长期通胀预期与2%目标一致。 政策变化对经济的影响仍不确定。 关税可能推高物价并拖累经济。 美联储主席鲍威尔：最终的关税水平将决定其影响。 美国经济和劳动力市场依然稳固。 通胀显著缓和，仍在一定程度上高于目标。 ...

美国总统特朗普：美国经济和劳动力市场仍然保持稳健。 ...

Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Kugler did not comment on FOMC monetary policy or the U.S. economy [1] Group 1 - The lack of commentary from Kugler may indicate a cautious approach towards future monetary policy decisions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's Daly stated that both the U.S. economy and the FOMC's monetary policy are currently in a good state [1] Group 1 - The U.S. economy is performing well, indicating stability and growth potential [1] - The FOMC's monetary policy is also described as being in a favorable condition, suggesting effective management of economic conditions [1]

Economic Overview - The Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate in the range of 4.25% to 4.5% for the fourth consecutive time since the end of 2024, reflecting a cautious approach amid economic uncertainties [3][4] - The U.S. economy has shown resilience with a projected GDP growth rate of approximately 2.8% for 2024, despite challenges, and the unemployment rate remained low at 4.2% in December 2024 [4][5] - Inflation remains a concern, with the core PCE price index dropping to 2.1% in early 2024 but rebounding to 2.8% by May 2025, prompting the Fed to adopt a wait-and-see approach [4][5] Monetary Policy Dynamics - The Fed's dual mandate focuses on maximizing employment and maintaining price stability, leading to a shift from aggressive rate hikes to a more cautious stance [5] - Following a series of rate increases from near-zero to a peak of 5.33%, the Fed has since implemented three rate cuts in 2024, bringing the current rate to 4.25% to 4.5% [5] - Economic forecasts for 2025 indicate a GDP growth adjustment from 1.7% to 1.4% and a slight rise in unemployment to 4.5%, highlighting the need for careful policy balancing [5][6] External Influences - Global economic uncertainties, particularly changes in trade policies and tariffs, have impacted the Fed's decision-making process, necessitating a cautious approach to rate adjustments [6] - The Fed's policy contrasts with other central banks, which have initiated rate cuts, reflecting the relative strength of the U.S. economy and the dollar's status as a global reserve currency [6] Market Reactions - Following the Fed's decision on June 18, 2025, U.S. stock markets reacted moderately, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average rising by 0.2% and the S&P 500 slightly declining by 0.03% [7] - Market expectations suggest two potential rate cuts in 2025, with probabilities of maintaining rates in July at 89% and a 61% chance of a cut in September [7] Impact on Consumers - The current interest rate environment, while lower than 2023 peaks, remains high, affecting borrowing costs for consumers, particularly in housing and auto loans [8] - The average 30-year mortgage rate stood at approximately 6.7% in March 2025, significantly higher than 3.0% in 2021, leading to reduced demand in the housing market [8] - High interest rates benefit savers with yields above 4% on high-yield savings accounts, but potential future rate cuts may compress these returns [8] Future Outlook - The Fed's cautious stance is expected to continue into the latter half of 2025, with core inflation projected to rise to 3.1% and unemployment slightly increasing [9] - The Fed's policy will remain flexible, adapting to economic data and external factors, including geopolitical risks and climate change [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article indicates that the U.S. economy is showing signs of a downward trend, but the probability of a significant downturn is low. Key indicators across employment, inventory, investment, consumption, and financial conditions suggest a weakening economic structure [2]. Group 1: Employment Market - The employment market is experiencing structural weakening, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. Job openings are at 4.4%, below the 12th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor demand compared to pre-pandemic levels [5][20]. - Labor supply is also weak, with a participation rate of 62.4%, which is below the 38th percentile since 2018. The labor market's supply-demand gap is at 1.0, indicating a significant cooling [21]. - Leading indicators suggest a downward trend in the employment market, with rising unemployment claims pointing towards an increase in the unemployment rate [23]. Group 2: Inventory - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory growth turning positive in 2024 but at a low rate. The manufacturing PMI has been fluctuating around 50, indicating alternating active and passive replenishment [6][27]. - Three leading indicators suggest a low probability of large-scale inventory replenishment in the near future, with the manufacturing PMI indicating weak inventory investment [30]. Group 3: Private Sector Investment - Non-residential investment is expected to continue declining in the next six months, with leading indicators such as manufacturing PMI and new orders showing weakness [7][34]. - In the real estate sector, weak demand, high inventory, and elevated financing costs are expected to hinder improvement in real estate investment [39]. Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer income growth is slowing, with disposable income growth recorded at 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the historical average of 5.2% [10][58]. - The wealth effect is diminishing, with a significant drop in excess wealth from $14.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion, a decrease of 26% [65]. - Despite reduced consumer spending capacity, the health of household balance sheets remains strong, with low leverage and manageable interest payment burdens [73]. Group 5: Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, with the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index turning positive again after a tightening period due to tariff policies [78]. - The Chicago Fed's National Financial Conditions Index also indicates a loose financial environment, remaining at the 42nd percentile since 2018 [80].

