1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report The ultra - long credit bond market is experiencing an over - heated sentiment. The ultra - long credit bond market has shown strong performance in both the primary and secondary markets, but there are still vulnerabilities in the market due to the extreme behavior of trading - oriented investors [2][3][4][5]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Ultra - long Credit Sentiment Over - heated 3.1.1 Stock Market Characteristics The ultra - long credit bond market is in an extremely strong situation. The central bank's support for the capital market boosts the bullish sentiment in the bond market. As the yield of coupon assets further declines, the ultra - long credit bonds have strengthened. The number of outstanding ultra - long credit bonds with a yield below 2.2% has increased to 656 compared to last week [2][13]. 3.1.2 Primary Issuance Situation The subscription sentiment for new ultra - long industrial bonds continues to heat up. This week, the issuance scale of new ultra - long credit bonds totaled 31.61 billion, a 153% increase in supply compared to last week. Affected by the re - issued bond "24 Zhonghua 06 (Re - issued)", the average issuance rate of new ultra - long industrial bonds has significantly increased compared to last week. Coupled with the hot market for ultra - long bonds in the cash market, the subscription sentiment for new ultra - long credit bonds continues to rise [3][21]. 3.1.3 Secondary Trading Performance - **Index Performance**: The ultra - long credit bond index leads the market. In the latest week, the ultra - long credit bond index had a leading increase. The weekly increase of the AA+ credit bond index over 10 years was around 0.9%, while the increase of the same - maturity treasury bond index was 0.77% [4][28]. - **Trading Volume**: The trading volume of ultra - long industrial bonds has exceeded the previous high. This week, the market's enthusiasm for speculating on ultra - long credit bonds has further increased. The weekly trading volume of industrial bonds with a maturity of 7 - 10 years reached 644, far exceeding the weekly average during the previous round of the market in January this year. The total trading volume of credit bonds over 10 years also reached 167, indicating a hot trading sentiment [4][31]. - **Trading Yield**: The weekly average trading yield of the most active 7 - 10 - year industrial bonds has dropped to 2.14%, and the spread with 20 - 30 - year treasury bonds has narrowed to 27BP [4]. - **Investor Behavior**: The intensity of low - valuation bond - grabbing for ultra - long credit bonds has significantly increased, and the trading preference for 10 - 20 - year urban investment bonds has also recovered. The proportion of TKN transactions for credit bonds over 7 years has risen to over 80%, reaching around the 90% historical high since 2024 [4][35]. - **Investor Structure**: This week, insurance companies and funds remain the main investors in ultra - long credit bonds. Among them, funds have had a net purchase of ultra - long credit bonds exceeding that of insurance companies in the past two weeks. This week, the scale of funds' increase in 5 - 10 - year credit bonds was more than 7 billion, setting a new high since the first half of the year [41].

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Views - Since 2024, the significant decline in interest rates to historical lows is difficult to explain by nominal GDP changes. In the long - term, Chinese interest rates move within a non - parallel range, with the "upper limit" determined by the entity's investment return rate and the "lower limit" by the scale of "rigid financing" demand. The key force behind the current interest rate decline is the opening of the lower limit, i.e., the rapid clearing of financing demand [2]. - After a major bull market in the bond market in the previous year, it often enters an oscillatory transition phase in the next year. In 2025, the interest rate has shifted from a unilateral bull market to range - bound oscillations, as the financing cycle turns to expansion while the economic cycle lags behind and declines, and the interest rate digests the combined forces through sideways movement [2]. - High - frequency signals indicate a relatively high "winning rate" for the bond market. Market trading sentiment is not extreme, fundamental high - frequency indicators and interest rates are mutually verified, and both the volatility and trend terms in the timing model have returned to the long side [2]. - The market is mainly concerned about the odds constraint. However, the leading - lagging relationship between the long - end and short - end may have changed, and the term spread is not a reasonable basis for judging market space [2]. - Although interest rates are in a downward channel, the three - year cyclical adjustment pattern still exists. In 2025, there is a seasonal pattern of cyclical rebound in financing, which is the main driving force for the bond market correction. If viewed from the perspective of broad social financing, the bond market correction in the first quarter conforms to the characteristics of cyclical downward pressure release. If there is no increase in new government bond quotas or spontaneous stabilization of corporate leverage, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may start a new round of decline [3]. 