Hoshine Silicon(603260)
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新疆产业链白皮书:光伏篇:战略引领,产业腾飞
Shenwan Hongyuan Securities· 2025-06-16 08:43
Investment Rating - The report maintains a positive outlook on the photovoltaic industry in Xinjiang, suggesting a "Buy" rating for investments in the sector. Core Insights - Xinjiang possesses unique advantages in solar energy resources, land availability, and supportive policies, facilitating the rapid development of a complete photovoltaic industry chain [2][3][4]. - The current phase of upstream overcapacity suggests a strategic focus on midstream high-efficiency manufacturing segments, which are expected to recover in valuation as construction accelerates [3][4]. - The "East Data West Computing" initiative and the expansion of green data centers in the region are expected to enhance local energy consumption and alleviate transmission bottlenecks, improving the economic viability of photovoltaic projects [3][4]. - The dual security value of energy and industry highlights Xinjiang's strategic importance in national clean energy initiatives, enhancing the resilience of China's renewable supply chain [3][4]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The global energy transition is accelerating, with a shift from fossil fuels to clean energy becoming irreversible. Photovoltaic power is a key player in this transition due to its zero carbon emissions and renewable nature [5][6]. Resource Endowment and Advantages of Xinjiang's Photovoltaic Industry - Xinjiang has abundant solar resources, with annual sunshine hours significantly exceeding the national average, making it a prime location for large-scale photovoltaic projects [7][9]. - The region's vast, flat, and largely unutilized land provides ideal conditions for the installation of photovoltaic systems, reducing development costs [13][14]. - Strong government policies at both national and local levels support the growth of the photovoltaic industry, ensuring resource optimization and sustainable development [16][17]. Current Development Status of Xinjiang's Photovoltaic Industry - Xinjiang is a major base for industrial silicon and polysilicon production, with significant contributions to national output [20][24]. - The midstream sector has seen advancements in the manufacturing of key components, such as monocrystalline silicon rods and photovoltaic modules, although capacity still lags behind demand [30][34]. - Large-scale photovoltaic projects have been established, with total installed capacity exceeding 56.66 million kilowatts, marking Xinjiang as a leader in clean energy production [38][40]. Key Companies and Projects - Xinjiang Daqo New Energy Co., Ltd. is a leading player in the polysilicon market, with a production capacity of 305,000 tons, positioning it among the top tier in the industry [46][49]. - New Special Energy Co., Ltd. focuses on polysilicon production and has expanded its capacity to 300,000 tons per year, while also exploring various operational models for renewable energy projects [57][59]. - Hoshine Silicon Industry Co., Ltd. is developing an integrated industrial park to enhance efficiency across the photovoltaic supply chain, contributing to the region's competitive edge [66].
“科创债”鼓励政策拓宽融资渠道,合盛硅业40亿元公司债申请获受理
Hua Xia Shi Bao· 2025-06-14 07:02
Group 1 - The core point of the article is that Hoshine Silicon Industry has received approval from the Shanghai Stock Exchange for its public bond issuance aimed at professional investors, which is expected to effectively supplement working capital and support the development of various business segments [2][3] - The total amount of the bond issuance is not expected to exceed 4 billion yuan, with a maximum term of 5 years, and the specific structure and scale will be determined based on the company's funding needs and market conditions [3] - As of December 31, 2024, Hoshine's consolidated asset-liability ratio is 63.83%, with a total debt of 57.944 billion yuan, indicating significant debt pressure [3][4] Group 2 - The company anticipates that the bond issuance will improve its debt structure, with a projected increase in the current ratio from 0.36 to 0.46, thereby reducing short-term debt pressure and financial risk [3][4] - Hoshine Silicon Industry is one of the largest companies in China's silicon-based new materials industry, focusing on the research, production, and sales of industrial silicon, organic silicon, and polysilicon [5][6] - The company has established extensive business relationships with leading enterprises in downstream industries, with production capacities of 1.22 million tons/year for industrial silicon, 1.73 million tons/year for organic silicon monomers, and 50,000 tons/year for polysilicon [6] Group 3 - The company believes that the future growth of the organic silicon industry will be driven by emerging fields, particularly due to the demand from new energy markets and the expansion of new application scenarios [6] - The bond issuance is also aimed at optimizing the company's asset-liability structure while supporting its ongoing investments in talent acquisition and market development [4][5] - The company has a strong credit rating of AA+ with a stable outlook, indicating a strong ability to repay debts and low default risk [4]
