Investment Rating - The credit risk outlook for the power and electrical equipment manufacturing industry in 2026 is overall controllable, with structural differentiation continuing, highlighting the stability of leading enterprises while remaining cautious about the operational and debt pressures faced by small and medium-sized enterprises [8][50]. Core Insights - The power and electrical equipment manufacturing industry is a crucial part of the national economy, closely linked to macroeconomic growth and electricity investment demand. Since 2024, electricity consumption has steadily increased, and the industry is accelerating the construction of a new energy system and power grid [8][9]. - In 2025, industry policies focus on growth stabilization, market reform, industrial integration, and rural electricity support, with attention needed on the execution of growth targets and the participation of private capital [8][11]. - The industry is characterized by a pyramid structure, with a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises facing intense competition. The ability to negotiate with upstream and downstream partners is weak, and there is significant capital occupation from accounts receivable and inventory [8][21]. - Profitability in the industry is under pressure from upstream and downstream factors, but there was a slight recovery in operating profit in the first half of 2025, with overall profitability remaining stable compared to the previous year [8][27]. - The industry maintains a good credit status, with no new defaults reported in 2025, although there is a need to monitor potential concentrated repayment pressures in the future [8][39]. Industry Fundamentals - The power and electrical equipment manufacturing industry is significantly influenced by national economic growth and electricity investment demand. In 2024, the total electricity consumption in China reached 9.85 trillion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 6.8% [10]. - The investment in power generation and grid construction has seen substantial growth, with a focus on renewable energy installations becoming the mainstay [19][18]. Industry Policies and Regulatory Environment - Numerous policies have been introduced to support the power and electrical equipment industry, emphasizing growth targets, market reforms, and rural electrification [11][13]. - Key policies include the "Power Equipment Industry Growth Stabilization Work Plan (2025-2026)" which sets revenue growth targets for traditional power equipment at around 6% annually [13][15]. Industry Operating Conditions - In the first three quarters of 2025, investment growth in power generation and grid construction continued, with a notable increase in the construction of new energy systems [17]. - The total installed power generation capacity reached 3.72 billion kW by the end of September 2025, a year-on-year increase of 17.5% [18]. Industry Competitive Landscape - The industry exhibits a pyramid-shaped competitive structure, with a high degree of marketization and significant pressure on capital occupation. The number of enterprises in the power and electrical equipment manufacturing sector exceeds ten thousand, with small and medium-sized enterprises making up a large proportion [21][22]. - The competition is particularly fierce in the low and medium voltage cable sectors, while high voltage and ultra-high voltage cable production is dominated by a few key players due to high technical barriers [21]. Industry Financial Status - The profitability of the industry is affected by the dual pressures of upstream raw material costs and downstream customer pricing. In the first half of 2025, sample enterprises saw a slight increase in operating profit, with overall revenue growth of 1.07% [27][28]. - The financial leverage of sample enterprises decreased slightly by mid-2025, remaining at a moderate level, with an average asset-liability ratio of around 58% [33][36]. Industry Bond Market Performance - The credit status of the power and electrical equipment industry remains stable, with no defaults reported in 2025. The majority of bonds issued are short-term financing bonds and general corporate bonds [39][40]. - As of the first nine months of 2025, 37 bonds were issued, primarily by local state-owned enterprises with AAA ratings, indicating a preference for short-term flexible financing [41][43].