3. Summary by Related Content Interest Rate Movement and Driving Factors - Long - term, Chinese interest rates show a "triangular convergence" trend, with the upper limit moving down and the lower limit remaining stable. The current interest rate decline is due to the opening of the lower limit, resulting in a deviation between interest rate trends and many economic indicators while strengthening the relationship with financing growth [2]. Market Oscillation and Macro - background - After a major bull market in the bond market in the previous year, it often enters an oscillatory phase in the next year. In 2025, the interest rate shift from a unilateral bull market to range - bound oscillations is due to the expansion of the financing cycle and the lagging decline of the economic cycle [2]. High - frequency Signal Analysis - Market trading sentiment is at a neutral - low position, with room for further fermentation; fundamental high - frequency indicators and interest rates are mutually verified; both the volatility and trend terms in the timing model have returned to the long side, indicating a relatively high "winning rate" for the bond market [2]. Market Odds Constraint - The market is worried about the odds constraint, mainly due to the extremely flat yield curve. However, the leading - lagging relationship between the long - end and short - end has changed, such as the relative "insensitivity" of capital costs, the long - end amplitude becoming larger than the short - end, and the long - end trading volume rising, so the term spread is not a reasonable basis for judging market space [2]. Cyclical Adjustment of Interest Rates - Despite the downward trend in interest rates, the three - year cyclical adjustment pattern remains. In 2025, there is a seasonal cyclical rebound in financing, which is the main cause of the bond market correction. From the perspective of broad social financing, the bond market correction in the first quarter conforms to cyclical downward pressure release. If there are no special circumstances, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may decline again [3]. Economic Indicator Analysis - Ten interest rate synchronization indicators are provided, including enterprise medium - and long - term loan balance growth rate, building materials composite index, etc., with their latest values, previous values, qualitative judgments, and relationships with interest rates [49]. Social Financing and Interest Rate Relationship - The relationship between social financing and interest rates is analyzed. If not considering new government bond quotas or spontaneous stabilization of corporate leverage, broad social financing may peak in the second quarter, and interest rates may start a new round of decline [3]. Policy - related Financial Tools - A comparison is made between the 2022 policy - based development financial tools and the 2025 new policy - based financial tools in terms of announcement time, policy goals, funding scale, operating entities, main investment fields, and project subjects [126].

Quantitative Models and Factor Analysis Quantitative Models and Construction - **Model Name**: Hang Seng Stock Connect Index (HSISC) **Model Construction Idea**: The index selects all eligible securities from the Hang Seng Index constituents that qualify for Stock Connect, aiming to reflect the overall performance of these stocks traded via Stock Connect[26] **Model Construction Process**: 1. **Sample Space**: Constituents of the Hang Seng Index (base index)[26] 2. **Selection Criteria**: All securities eligible for Stock Connect[26] 3. **Adjustment Mechanism**: - **Regular Adjustments**: Quarterly adjustments to the index sample[26] - **Temporary Adjustments**: Replacement based on changes in the base index and Stock Connect eligibility[26] **Model Evaluation**: The index demonstrates high elasticity, providing significant beta returns during market uptrends[27] Quantitative Factors and Construction - **Factor Name**: Technical Factor **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the exposure of the Hang Seng Stock Connect Index to technical indicators relative to the Hang Seng Index[38] **Factor Construction Process**: 1. Analyze the factor exposure of the Hang Seng Stock Connect Index relative to the Hang Seng Index[38] 2. Quantify the exposure value for the technical factor, which is -0.066[38] **Factor Evaluation**: The index shows notable exposure to technical factors, along with other factors such as profitability, dividends, and volatility[38] Backtesting Results of Models - **Hang Seng Stock Connect Index**: - **Cumulative Return**: 49.92%[29] - **Annualized Return**: 39.22%[29] - **Annualized Volatility**: 24.48%[29] - **Sharpe Ratio**: 1.60[29] - **Maximum Drawdown**: 20.08%[29] Backtesting Results of Factors - **Technical Factor**: Exposure value of -0.066[38] - **Profitability Factor**: Exposure value of -0.029[38] - **Dividend Factor**: Exposure value of 0.026[38] - **Volatility Factor**: Exposure value of 0.022[38] Additional Metrics for the Hang Seng Stock Connect Index - **Valuation Metrics**: - Price-to-Earnings (PE): 10.08x[40] - Price-to-Book (PB): 1.08x[40] - **Profitability**: Return on Equity (ROE): 10.63%[42] - **Liquidity**: Trading volume accounts for 52% of the Hang Seng Composite Index, with a historical low congestion percentile of 9%[45] - **Dividend Yield**: 4.76%, higher than the CSI All Share Index (2.68%) and CSI 300 Index (3.59%)[49]