合盛硅业多措并举稳定经营,硅基材料行业周期波动下保持战略优势
Zheng Quan Shi Bao Wang· 2025-06-13 03:09
Core Viewpoint - The report by Shenwan Hongyuan highlights the significant cost advantages of the industrial silicon industry in Xinjiang, driven by abundant coal resources and low electricity costs, suggesting a focus on leading companies like Hoshine Silicon Industry [1][2] Group 1: Industrial Silicon - Xinjiang's coal-electric-silicon integrated industry layout enhances the cost advantages for industrial silicon production, with companies like Hoshine Silicon Industry leading the market [2] - Hoshine Silicon Industry is one of the largest and most complete companies in the silicon-based new materials sector, producing industrial silicon, organic silicon, and polysilicon, thus creating synergistic effects [2] - The company has a designed production capacity of 1.22 million tons per year for industrial silicon, with a projected production volume of 1.8714 million tons in 2024, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 38.11% [2] Group 2: Cost Advantages - The company maintains a cost advantage in industrial silicon production due to its self-sufficient power plants and integrated energy layout, which helps reduce production costs [3][5] - The average daily output of some electric arc furnaces has exceeded 70 tons, with the electricity consumption per ton of industrial silicon smelting dropping below 10,000 kWh [5] Group 3: Organic Silicon - The company has an annual production capacity of 1.73 million tons for organic silicon, leading the market with significant growth in its three main products: silicone rubber, silicone oil, and siloxane, with respective year-on-year growth rates of 16.31%, 56.66%, and 5.35% in 2024 [6] - Despite a slight decline in organic silicon product prices, the company benefits from its cost advantages in self-produced industrial silicon, ensuring that the net realizable value of its main organic silicon products remains above production costs [8] Group 4: Carbon Silicon - The company has successfully developed 12-inch conductive silicon carbide (SiC) crystals and is advancing processing technologies, positioning itself to capitalize on the growing demand in the power semiconductor industry [9] - The company plans to issue bonds to support its operations and maintain a strong financial structure, ensuring sufficient liquidity for future growth in industrial silicon, organic silicon, and silicon carbide businesses [10]
响应“科创债”鼓励政策,合盛硅业拟发行不超过40亿元公司债扩大融资渠道
Zheng Quan Shi Bao Wang· 2025-06-12 12:35
Core Viewpoint - The company, Hesheng Silicon Industry Co., Ltd., has received approval from the Shanghai Stock Exchange to issue corporate bonds worth up to RMB 4 billion, aimed at optimizing its financing structure and supporting business growth [2][3][5]. Group 1: Bond Issuance Details - The company plans to issue corporate bonds with a maximum amount of RMB 40 billion, with a maturity of no more than 5 years [3]. - The bond issuance is part of a broader initiative to support the healthy development of private enterprises in China, with over RMB 220 billion raised by more than 100 private companies in 2024 [3]. - The bonds will be used to supplement working capital and support the development of various business segments [5][9]. Group 2: Financial Health and Projections - The company reported a net cash flow from operating activities of RMB 4.517 billion in 2024, the highest level in its history, with a net cash flow ratio of 2.60 [4]. - The company’s total bank credit amounted to RMB 35.931 billion, with RMB 3.497 billion remaining unused as of the end of 2024 [4]. - The company expects its revenue to continue growing over the next 3-5 years, necessitating increased working capital to maintain its market leadership [6]. Group 3: Credit Rating and Financial Strategy - The company has received an AA+ credit rating from China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co., indicating strong debt repayment capability and low default risk [7]. - The company’s debt-to-asset ratio was reported at 62.56% as of March 2025, showing a decrease of 1.27 percentage points from the end of 2024, indicating reduced financial risk [8]. - The company plans to optimize its funding structure through various financing channels, including leasing and short-term financing, to support stable operations [8].
