美元耗时1466天，从2500美元到 3000美元耗时207天，从3000美元到3500美元仅耗时35天。 屡创新高后又出现大幅回调，黄金还能买么？ | 每盎司金价里程碑 | 首次触及日期 | 距离上一里程碑的天数 | ~年数 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 100美元 | 1973/9/28 | | | | 500美元 | 1981/3/16 | 2726 | 7.5 | | 1000美元 | 2008/3/14 | 9860 | 27.0 | | 1500美元 | 2011/4/20 | 1132 | 3.1 | | 2000美元 | 2020/8/18 | 3408 | 9.3 | | 2500美元 | 2024/8/23 | 146 ...

关于本栏目 高频数据难懂？挖掘信息不易？【图说经济】每周一期，与您一同从高频数据库中抽丝剥茧，看懂全球经济的新变化。如需底层数据库，欢迎联系国金宏 观团队。 中美航运数据出现转机 美东、美西航线运价大幅上升 " 出口总额 " 与 " 出口交货值 " 分化 各类群体消费信心普遍下降 地产 "930 小阳春 " 逐步降温 本期Headline 中美航运数据出现转机 船舶停靠量与集装箱吞吐量增加： 5月11-17日，美国洛杉矶港口船舶停靠数量上升至19.0艘，4月均值为21.3艘；港口集装箱进口吞吐量环比增长 16.0%，结束了连续两周的下滑，开始由负转正，当周同比增速上升至-14.2%，4月末同比为56.0%。 集装箱预订量飙升： 贸易追踪机构Vizion公布的数据显示，在美国和中国互降关税之后，在美国下单的从中国到美国的集装箱运输预订量飙升近 300%。而从深圳盐田港船代公司了解到，中美相互调整关税正式实施后，美线货量已从5月初同比下降近50%，恢复到4月2日加税之前水平，并 且还有所增加。 01 02 美东美西航线运价大幅上升 美线集装箱运价大幅上升： 5月10-16日，上海港-美西基本港、上海港-美东基本港 ...

关于本栏目 高频数据难懂？挖掘信息不易？【图说经济】每周一期，与您一同从高频数据库中抽丝剥茧，看 懂全球经济的新变化。如需底层数据库，欢迎联系国金宏观团队。 本期Headline 洛杉矶港口进口与预期同时回落 韩国 5 月前 10 日出口大幅下滑 中国出口仍然维持韧性 国内商品价格下行压力延续 服务业高频好转，有望带动 GDP 增速小幅企稳 美国港口进口与预期同时回落 5月4日 -5月10日，美国洛杉矶港口船舶停靠数量下滑至16艘，4月均值为21.3艘；港口集装箱 进口吞吐量环比下滑-124%，已经连续两周大幅下滑，当周同比增速下滑至32.1%，4月末同 比为56%。 此外，美国洛杉矶港执行董事塞洛卡表示洛杉矶港原本预计5月份将有80艘船只抵达，但其中 20%已被取消。截至目前，客户已经取消了6月份的13个航次。 洛杉矶港进口量下滑或主要反映中美直接贸易往来在持续快速降温。 据统计，中国货物占洛 杉矶港业务量的45%，涵盖家具、玩具及电子产品等。 | | | 03 节后第一周，中国离港船舶数量和载重量维持韧性。 5月4日-5月10日，中国20大港口离港船舶数量均值为199.9艘，上周均值为203.6艘，同 比 ...