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2025年度养殖行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-15 04:40
2025 年度养殖行业分析 联合资信 工商评级 李敬云 经历 2022 年以来的生猪产能持续震荡整理,2024 年,产能去化效果显现,猪价 整体呈回升态势至 8 月后下行,同时饲料价格震荡下行,行业内企业盈利能力有所回 升。2025 年一季度,活猪和猪肉价格继续下探。整体看,生猪行业市场价格对供需 反应趋于迅速,但波幅趋于平缓。 随着生猪产能去化初见成效,且行业在长期亏损后现金压力普遍较大,短期内产 能扩建能力有限,有望推动猪周期逐步转入合理上行区间。同时也需关注,生猪养殖 企业仍将长期面临原材料、动物疫病、环保等方面的成本控制挑战。随着集团化养殖 企业占比提升,市场整体产能变化趋于稳定,猪周期造成的行业波动幅度有望进一步 平滑。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业概况 近年来,受政策驱动、非洲猪瘟等因素影响,中国生猪养殖集中度有所提升,但 仍处于较低水平,导致行业具有较大的周期波动性。 猪肉是中国居民主要的肉类食品来源,市场需求具有较强的刚性,生猪养殖行业 下游需求量与城乡居民生活水平息息相关。中国猪肉产量稳居各畜产品之首,无论是 产量还是产值均占畜禽养殖行业的 50%以上,根据农业 ...
食品饮料行业观察及2025年信用风险展望
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-15 00:55
食品饮料行业观察 及 2025 年信用风险展望 联合资信 工商评级二部 孙长征|李成帅 2024 年,受消费信心不足等因素影响,食品饮料行业需求较为疲弱;但在扩内需、促消费等政策措施助力 下,行业总体保持了平稳发展。 展望 2025 年,货币政策的适度宽松以及一系列扩内需措施的执行有望提振食品饮料消费需求,粮食等主要 原料价格的基本稳定有利于降低经营者的成本压力,食品饮料行业的景气度有望提升。在政策红利、消费复苏 与技术变革的多重驱动下,食品饮料行业有望呈现市场规模扩容与竞争格局重构的特征,头部企业加速整合, 通过并购扩张与本土化运营巩固竞争优势;部分中小企业通过专业化、个性化经营,也可以在局部领域取得竞 争优势,获得一定的发展空间。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业概况 食品饮料行业是国民经济重要的支柱行业,行业整体处于产业链中、下游,其上 游主要是农业、养殖业以及食品添加剂及食品包装等行业,下游则通过商超、电商、 餐饮等环节到达终端消费者。食品饮料行业下属不同子行业间差异较大,但也具有一 定共性,整体看,多数子行业的产品具有一定消费刚性,行业进入壁垒相对较低、竞 争激烈,行业产销 ...
2025年贸易行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-09 04:45
2025 年贸易行业分析 联合资信 工商评级二部 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业运行情况 (一)进出口贸易运行情况 2024 年,中国进出口贸易总额稳步增长,累计出口同比上升明显,海外需求韧 性较强;受国内需求较弱叠加全球大宗商品价格下跌影响,累计进口同比增速下滑。 2025 年一季度,在外部困难挑战增多的情况下,中国外贸进出口实现平稳开局,美 国加征高额关税对我国外贸出口的制约预计二季度会逐步显现。 根据海关总署数据,2024 年中国进出口商品金额总值 61622.89 亿美元,同比上 升 3.8%。其中,累计出口金额 35772.22 亿美元,同比上升 5.9%,自 5 月以后累计出 口同比整体呈明显上升趋势,主要受半导体行业周期性回暖及消费电子、汽车、船舶 等产品竞争力提升等因素综合影响;累计进口金额 25850.67 亿美元,同比上升 1.1%, 自 8 月以来累计进口同比缓慢下滑,主要系国内需求端较弱叠加全球大宗商品价格下 跌所致;2024 年全年贸易顺差 9921.55 亿美元,较 2023 年增加 1700.53 亿美元,贸 易顺差有明显增长。 2025 年一季度,在 ...