合盛硅业: 合盛硅业关于上海证券交易所《关于合盛硅业股份有限公司2024年年度报告的信息披露监管问询函》的回复公告
Zheng Quan Zhi Xing· 2025-06-12 11:19
Core Viewpoint - The company received an inquiry letter from the Shanghai Stock Exchange regarding its 2024 annual report, prompting a detailed response about its construction projects and financial disclosures [1][2]. Summary by Sections Construction Projects - The company reported a significant balance of construction in progress at CNY 35.113 billion, accounting for nearly 39% of total assets, with a solidification amount of CNY 13.772 billion during the period [1][2]. - The Yunnan Hydro-Silicon Circular Economy Project has a budget of CNY 3.976 billion, while the Coal-Electricity Silicon Integration Phase II Project has a book balance of CNY 134 million, with slow progress over the past three years [1][2][3]. - The company is required to provide detailed information on the impact of solidified construction on production capacity, including the main content and purpose of the projects, and the status of major suppliers [2][3]. Financial Disclosures - The company clarified the sources of funding for the Yunnan Hydro-Silicon Circular Economy Project, which included self-funding and bank loans totaling CNY 508 million, with a specific interest rate structure [13][14]. - The capitalized interest for 2024 increased compared to 2023 due to a larger average loan principal, which is justified by the timing of the loan disbursements [13][14][22]. - The company confirmed that the funding and construction progress of the Yunnan Hydro-Silicon project are aligned, with a total investment of CNY 369.503 million in 2023 and CNY 59.461 million in 2024 [15][22]. Production Capacity Impact - The solidified construction projects are expected to add significant production capacity, including 50,000 tons of polysilicon, 5 GW of photovoltaic components, and 375,000 tons of photovoltaic glass [22]. - The company reported that the construction projects do not impact the production capacity of industrial silicon and organic silicon monomers [22]. Supplier Information - The top ten suppliers for the Yunnan Hydro-Silicon project accounted for CNY 733.176 million, representing 88.91% of the total project investment, with no related party transactions [8][22]. - For the Coal-Electricity Silicon Integration Phase II project, the top ten suppliers accounted for CNY 1.875 billion, or 51.73% of the total investment, also with no related party transactions [8][22]. Project Progress and Challenges - The Coal-Electricity Silicon Integration Phase II project has been constructed in two phases, with the first phase completed and operational since 2022, while the second phase faced delays due to technical challenges and public health events [17][19][23]. - The company indicated that future progress on the Yunnan Hydro-Silicon project is not expected to face substantial obstacles despite market pressures affecting construction timelines [15][22].
合盛硅业(603260) - 合盛硅业关于2025年面向专业投资者公开发行公司债券申请获上海证券交易所受理的公告
2025-06-12 10:45
证券代码:603260 证券简称:合盛硅业 公告编号:2025-038 合盛硅业股份有限公司 关于 2025 年面向专业投资者公开发行公司债券申请 获上海证券交易所受理的公告 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏,并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担法律责任。 公司本次向专业投资者公开发行公司债券事项尚需通过上交所审核,并获得 中国证券监督管理委员会(以下简称"中国证监会")做出同意注册的决定后方 可实施,能否通过上交所审核,并获得中国证监会同意注册的决定及其时间尚存 在不确定性。公司将根据该事项的进展情况及时履行信息披露义务,敬请广大投 资者注意投资风险。 特此公告。 合盛硅业股份有限公司董事会 2025 年 6 月 13 日 合盛硅业股份有限公司(以下简称"公司")近期向上海证券交易所(以下 简称"上交所")报送了《合盛硅业股份有限公司 2025 年面向专业投资者公开 发行公司债券》上市申请材料。2025 年 6 月 11 日,上交所对公司报送的向专业 投资者公开发行公司债券募集说明书及相关申请文件进行了核对,认为该项申请 文件齐备,符合法定形式,决定予以受理 ...