地方 AMC 参与企业破产重整 的分析与建议 联合资信 金融评级二部 | 梁兰琼 | 陈鸿儒 | 卢芮欣 近年来，在退市常态化与严监管的背景下，国家支持企业通过破产重整化 解债务风险；而地方 AMC 依托属地区域资源，可高效协调区域内司法、 产业及金融机构，加速资产盘活，并能对属地风险企业形成支持，参与企 业破产重整已成为地方 AMC 重要业务方向之一。但破产重整业务风险较 大，参与其中仍需加强专业能力建设和风险把控，并从地区协同、模式创 新、风险锁定等维度探索可持续发展路径。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 近年破产重整案件快速增长，参与机构增多，地方 AMC 参与企业破产重整的业 务也逐渐增多，本文主要分析地方 AMC 参与的破产重整案件的特点、模式、优劣势， 总结其影响并给出建议。 一、 地方 AMC 参与企业破产重整的背景分析 会纪要》（以下简称《纪要》），《上市公司监管指引第 11 号——上市公司破产重整相 关事项》（以下简称"11 号文"）也于同月开始征求意见，这两项重要新规对上市公司 重整提出了更高标准，包括债权调整方案的创新性、清偿结构的合理性等要求，重整 方案需更精细的法律 ...

煤炭行业 2026 年度信用风险展望（2025 年 12 月） 工商评级三部 近年来中国煤炭价格走势 煤炭行业杠杆水平指标 煤炭行业信用风险展望丨 2026 摘要 公司邮箱：lianhe@lhratings.com 网址：www.lhratings.com 电话：010-85679696 传真：010-85679228 地址：北京市朝阳区建国门外大街 2 号中国人保财险大厦 17 层 www.lhratings.com 信用风险展望 0 近年来中国煤炭产量情况 煤炭行业经营现金流及资本支出（单位：亿元） 2025 年以来，煤炭行业以"稳产增产"为核心基调，聚焦智 能化、自动化转型，同步强化安全生产与环境保护监管，推 动高端装备国产化及新能源融合发展，行业准入门槛持续提 升。 2025 年 1－10 月，全国煤炭产量小幅增长，煤炭进口量有所 下降；需求端呈现结构分化，电力行业对动力煤需求形成稳 定支撑，非电行业需求疲软拖累焦煤、喷吹煤消费；国内煤 炭价格整体呈先抑后扬、震荡修复的走势，但整体均价仍不 及 2024 年，行业整体盈利水平同比下滑。行业集中度稳定， 呈现区域布局集中、头部企业主导的竞争格局。 202 ...

电力行业 2026 年度信用风险展望（2025 年 12 月） 电力行业样本企业杠杆水平指标 电力行业信用风险展望丨 2026 摘要 公司邮箱：lianhe@lhratings.com 网址：www.lhratings.com 电话：010-85679696 传真：010-85679228 地址：北京市朝阳区建国门外大街 2 号中国人保财险大厦 17 层 工商评级三部 电力行业样本企业营业总收入及营业利润情况 www.lhratings.com 信用风险展望 0 2024－2025 年分月全社会用电量及其增速情况 电力行业装机规模及五大发电企业装机占比情况 宏观方面，2025 年前三季度，内需动能仍待提振，全年增长 目标可期；行业方面，全社会用电量保持同比增长，电力总 装机容量进一步提升，发电量保持同比增长。随着新能源发 电装机规模和占比的不断提高，行业呈现"头部稳固、转型 分化、新兴突围"特征。 行业财务状况方面，2022 年以来，电力行业样本企业营业总 收入和营业利润总额逐年增长。其中，火力发电企业在煤价 回落及电价政策支持下盈利水平有所提升，新能源发电企业 盈利水平保持相对稳定，但投资扩张带来持续的融资 ...

融资租赁公司业务转型研究 联合资信 金融评级二部 | 张 帆 | 潘岳辰 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 摘要 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 2 近年来，金融租赁行业监管趋势逐步趋严，旨在引导行业回归本源，发挥"融物 +融资"属性，更好地服务实体经济。虽然目前重量级政策主要围绕金租公司开 展，尚未出台文件要求商租公司立刻向直租或产业方向转型，但预计未来二者的 监管导向将趋同，商租公司提前谋划转型成为必然选择。受化债政策的影响，融 资租赁公司开展城投业务受到一定限制，同时低利率环境也导致行业竞争加剧。 设备更新、"双碳"战略、十五五规划等国家宏观政策也为融资租赁公司业务转型 带来了机遇。 相较于未转型的样本商租公司，转型中的样本商租公司面临更大的业务规模、盈 利能力、资产质量下降压力。相较于商租公司，金租的监管要求更加严格，业务 转型力度更大。金租行业整体直租业务投放及占比均有明显提升，行业转型成效 初步显现，但头部金租公司和中小金租公司的业务结构分化较大。样本金租公司 整体面临业务规模增速放缓、盈利水平下降的压力，但资产质量有所提高。 融资租赁公司业务转型是大势所趋，但行业竞 ...