多元产业投资控股行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-09 04:45
Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the diversified industrial investment holding industry [2]. Core Insights - The diversified industrial investment holding industry is characterized by a business model that involves holding and managing subsidiaries across multiple sectors, allowing for risk diversification and value enhancement [4][5]. - The industry is influenced by various policies, including antitrust regulations, ESG standards, and state-owned enterprise market value management, which significantly impact corporate strategies [2][14]. - The industry is expected to experience a phase of integration and optimization by 2025, with market competition intensifying and a focus on compliance and sustainable development [27][28]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - Diversified industrial investment holding companies manage subsidiaries across various sectors, promoting sustainable development through strategic investments [4]. - The business model focuses on investment management rather than direct operational involvement, with revenue primarily from dividends, asset operations, and management fees [5]. Industry Scale and Structure - The industry features a large number of companies, with leading firms holding assets exceeding 100 billion [6]. - The structure is dominated by a few large groups, while smaller firms struggle to maintain market share [6][7]. - The financial metrics of diversified holding companies are generally below the averages of the broader market, indicating significant internal variance in profitability [7][10]. Financing Preferences and Investment Management - Financing sources for diversified holding companies include bonds, bank loans, and equity injections, with a focus on balancing leverage and financing costs [11]. - Companies adopt different strategies based on their operational focus, with capital operation firms prioritizing asset appreciation and operational firms focusing on synergy and risk diversification [11][12]. Industry Policies and Focus Areas - Recent regulatory developments emphasize compliance with antitrust laws, market access, and ESG standards, necessitating significant legal and financial resources for compliance [13][14][16]. - The government is promoting a dual approach to modernize traditional industries while fostering emerging sectors, which will shape the investment landscape [18][19]. Future Outlook - The industry is poised for consolidation, with larger firms likely to acquire smaller ones, while financing conditions may stabilize due to a favorable liquidity environment [27][28]. - Digitalization and industry collaboration are expected to drive efficiency improvements, with local investment platforms playing a crucial role in regional economic development [28].
2025年工程机械行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-09 04:45
2025 年工程机械行业分析 联合资信 工商评级三部 |王煜彤 在 2023 年中国工程机械行业下行的背景下,2024 年工程机械行业筑 底企稳,工程机械企业盈利水平有所提升。各类挖掘机和装载机产品销量 均呈增长态势;工程机械产品出口金额保持增长但增速放缓,其中"一带 一路"沿线国家出口景气度维持较高水平,同时新增对外承包工程将有效 拉动工程机械产品出口。2024 年,我国工程机械企业盈利水平有所提升。 未来,海外市场将继续成为国内工程机械企业的重要支撑。 2024 年以来,工程机械行业向数字化、智能化、绿色化加速转型。随 着国家大规模设备更新、超长期特别国债等举措加快落地,相关产业政策 的有效实施,重大工程项目建设全力推进,工程机械行业有望进入复苏阶 段,加之市场上存量机械自然更新淘汰、环保政策趋严、机械取代人工趋 势加深以及出口"情绪"高涨等众多因素的影响下,中国工程机械刚性需 求将持续释放。总体看,预计工程机械行业在 2025 年将整体维持稳定发 展态势。 一、行业现状 2024 年全年国民经济运行稳中有进,房地产开发投资依然不振,但受益于固定 资产投资(不含农户)同比增长,各类挖掘机和装载机产品销量均 ...