合盛硅业(603260) - 天健会计师事务所(特殊普通合伙)《关于合盛硅业股份有限公司2024年年度报告的信息披露监管问询函》回复的专项说明
2025-06-12 10:45
问询函专项说明 天健函〔2025〕544 号 上海证券交易所: 由合盛硅业股份有限公司(以下简称合盛硅业公司或公司)转来的《关于合 盛硅业股份有限公司 2024 年年度报告的信息披露监管问询函》(上证公函〔2025〕 0617 号,以下简称问询函)奉悉。我们已对问询函中需要我们说明的财务事项 进行了审慎核查,现汇报说明如下。 一、关于在建工程 年报显示,公司在建工程期末余额为 351.13 亿元,占总资产的比重近 39%, 规模较大,当期在建工程转固金额为 137.72 亿元。但以下在建工程进展较为缓 慢,且未计提减值。 (1)云南合盛水电硅循环经济项目-80 万吨/年工业硅生产及配套 60 万吨 型煤加工生产(以下简称水电硅循环项目)预算金额为 39.76 亿元,2023 年、 2024 年投入金额分别为 3.7 亿元、0.59 亿元,利息资本化金额分别为 522 万元、 1646 万元,工程建设进度分别为 40%、45%。 (2) 硅业新材料煤电硅一体化项目二期年产 20 万吨硅氧烷及下游深加工 项目(以下简称煤电硅一体化二期项目)账面余额为 1.34 亿元,2022 年至 2024 年该项目的工程进度分 ...
合盛硅业(603260) - 合盛硅业关于上海证券交易所《关于合盛硅业股份有限公司2024年年度报告的信息披露监管问询函》的回复公告
2025-06-12 10:45
证券代码:603260 证券简称:合盛硅业 公告编号:2025-037 合盛硅业股份有限公司 关于上海证券交易所《关于合盛硅业股份有限公司 2024 年 年度报告的信息披露监管问询函》的回复公告 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏,并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担法律责任。 合盛硅业股份有限公司(以下简称"公司"或"合盛硅业")于近日收到上海证 券交易所下发的《关于合盛硅业股份有限公司 2024 年年度报告的信息披露监管 问询函》(上证公函【2025】0617 号)(以下简称"监管问询函"),公司积极 组织相关工作人员就监管问询函关注的相关问题逐项进行认真核查落实。现就有 关问题回复如下: 一、关于在建工程 年报显示,公司在建工程期末余额为 351.13 亿元,占总资产的比重近 39%, 规模较大,当期在建工程转固金额为 137.72 亿元。但以下在建工程进展较为缓 慢,且未计提减值。 (1)云南合盛水电硅循环经济项目-80 万吨/年工业硅生产及配套 60 万吨 型煤加工生产(以下简称水电硅循环项目)预算金额为 39.76 亿元,2023 年、 2024 年 ...
综合晨报:洛杉矶骚乱事件持续发酵-20250611
Dong Zheng Qi Huo· 2025-06-11 00:42
Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. Core Views of the Report The report analyzes various financial and commodity markets, including macro - strategies, and commodity sectors. It takes into account factors such as geopolitical events, economic data, and supply - demand dynamics. The overall sentiment varies across different markets, with some expected to be bullish, some bearish, and others in a state of oscillation. For example, the bond market is expected to go bullish, while the iron ore market is expected to remain weak [3][6]. Summary by Directory 1. Financial News and Reviews 1.1 Macro Strategy (Gold) - The US May NFIB small business confidence index was 98.8, higher than expected. Gold prices oscillated and closed down. If the tariff issue eases, gold may continue to fall; if it worsens, the upside is limited. Short - term gold is expected to be weak with a risk of correction [14][15]. 1.2 Macro Strategy (Treasury Futures) - The central bank conducted 198.6 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net withdrawal of 255.9 billion yuan. The market believes the probability of a successful Sino - US trade negotiation is low. The bond market is expected to go bullish in July. There are two possible paths for the bullish trend, and the first path is more likely. It is recommended to take a bullish approach [16][17][18]. 1.3 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - The leaders of China and South Korea had a phone call, emphasizing strengthening cooperation. The A - share market tumbled on June 10th, and the market's expectation for the Sino - US talks has deteriorated. Due to high valuation levels, the market will be more volatile. It is recommended to have a balanced allocation [20][22][23]. 1.4 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - US Dollar Index) - Japan and the US are arranging a meeting between their leaders. Trump defined the Los Angeles riots as a "foreign invasion", which may intensify the situation in the short - term. The World Bank lowered the global economic growth forecast for 2025. The US dollar index is expected to oscillate in the short - term [24][26][27]. 1.5 Macro Strategy (US Stock Index Futures) - The US and Mexico are close to an agreement on steel tariffs. The Sino - US trade negotiation is reported to be going well. TSMC's May revenue increased year - on - year. The market is optimistic about the negotiation results, but there is still a risk of disappointment. It is not recommended to chase the high [29][30][32]. 