www.lhratings.com 研究报告 0 降息、分化与突围： 中国消费金融市场竞争格局重塑 与转型路径探析 联合资信 金融评级一部 |马鸣娇 |王 柠 |王从飞 |林 璐 我国消费金融 40 年从"银行信用卡独大"逐步走向"科技驱动的普惠生态"，在扩内需、促消费的大背景下，消费金 融行业整体规模保持增长，但增速放缓的趋势下行业或进入存量经营时代，部分参与主体面临一定业务转型压力，行 业格局或将重塑。利率上限与 LPR 持续下行等因素对消费金融行业参与主体获客及风控能力的考验加大，市场竞争、 客群分层、行业分化将进一步加剧，头部机构优势将进一步凸显，自主风控能力、精细化管理与客户运营能力将成为 未来行业的核心竞争力。助贷新规的出台短期内给行业带来较大的冲击，但从长期来看，监管导向推动各机构摒弃高 利率覆盖高风险的业务模式，向更精细化的风控能力和风险定价的经营模式转变，随着主流机构科技实力和风控能力 的不断提升，以及尾部机构的逐步出清，消费金融行业将步入规范化发展阶段。 一、消费金融行业发展历程及监管政策 消费金融主要是向各阶层消费者提供以消费为目的的小额贷款服务，具有单笔额 度小、审批快、无抵押担保、期 ...

地方政府与城投企业债务风险研究报告－江苏省篇 联合资信 公用评级二部 |张建飞|邢小帆 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 报告概要： www.lhratings.com 研究报告 2 江苏省地理位置优越，资源禀赋突出，交通体系完善；城镇化水平较高；产业结构完备；"一 带一路"建设、长江经济带发展、长三角区域一体化发展以及近年来陆续出台的一系列稳经 济促发展的政策对江苏省经济、社会、文化发展起到了重大推进作用，江苏省经济总量及人 均 GDP 位居全国前列。2024 年，江苏省一般公共预算收入稳定增长，规模稳居全国第二位， 且质量及自给率较高；政府性基金收入规模有所下降，但仍对综合财力贡献大；江苏省整体 财政实力强。江苏省政府负债率及债务率在全国处于低水平。 江苏省各地级市在经济、财政、人口、产业分布等方面相对不均衡，南北差异明显，苏南地 区整体优于苏中、苏北地区。2024 年，江苏省各地级市经济规模均同比增长，除南京市外， 各地市一般公共预算收入均实现增长，苏南地区财政自给率高于苏北地区；受房地产市场低 迷影响，大部分地级市政府性基金收入同比下降。江苏省各地级市政府债务余额均保持增长， 地市政府 ...

地方政府与城投企业债务风险研究报告－盐城市 联合资信 公用评级一部 |郑 重|姚 玥|谭伟祯 报告概要 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 2 盐城市是江苏省沿海开发的核心城市之一，区位优势显著，交通网络日益完善。2024 年，盐 城市经济总量和一般公共预算收入稳步增长，规模均位居江苏省中游，城镇化进程持续推进， 产业结构不断优化，民营经济活力增强，以"海上风电之都"为代表的特色产业支撑作用显 著。同期，盐城市一般公共预算收入质量有待提升，财政自给能力中等，政府债务负担相对 较重。盐城市持续获得中央和江苏省在财政转移支付、专项资金拨付以及产业转型政策扶持 等方面的有力支持，为经济社会高质量发展提供了重要保障。 盐城市下属区（县、市）整体经济发展水平较高，但区域间仍存在一定差异，城镇化发展水 平较高；各区（县、市）中，东台市整体经济实力最强，人均 GDP 水平最高。2024 年，盐 城市大部分区（县、市）税收收入占比较高且各区（县、市）之间较为均衡；除东台市和大 丰区外，其他区（县、市）基金收入同比均有所下降，基金收入承压明显；各区（县、市） 政府债务负担水平相差较小且债务负担均较重。2024 年，盐 ...