2025年股权投资行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-09 04:45
2025 年股权投资行业运行分析 联合资信 工商评级二部 受复杂的外部环境影响,2024 年中国股权投资市场整体延续下行态势,但 各项运营指标降幅同比有所收窄。募资端国资 LP 仍是最主要出资方,投 资端在调整中呈现出结构优化的趋势,资金与资源进一步向优质项目倾斜, 半导体及电子设备领域投资热度依旧领先,人工智能领域受资本青睐。受 IPO 节奏仍未放松影响,处于延长期的基金规模持续增长,短期内仍面临 较大的退出压力。受地方财政压力和监管趋严影响,2024 年中国政府引导 基金设立节奏放缓。随着各项政策的积极推动,预计 2025 年行业各项运 营指标降幅将进一步收窄。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 出资人结构方面,国资 LP 仍是人民币基金的最主要出资方。根据执中 ZERONE 数据,国资性质资金在 LP 结构中占据主导地位,占比约 88.8%,其中政府资金(含 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 2 图表 1 股权投资行业募资情况 一、股权投资市场运行概况 (一)募资端 2024 年中国股权投资市场募资难度进一步加剧,新募基金数量和规模同比显著 下滑,国资 LP 仍是基金最主要出 ...
2025年零售行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-09 04:45
2025 年零售行业分析 联合资信 工商评级二部 2024 年,社零增速放缓,在储蓄意愿增强以及外部宏观环境影响下,零售市场消费需求不 足,消费信心仍有待提振。其中,网络零售仍为消费增长的主要驱动力,但增速有所放缓;百 货业态增长乏力,提升改造与投入产出匹配存在难度;连锁业态展现出一定发展韧性,但回暖 趋势不明显,行业内资本事件重启,整合后规模效应和协同效应有待进一步观察。 展望 2025 年,全球经济格局深度调整,地缘政治局势复杂多变,国内对外贸易正面临着 前所未有的挑战,不确定性显著加大,扩大内需成为稳定经济增长的"压舱石"。预计,2025 年政府针对消费领域的政策支持将延续并有望加大力度,但政策落地效果取决于居民消费能力 和消费意愿的提升;网络零售仍将是消费增长的主要驱动力,实体零售企业经营持续承压,具 备贴近消费者需求的经营策略、全渠道服务能力与良好经营效率的企业有望实现结构性增长。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业运行情况 (一)行业概况 2024 年,消费支出对拉动 GDP 增长起到重要作用,但消费增速放缓,百货业态 经营压力较大;居民收入增速放缓、储蓄意愿增强以及在外部 ...
发行主体信用资质强或市场化程度高,随城投转型或将进入提速阶段——城投公司发行科创债现状及展望
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-05-08 04:40
Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive outlook for the issuance of Sci-tech bonds by urban investment companies, suggesting that the marketization transformation of these companies will accelerate [3][15]. Core Insights - Sci-tech bonds are essential financial instruments aimed at promoting technological innovation and industrial transformation, with urban investment companies increasingly participating in their issuance since the pilot program began in March 2021 [3][5]. - The issuance of Sci-tech bonds by urban investment companies has been growing annually, with a notable increase in the number of bonds issued and the total amount raised [15][16]. - The report highlights that urban investment companies are transitioning towards market-oriented operations, utilizing equity investments and industrial funds as part of their transformation strategy [3][15]. Policy Evolution - The report outlines the evolution of policies related to the issuance of Sci-tech bonds, starting from the pilot program in March 2021 to the formal launch in May 2022, and subsequent revisions in October 2023 and December 2024 [5][6]. - Key policies have been established by exchanges and regulatory bodies to guide the issuance of Sci-tech bonds, emphasizing the need for issuers to demonstrate significant technological innovation attributes or direct the raised funds towards technology-related fields [4][8]. Issuance Requirements - The report details the requirements for issuing Sci-tech bonds, which vary between exchanges and the interbank market, focusing on the issuer's creditworthiness and the intended use of raised funds [9][13]. - For exchange-listed bonds, issuers must generally maintain a debt-to-asset ratio below 80% and ensure that at least 70% of the raised funds are directed towards technology innovation [9][10]. Urban Investment Companies' Issuance Status - Since the launch of Sci-tech bonds, urban investment companies have issued a total of 117 bonds amounting to approximately 93.05 billion yuan, with a steady increase in issuance scale observed from 2021 to 2025 [16][22]. - The report notes that urban investment companies primarily issue medium to long-term bonds, with a significant portion of issuers located in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Chongqing, and Sichuan [17][22]. Characteristics of Issuers - The report categorizes urban investment companies into Sci-tech and non-Sci-tech issuers, with the majority being non-Sci-tech, relying on the allocation of funds towards technology innovation to meet issuance requirements [26][31]. - Among the successful issuers, a small percentage are recognized as Sci-tech issuers, primarily due to their substantial R&D investments, while most non-Sci-tech issuers focus on equity and fund investments [28][31]. Financial and Business Features - The financial characteristics of urban investment companies indicate a diversified income structure, with many companies generating significant revenue from market-oriented activities rather than traditional urban investment operations [34][39]. - The report emphasizes the increasing contribution of investment income to overall profits, highlighting a trend towards greater marketization and diversification within the sector [39][48].