证券研究报告 2025/6/24 1 行业策略：聚焦供需优化与末端赋能，布局航空及直营快递。2025H1交运各板块表现分化，关税扰动"抢出口" 集运港口阶段性高景气，快递件量高增长但价格竞争仍未结束，上游企业经营承压影响ToB物流，出行链航空铁路 出行量继续增长。2025H2我们推荐交运板块两条投资主线：1、供给侧增长受限，建议关注供需持续优化的航空板 块。2、末端持续赋能，建议关注直营快递板块。 推荐组合：中国国航H+A、南方航空H+A 、春秋航空、吉祥航空、顺丰控股。 航空：供给侧增长受限，建议关注供需持续优化的航空板块。2025年以来行业供需继续优化，预计旺季产能利用 率将继续超2019年。（1）供给端：当前存量订单较少，且波音、空客产能仍未恢复，导致订单积压（波音6500+ 架、空客8600+架），影响未来新订单交付，预计未来飞机引进速度仍为低个位数，叠加PW1100发动机维修问题， 有效运力进一步下降。（2）需求端：我国经济保持着平稳发展态势，叠加各项入境签证政策优化将推动国际线旅 客大幅增长，预计民航旅客量将保持高个位数增长。供需拐点有望于年内实现，预计2025年供给同比增长3%，累 计较2019 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company, suggesting a potential upside of over 15% in the next 6-12 months [5]. Core Insights - The company is experiencing a significant transformation towards dividend insurance, with a strong intent and notable results. The proportion of dividend insurance in individual and bank insurance channels reached 98.9% and 88.6% respectively in the first two months, indicating a first-mover advantage in this trend [4]. - The company is expected to achieve double-digit profit growth despite a high base, with a projected net profit of HKD 30 billion in Q1 2025, reflecting an 87% year-on-year increase due to reduced income tax [4]. - The company's low valuation metrics include a PEV of 0.29X and a PB of 0.78X, indicating potential investment opportunities [5]. Financial Performance Summary - Insurance service revenue is projected to grow from HKD 107,489 million in 2023 to HKD 122,456 million by 2027, with a growth rate stabilizing around 3% [10]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders is expected to increase from HKD 6,190 million in 2023 to HKD 13,596 million by 2027, with a growth rate peaking at 44.05% in 2023 and gradually declining to 10.16% by 2027 [10]. - The company's return on equity (ROE) is forecasted to rise from 6.92% in 2023 to 14.71% in 2027, indicating improving profitability [10].

Group 1 - The report highlights the selection framework for sectors based on prosperity and structural changes, identifying high-growth potential in the gold and jewelry sector due to stable gold prices and shifting consumer demographics towards younger, fashion-oriented brands [4][24][28] - The beauty and personal care sector is noted for its strong performance driven by new trends and product innovations, despite a slowdown in content e-commerce channel growth [4][38] - The textile and apparel sector is experiencing growth through channel transformations and product iterations, with specific companies recommended based on their product-driven or channel-driven strategies [4][47][51] Group 2 - The jewelry sector has shown a significant increase, with a 36.41% rise in the index since the beginning of 2025, driven by the emergence of new brands targeting younger consumers [16][24] - The beauty care sector has also performed well, with an 11.26% increase in the index, outperforming the broader market, particularly through the success of domestic beauty brands [16][37] - The textile and apparel sector has seen a modest increase of 5.22%, with brand apparel outperforming upstream manufacturing, indicating a shift in consumer preferences [9][47] Group 3 - The report emphasizes the importance of understanding the valuation methodology for new consumer brands, suggesting that traditional metrics like PEG may not apply due to the rapid changes in these companies [5][62] - New consumer companies are expected to experience rapid valuation increases in three stages: breaking into new markets, continuous innovation, and establishing a stable high valuation [5][62] - The report identifies specific companies within the gold jewelry sector, such as潮宏基, that are successfully targeting younger demographics and adapting to market trends [70][71] Group 4 - The report indicates that the gold jewelry market is experiencing a U-shaped recovery in demand, with a projected 14.13% year-on-year increase in retail sales for the second half of 2025 [26][28] - The changing demographics in gold consumption are highlighted, with younger consumers increasingly contributing to sales, shifting the focus from traditional investment to emotional value [31][32] - The beauty care sector is seeing growth driven by new ingredients and trends, particularly in the medical beauty segment, which is outpacing traditional categories [38][43] Group 5 - The report notes that the textile and apparel sector is in a weak recovery phase, with retail sales growth lagging behind overall consumption trends, but with potential for improvement [47][51] - The report discusses the impact of new retail formats and product innovations in the apparel sector, indicating a need for brands to adapt to changing consumer demands [51][53] - The report emphasizes the importance of channel differentiation for companies in the beauty and personal care sector, with successful brands leveraging online and offline strategies to capture market share [80][81]