城投企业转型进程呈现分化，园区发展情况影响个体转型成效 ——苏北地区国家级园区发展及园区城投企业转型情况 联合资信 公用评级二部 | 杜晗 | 何泰 | 霍聪聪 近年来，随着长三角一体化、淮河生态经济带和江苏沿海开发等中央和地方战略在苏北地区叠 加，苏北地区面临"追赶"与"转型"的双重任务。国家级园区是苏北地区产业高效集聚和升级迭 代的主阵地，对苏北地区经济发展具有一定的带动性。园区城投企业的转型与发展对区域经济稳定、 地方财政安全和园区发展效能有重要影响。本文通过梳理苏北地区国家级园区"十三五"期间和"十 四五"期间的发展演变方向情况，以及园区内样本城投企业 2016－2024 年资产、收入和利润等指标 的变化情况，发现从"十三五"到"十四五"，苏北地区国家级园区整体取得了一定的发展成效， 但园区间的发展速度分化明显，且部分园区的经济或财政实力增幅显著低于江苏省全省水平和所在 地级市全市水平；园区城投企业从资产和收入角度来看取得了一定的转型成效，但从利润角度来看 转型成效并不明显；园区城投企业背靠国家级园区，可利用的区域产业资源丰富，主要围绕区域内 产业进行业务板块拓展、股权基金投资和自营项目投资等方面的转 ...

Investment Rating - The tourism industry maintains a stable development trend, with a stable outlook rating [29] Core Insights - In the first three quarters of 2025, domestic travel volume and total spending both experienced double-digit growth year-on-year, although the growth rate of total spending has slowed down despite an increase in travel volume [4][29] - The recovery of inbound tourism is strong, with international flight passenger transport volume exceeding the same period in 2019 [4][8] - The industry is supported by various government policies aimed at promoting high-quality development in tourism [27][29] Summary by Sections Industry Operation Status - Domestic tourism reached 4.998 billion trips in the first three quarters of 2025, an increase of 761 million trips, representing an 18.0% year-on-year growth, surpassing the 2019 level [4] - Domestic tourism revenue totaled 4.85 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.5%, but the growth rate has slowed compared to the previous year [4] - Inbound tourism saw a 23.5% year-on-year increase in international flight passenger transport volume, reaching 591.55 billion ton-kilometers [8] Sub-industry Analysis Scenic Areas - Most scenic areas saw improved cash flow, but profitability declined compared to the previous year, with total profits of 1.785 billion yuan, down 5.67% year-on-year [10] Hotels and Restaurants - The hotel industry faces intensified competition, with only a few major hotel groups showing slight improvements in occupancy rates and RevPAR [14][20] - Major hotel groups reported mixed performance, with some experiencing significant profit declines due to high base effects from previous asset sales [20] Duty-Free Shopping - The duty-free market in Hainan continues to face pressure from weak consumer spending, with sales down 7.7% year-on-year in the first three quarters [22] - However, the market began to recover in September 2025, showing a 3.4% year-on-year increase in monthly sales [24] Industry Policies - The government has introduced multiple support policies, including cultural tourism consumption vouchers and expanding the supply of quality products to promote high-quality development in the tourism sector [27][29] Outlook - The tourism industry is expected to maintain stable demand, supported by ongoing government policies and a recovering economy, with a stable outlook rating maintained [29]