Group 1 - The Bank of Japan is considering slowing down the pace of bond purchase reductions while keeping the benchmark interest rate unchanged, which is causing significant tension in the global bond market [1] - All 53 analysts surveyed expect the Bank of Japan to maintain the interest rate at 0.5%, with a focus on the updated government bond purchase plan, where about two-thirds predict a smaller reduction starting in April [1] - The Bank of Japan's first extension of its quantitative tightening plan into the new fiscal year is aimed at addressing recent yield fluctuations, especially after the long-term Japanese government bond yield reached a historic high last month [1] Group 2 - Analysts predict that the new reduction pace may be set at 200 billion yen per quarter, with 40% of analysts expecting this figure, while 25% forecast a reduction of 300 billion yen, and 20% believe it will remain at 400 billion yen [2] - The Bank of Japan's Governor has indicated that the threshold for intervening in the bond market is high, as the central bank is working to restore market functionality damaged by past quantitative easing and yield curve control policies [2] - Following the policy statement from the Bank of Japan, market attention will shift to the Governor's press conference, where investors will look for hints regarding the timing of the next interest rate hike [2] Group 3 - In response to potential Senate elections next month, the Japanese Prime Minister is attempting to gain public support by addressing rising living costs, as consumer inflation in Japan remains the highest among G7 countries [3] - The U.S. Treasury Department has notably mentioned the Bank of Japan's policies in its semiannual currency report, urging the central bank to tighten policies to correct yen weakness and balance bilateral trade [3] - A former Bank of Japan official emphasized the need for the central bank to maintain a stance against rising core inflation, which is crucial for alleviating public dissatisfaction with living costs and serves as a key bargaining chip in U.S.-Japan trade negotiations [3]

Core Viewpoint - The structural risks of Japan's ultra-long-term government bonds are rising as yields continue to increase, with the 40-year yield reaching its highest level since issuance in 2007, indicating potential challenges for Japan's fiscal sustainability and global market stability [1][2][4]. Group 1: Bond Market Dynamics - Japan's long-term bond yields are on the rise, with the 40-year yield increasing by 6 basis points to 3.675%, the highest since 2007 [1]. - The 10-year and 5-year government bond yields have also risen, reaching 1.56% and 1.02% respectively [1]. - The recent auction of 20-year bonds saw the lowest bid-to-cover ratio since 2012, dropping to 2.5 times, indicating weak market demand [2][4]. Group 2: Central Bank Challenges - The Bank of Japan holds 52% of the Japanese government bond market, acting as a stabilizer but facing a dilemma between continuing quantitative tightening (QT) and the risk of market volatility [5]. - If QT continues, long-term bond yields may rise further, leading to significant losses for bondholders and potentially forcing the Bank of Japan to reintroduce yield curve control (YCC) or negative interest rates [5]. - Conversely, if the Bank of Japan opts for quantitative easing (QE), it may alleviate market volatility but exacerbate inflationary pressures and lead to a depreciation of the yen [5]. Group 3: Economic Sentiment - A recent survey indicated that 65% of Japanese companies are calling for the Bank of Japan to pause its interest rate hike plans, reflecting concerns over economic contraction and uncertainty from external factors [6]. - The total national debt of Japan is projected to reach 1,323.7155 trillion yen by the end of the fiscal year 2024, marking a continuous increase and raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [7]. - The Japanese government is facing a fiscal dilemma, with rising expenditures due to inflation not being fully covered by tax revenues, leading to a precarious financial situation [8].

当全球金融市场的焦点集中在美债走势之时，日本超长期国债的结构性风险正悄然的攀升，"供需错 位"导致日本债券拍卖遇冷，超长期日债收益率跳涨或导致全球金融市场震动，而作为日本国债最大的 买家，日本央行的量化紧缩能否持续推进再次出现了较大的不确定性。 截至5月20日发稿，日本20年期国债收益率跃升至2.555%，为2000年10月以来的最高水平；日本30年期 国债收益率上涨13个基点至纪录高点3.10%；40年期国债收益率则跃升10个基点至3.591%的历史最高 点。日本基准10年期国债收益率一度升至1.525%，为3月底以来高位。 日本债券市场的供需失衡也令日本央行陷入两难局面，一方面若日本央行持续推进量化紧缩（QT）， 可能导致长端债券收益率继续上行，引发债市剧烈波动，使持债机构面临巨大账面损失，最终甚至可能 迫使央行重启收益率曲线控制（YCC）或重新实施负利率。 另一方面，如果日本央行选择提前放弃紧缩政策，重新启动量化宽松（QE），虽然有助于缓解市场波 动，但可能加剧通胀压力，导致日元大幅贬值、资本外流。 日债收益率上升的"连锁反应" 日本央行的量化紧缩能否持续？ 当地时间5月20日，日本财务省进行的1万亿日 ...