2. Commodity News and Reviews 2.1 Agricultural Products (Soybean Meal) - Abiove maintained Brazil's soybean production and export forecasts but lowered the price forecast. The market is optimistic about the Sino - US talks. Domestic demand is weak. It is recommended to focus on the Sino - US talks and the USDA monthly report, and expect the futures price to oscillate [33][34][35]. 2.2 Black Metals (Steam Coal) - The steam coal market in the northern ports was stable on June 10th. The coal price is temporarily stable due to downstream replenishment and upstream supply control, but it may decline again in summer. The growth rate of thermal power consumption has not increased significantly in June, and the risk of new energy substitution should be watched [36]. 2.3 Black Metals (Iron Ore) - Zhengzhou will suspend the subsidy application for consumer goods trade - in of home appliances. The iron ore price is expected to remain weak due to weak sentiment in the industrial products market and seasonal pressure, but the decline may be gentle [37][39][41]. 2.4 Agricultural Products (Sugar) - Indian officials called for an increase in the minimum sugar price. India is expected to have sugar production surpluses for at least two consecutive years. Brazil's sugar exports in the first week of June decreased year - on - year. The international sugar market supply is increasing, and the domestic market may be affected by imports. It is expected that the Zhengzhou sugar futures will oscillate weakly [42][43][44]. 2.5 Black Metals (Rebar/Hot - Rolled Coil) - Heavy rain in East China may suppress the demand for building materials. The Sino - US trade negotiation is unclear, and the steel price is oscillating. The demand is expected to weaken, and it is recommended to hedge on rallies in the spot market [45][46][47]. 2.6 Agricultural Products (Hogs) - Aonong Biological's hog sales in May increased year - on - year, while New Hope's executives plan to reduce their shareholdings. The hog market is in a long - term oversupply situation, and the short - term futures price may be weak. It is recommended to wait and watch and look for short - selling opportunities on significant rallies [48][49][50]. 2.7 Black Metals (Coking Coal/Coke) - The coking coal market in East China is weak. Although the futures price rebounded, the spot price is still weak. The supply is shrinking, but the fundamentals have not changed significantly. It is recommended to treat the current situation as a rebound and wait and watch [51]. 2.8 Non - Ferrous Metals (Polysilicon) - Longi Green Energy's 3GW BC photovoltaic module project was announced. There are some market rumors about polysilicon production, but the actual situation is different. The supply in June is expected to increase, and the market is currently in a stalemate. It is recommended to take a short - term short and long - term long approach [52][53][54]. 2.9 Non - Ferrous Metals (Industrial Silicon) - Hesheng Silicon Industry refuted the rumor of equity transfer. Some silicon plants in Sichuan are resuming production, while those in Yunnan are still waiting. The demand is weak, and the price is close to the cash cost line. It is recommended to short on rallies and pay attention to supply changes [55][56]. 2.10 Non - Ferrous Metals (Copper) - Zambia invites automobile manufacturers to set up factories in copper - mining areas. Rio Tinto reaffirmed its copper production guidance for 2025. The LME copper inventory is changing. The short - term macro - factors have a neutral impact on copper prices, and the fundamentals have limited contradictions. It is recommended to wait and watch [57][59][60]. 2.11 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lead) - The LME lead was at a discount on June 9th. The supply of lead has decreased marginally, while the demand is at a low level. The price is expected to oscillate widely in June, and it is recommended to wait and watch in the short - term and look for long - term low - buying opportunities [62][63]. 