Core Insights - The report suggests focusing on agricultural investment opportunities driven by price increases in key products such as beef and grains, policy reforms in the supply side, and recovery in downstream demand [5] - The beef industry is expected to see a price upturn after a period of losses, with a projected industry capacity reduction exceeding 10% [5][12] - The pig farming sector is anticipated to experience a slight decline in supply in 2025, with a focus on high-quality leading enterprises due to supply-side policies [5][45] - Poultry farming is facing supply disruptions, but demand recovery is expected to improve the market [5][87] Livestock Industry - Global beef prices have started to rise again after two years of decline, with May prices reaching $6.62 per kg, a 13% year-on-year increase [12] - China's beef consumption is projected to grow, with a total consumption of 11.52 million tons in 2024, up 3.84% year-on-year [22] - The domestic beef supply is expected to decline significantly due to a drop in cattle inventory, with a forecasted reduction of over 10% [22][24] Dairy Industry - China's raw milk prices have been declining since mid-2021, with the average price at 3.04 yuan per kg as of June 13, 2024, down 7.88% year-on-year [33] - The dairy industry is experiencing a significant capacity reduction, with over 90% of the industry facing losses [33] - A potential recovery in milk prices is anticipated in the second half of 2025 as supply-side capacity continues to decrease [38] Pig Farming - The pig supply is expected to increase slightly in 2025, with a projected output of 703 million pigs in 2024, down 3.3% year-on-year [45] - The average price of pigs is forecasted to be around 14.5 yuan per kg for the year, reflecting a decrease in supply pressure [45][54] - The industry is experiencing a recovery in profitability, with average profits for self-breeding and self-raising operations improving significantly [54][67] Poultry Farming - The yellow-feathered chicken market is stabilizing, with a projected output of 3.34 billion birds in 2024, down 7.18% year-on-year [92] - The white-feathered chicken supply remains ample, with prices stable as the market awaits demand recovery [98] - Long-term demand for white-feathered chicken is expected to rise, supported by improved efficiency and domestic breed replacement [102] Feed and Grain - The total feed volume is expected to increase due to rising pig inventories and improved profitability in livestock farming [107] - Grain prices are projected to recover from recent lows, influenced by external factors such as weather and international relations [117] - The report emphasizes the importance of grain security and the potential impact of trade relations on domestic agricultural costs [117]

Core Viewpoints - The wind power sector is viewed positively for short, medium, and long-term opportunities [3][4] - Short-term logic includes strong half-year reports and optimistic performance outlook for the second half of the year, driven by robust project initiation and revenue growth [4] - Medium-term logic highlights a reversal of three previously negative factors affecting investment sentiment in the wind power sector [4] - Long-term logic emphasizes the competitive advantages of wind power in the context of market-oriented trading and stable industry dynamics [4] Short-term Logic - The wind power sector is expected to benefit from strong performance in the first half of the year, with optimistic growth projections for Q2 [4] - The sector is experiencing a positive demonstration effect from strong stock performance of companies showing earnings improvement [4] Medium-term Logic - The three previously negative factors affecting the wind power sector have shown significant reversal: 1. Wind turbine price wars have shifted from deflation to inflation, with prices recovering since Q4 2024 [4] 2. The certainty of domestic offshore wind project advancement has significantly increased, with project approvals accelerating in 2025 [4] 3. European offshore wind demand has rebounded, with project returns improving due to supportive policies and decreasing interest rates [4] Long-term Logic - Wind power's output characteristics provide significant price advantages in a fully market-oriented trading environment [4] - The competitive landscape is expected to remain stable due to high barriers to entry and a customer base dominated by state-owned enterprises and large international energy groups [4] - There is substantial potential for export substitution across the industry chain, providing additional growth opportunities in overseas markets [4] Demand Outlook - Domestic wind power installations are projected to reach 110 GW in 2025, with significant contributions from both onshore and offshore projects [9][12] - The global wind power installation is expected to maintain a high level in 2026, supported by strong demand both domestically and internationally [5][6] Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on three main lines of investment: complete machines, offshore wind, and components [5][45] - Key companies to watch include Goldwind Technology, Envision Energy, Mingyang Smart Energy, and SANY Heavy Energy for complete machines [5] - For offshore wind, companies like Daikin Heavy Industries and Dongfang Cable are highlighted due to their expected performance in the growing market [5] - In the components sector, companies such as Risen Energy and Jinlei Technology are expected to benefit from seasonal production increases and price adjustments [5][70] Competitive Landscape - The wind power