2025年钢铁行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-04-29 04:40
2025 年钢铁行业分析 联合资信 工商评级四部 |钢铁行业组 2024 年,中国粗钢产量同比小幅下降,钢铁行业下游需求疲弱,供给端相对处于 过剩态势,原燃料价格虽有下降,但成本端降幅不及钢材价格降幅,钢铁行业整体盈 利水平持续下行。受供需关系影响,铁矿石和焦炭价格均呈现波动下行态势;房地产 投资持续下滑,但制造业和基建投资对用钢需求提供重要支撑,钢铁产品结构持续调 整。 预计 2025 年中国钢铁行业将延续供需双弱的格局,钢材价格预计维持震荡走势, 钢铁企业的经营效益难有明显好转。展望未来,短期内,钢铁企业仍将面临一定的经 营压力。长期来看,在产业政策引领下,随着低效产能的逐步出清,钢铁行业将转向 高质量发展,行业竞争格局有望得到明显改善。 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 0 一、 行业运行情况 2024年,中国钢铁行业供需双弱,行业景气度仍处于探底阶段。行业供给过 剩依然严重,产品价格下行,钢铁行业整体盈利趋弱。 钢铁是重要的基础原材料,行业具有典型的强周期属性。钢铁行业的供给受 下游需求和行业政策影响很大。 着央行降准、降息以及房地产利好政策密集出台,9 月底至 10 月中旬国内钢材价 格 ...
2025年电力、电气设备制造行业分析
Lian He Zi Xin· 2025-04-27 14:23
2024 年以来全社会用电量同比增长,电源、电网持续保持较大的投 资规模,随着电力行业加快新型能源体系和新型电力系统构建,新能源新 增装机成为绝对主体,重点输电通道建设稳步推进,产业链带动效果显 著。特高压、清洁能源大基地建设以及省间互联通道开展规划和建设需求 仍将持续,智能变配电将迎来新机遇。同时,上下游产业链完善度逐步提 升,供给与需求体量逐渐增大,与当前国际能源局势、国家能源战略具有 密不可分的关系,特朗普再次当选或将推动国家能源战略加速发展。预计 2025 年电力、电气设备制造行业景气度仍将持续,展望为稳定。 · 2025 年电力、电气设备制造行业分析 联合资信 工商评级三部 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业运行情况回顾 电力、电气设备制造行业作为国民经济发展中重要的装备工业之一,2023 年以 来,全社会用电量稳步提升,电力行业加快新型能源体系和新型电力系统构建;电源、 电网持续保持较大的投资规模,投资增速创新高,新能源新增装机成为绝对主体,重 点输电通道建设稳步推进,电力设备制造行业外部发展环境良好。 电力、电气设备制造行业作为国民经济发展中重要的装备工业之一,行业景气度 ...