美联储FOMC声明及主席鲍威尔新闻发布会要点总结：维持利率不变 点阵图显示预计年内将降息两次 ①美联储将基准利率维持在4.25%-4.50%不变，自1月以来第四次决定维持利率不变。 ②美联储点阵图显示，2025年预计将降息两次，预计2026年和2027年各降息25个基点。 ③鲍威尔表示，当前的政策立场做好灵活应对准备。 ④鲍威尔表示，美联储认为维持当前利率水平是适当的。 ⑤鲍威尔表示，终有一天美联储可能会达到一个适合降息的位置。 ⑥鲍威尔表示，关税预期的上升使美联储对持续降息持更为谨慎的态度。 ⑦鲍威尔表示，当前的货币政策已略微收紧，仍适度具有限制性。 ⑧鲍威尔表示，美联储货币政策必须具有前瞻性。 ⑨鲍威尔表示，加息并非基本预期。 二、通胀方面 ①FOMC经济预期显示，2025、2026、2027年底核心PCE通胀预期中值分别为3.1%、2.4%、2.1%。 ②鲍威尔表示，通胀水平一直略高于2%。 ③鲍威尔表示，预计5月份总体PCE上涨2.3%，核心指数上涨2.6%。 ④鲍威尔表示，通胀数据温和部分源于房地产市场降温。 ⑤鲍威尔表示，美联储预期未来几个月内通胀将会显著上升。 ⑥鲍威尔表示，与2024年9月降息 ...

美联储主席鲍威尔：美国经济抵御了各种预期的疲软，表现强劲。 ...

Economic Overview - In May, U.S. retail sales fell by 0.9%, worse than the expected decline of 0.6%, primarily due to a drop in automotive and parts consumption[4] - Industrial production decreased by 0.2% in May, below the market expectation of 0%, with utilities experiencing a significant drop of 2.9%[4] Retail Sector Insights - Automotive sales continued to decline, dropping from 5.3% in March to -3.5% in May, reflecting a weakening demand for durable goods[4] - Non-durable goods consumption showed signs of recovery, with clothing and online shopping sales increasing from 0% and 0.4% in April to 0.8% and 0.9% in May, respectively[4] Inflation and Federal Reserve Outlook - Inflation is expected to rebound in Q3 due to rising oil prices and tariff impacts, despite a general economic slowdown[1] - The Federal Reserve is anticipated to maintain interest rates steady in June and July, with potential rate cuts in September and either November or December[1]

Employment Market - The employment market is showing structural weakness, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. The job vacancy rate is currently at 4.4%, which is at the 12th percentile since 2018, slightly below the 4.5% average from 2018-2019[3] - The labor force participation rate is at 62.4%, at the 38th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor supply compared to pre-pandemic levels[3] - The ratio of job vacancies to unemployment (V/U) is currently at 1.0, at the 6th percentile since 2018, reflecting a significant cooling in labor market supply-demand relationships[3] Inventory and Investment - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory year-on-year growth turning positive in 2024 but at a weak pace[5] - Leading indicators suggest that non-residential investment may continue to decline in the next six months, as manufacturing PMI and new orders are both weak[6] - The probability of large-scale inventory replenishment by businesses in the U.S. is low, as indicated by three leading indicators: manufacturing PMI, OECD leading indicators, and the self-inventory to customer inventory ratio[8] Consumer Spending - Consumer spending capacity is weakening, with disposable income growth slowing to 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the 5.2% average from 2018-2019[10] - The wealth effect has diminished significantly, with excess wealth dropping from $14.9 trillion in Q4 2024 to $11.1 trillion in Q1 2025, a decline of 26%[10] - Despite reduced spending capacity, the risk of consumer liquidity issues is low due to healthy household balance sheets and low interest payment pressures[11] Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, as indicated by the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index and the Chicago Fed National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI)[12] - Recent fluctuations in financial conditions were influenced by tariff policies, but conditions have returned to a more accommodative stance since early May 2025[12]