industry is characterized by a stable competitive structure, with limited new entrants due to high barriers and established market players [73] - The market share of leading companies has remained relatively stable, indicating a strong competitive position among top players [73][74]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The e-commerce sales during the "618" shopping festival saw a significant increase, with total online retail sales reaching nearly 2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year growth of approximately 9.8% [4][5] - The "old-for-new" subsidy program is expected to see a decline in funding in certain regions, with central government funds being allocated in the third and fourth quarters [6] - South Korea's exports rebounded significantly in the first 20 days of June, with a year-on-year growth of 8.3%, driven mainly by semiconductor exports [9] - The real estate market shows weak performance in both new and second-hand housing transactions, with second-hand housing sales becoming the dominant force [11] - Rising tensions in the Middle East have led to a continuous increase in crude oil prices, reaching $78.9 per barrel, a 24.5% increase since the end of May [14] Summary by Sections E-commerce Growth - The "618" shopping festival in 2025 began on May 13, one week earlier than in 2024, leading to a notable increase in sales driven by government subsidies [4] - Total e-commerce sales during the event reached 855.6 billion yuan, a 15.2% increase year-on-year, with significant growth in categories like home appliances and 3C digital products [5] Old-for-New Subsidy Program - The central government plans to allocate approximately 138 billion yuan for the "old-for-new" program in the second half of the year, with an average monthly usage of around 23 billion yuan [6] South Korea's Export Performance - South Korea's exports in June showed a strong recovery, particularly in semiconductors, which accounted for 22.9% of total exports [9] - Exports to the EU increased by 23.5%, while exports to China saw a slight decline of 1.0% [10] Real Estate Market Trends - The transaction volume for new and second-hand homes remains weak, with second-hand homes accounting for 58.2% of sales in major cities [11] - The average weekly transaction area for new homes in major cities was 300,000 square meters, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 1.5% [11] Crude Oil Price Trends - Crude oil prices have risen significantly due to geopolitical tensions, with a direct impact on domestic inflation indicators [14]

Investment Themes - The report identifies three main investment themes: new consumption in home appliances, new manufacturing in home appliances, and leading companies in the black and white appliance sectors [3][61][72]. New Consumption in Home Appliances - The report highlights two investment opportunities: new product forms, particularly in handheld smart imaging, and new industry phases, focusing on the rapidly expanding market for robotic vacuum cleaners [5][33]. - The market for panoramic cameras is expected to grow significantly, driven by their functional and emotional value, with a projected market size reaching 250 billion yuan by 2024 [34][36]. New Manufacturing in Home Appliances - Companies with solid fundamentals and a focus on robotics are viewed positively, indicating a shift towards automation and advanced manufacturing processes [61]. - The report emphasizes the potential for companies like Yili to benefit from the aging population through the development of care robots, with expected revenue growth of over 30% in the coming years [66]. Performance of Leading Companies - The report notes that leading companies in the black and white appliance sectors are expected to maintain stable growth, with high dividend yields and strong performance metrics [72][79]. - The performance of major brands such as Midea, Gree, and Haier is highlighted, with their price-to-earnings ratios (PE) currently at 13.2x, 7.5x, and 12.1x respectively, indicating relatively low valuations [79][106]. Market Trends and Dynamics - The home appliance sector has faced challenges in 2025, with the industry index showing a decline of 2.7% year-to-date as of June 18, 2025, influenced by tariff disruptions and high base expectations for the second half of the year [12][13]. - The report indicates a divergence in performance among sub-sectors, with home appliance components showing a positive growth of 11.7%, while other categories like white goods and kitchen appliances experienced declines [12]. Export Performance - Despite tariff impacts, the home appliance export market remains resilient, with a cumulative export growth of 6.1% year-on-year from January to May 2025 [24][29]. - The report notes that exports to North America have been significantly affected by tariffs, while markets in Europe and emerging economies continue to show strong growth [29][31]. Pricing and Competition - The report discusses the competitive landscape, noting that leading brands are adjusting their pricing strategies to maintain market share amidst a backdrop of fluctuating demand and competitive pressures [99][101]. - The pricing dynamics in the air conditioning market are highlighted, with a noted decrease in average prices by 15% year-on-year, impacting brand performance differently [88][91].