2.12 Non - Ferrous Metals (Zinc) - The LME zinc was at a discount on June 9th. The zinc market is expected to show a pattern of strong supply and weak demand in June. It is recommended to short on rallies and pay attention to the accumulation of put options. The mid - term strategy is to do an internal - external positive arbitrage [64][65]. 2.13 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - CATL announced the mass production of 587Ah cells. Chile's exports of lithium carbonate to China in May were lower than expected. The market may be in a tight balance or slight de - stocking in June. It is recommended to short on rallies [66][67]. 2.14 Energy Chemicals (Crude Oil) - The EIA lowered the forecast for US crude oil production in 2026. The US API crude oil inventory decreased slightly. The oil price is expected to oscillate weakly in the short - term [68][69][70]. 2.15 Energy Chemicals (Carbon Emissions) - The CEA price closed at 67.67 yuan/ton on June 10th, slightly down. The CEA price is in a narrow - range oscillation, and the market is expected to be oversupplied in 2025. It is recommended to expect a weak oscillation [71][72]. 2.16 Energy Chemicals (PTA) - The PTA spot basis is strong, and the market negotiation is okay. The demand is in a seasonal off - season, while the supply is increasing. The short - term price is expected to oscillate, and it is recommended to go long on dips in the medium - term [73][74]. 2.17 Energy Chemicals (Styrene) - Sinopec raised the pure benzene listing price. The styrene price rebounded, mainly driven by cost and capital. The pure benzene supply may decrease marginally in July. It is recommended to consider the potential of pure benzene as a chemical allocation [75][76][77]. 2.18 Energy Chemicals (Caustic Soda) - The caustic soda market in Shandong was stable on June 10th. The supply increased, and the demand was stable. The price is expected to be weak. The 09 contract of caustic soda may be limited in its downward space due to the large discount [78][79]. 2.19 Energy Chemicals (Pulp) - The price of imported wood pulp in the spot market increased slightly. The fundamentals of pulp have limited changes, and the market is expected to oscillate [80][81]. 2.20 Energy Chemicals (Bottle Chips) - The bottle chip factory's export and domestic prices are mostly stable. The industry has high supply pressure, but the processing fee is close to the historical low. Some large factories plan to reduce production. It is recommended to go long on the bottle chip processing fee on dips [84]. 2.21 Energy Chemicals (PVC) - The PVC powder market in China was slightly stronger. The futures price oscillated, and the downstream demand was weak. The market is expected to oscillate weakly [85]. 2.22 Energy Chemicals (Soda Ash) - Inner Mongolia Boyuan Yingen Chemical's soda ash production is normal. The soda ash market is weak and stable, with high supply and low demand. It is recommended to short on rallies in the medium - term [86][87][88]. 2.23 Energy Chemicals (Float Glass) - The price of float glass in Hubei was stable on June 10th. The futures price decreased slightly, and the spot market was weak. With the coming of summer and the rainy season, the demand will decline seasonally, and the price may continue to fall. The short - term futures price may be affected by market sentiment [89].
合盛硅业董事长罗立国:有机硅需求有望保持较高增速
Zhong Guo Hua Gong Bao· 2025-06-10 02:51
中化新网讯 "2025年,晶硅光伏产业链启动行业自律措施,主动调整产能,铝合金和有机硅领域需求持 续增长,预计工业硅需求端增速将有所放缓。另外,根据行业周期规律,本轮有机硅行业扩产周期已近 尾声,市场已逐步消化新增产能,行业阶段性供需错配正趋向平衡,且受益于新能源、5G、特高压等 新兴产业高速发展,预计2025年有机硅行业需求有望保持较高增速。"5月6日,合盛硅业(603260)董 事长罗立国在2024年度暨2025年一季度业绩说明会上如是表示。 罗立国认为,2025年有机硅行业展现出广阔发展前景,新兴领域或成为核心增长驱动力,增长动能来自 逐步取代传统石油基材料及新兴应用场景拓展。具体来看,室温胶和高温胶受新能源市场需求驱动;液 体胶和硅树脂虽下游分散,但因新应用场景拓展而需求增长迅速。 在回答投资者有关工业硅2025年一季度期末库存和停产计划相关问题时,公司董事兼财务总监张雅聪表 示,公司工业硅2025年度一季度期末维持在一个月左右的库存水平。谈及公司2025年工业硅单位生产全 成本和现金成本,张雅聪对投资者表示,公司主要产品工业硅的生产成本受电价及原材料硅石、还原剂 等多方面影响,各地区存在一定的差异。 ...