美联储官员密集发声。 当地时间9月23日，美股三大指数走势分化，截至发稿，道指涨0.42%，纳指跌0.28%，标普500指数跌0.07%。 | 代码 | 名称 | 现价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | DJI | 道琼斯工业指数 | 46575.35 | 193.81 | 0.42% | | IXIC | 纳斯达克指数 | 22725.02 | -63.96 | -0.28% | | SPX | 标普500 | 6688.78 | -4.97 | -0.07% | 科技七巨头方面，截至发稿，仅脸书微涨，英伟达、亚马逊跌超2%。 | 代码 | 名称 | 现价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 ▼ ਦ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | META | 脸书(META PLATFORMS | 767.519 | 2.359 | 0.31% | | GOOG | 谷歌(ALPHABET)-C | 251.992 | -0.889 | -0.35% | | AAPL | 苹果(APPLE) | 255.187 | -0.893 | - ...

【导读】接下来如何降息，美联储有分歧 中国基金报记者 泰勒 对于接下来的降息，多位 美联储官员继续发布不同的信号。 美联储古尔斯比表示通胀决定降息，需谨慎推进 芝加哥联邦储备银行行长奥斯坦·古尔斯比表示，鉴于通胀高于目标且呈上行趋势，美联储在进一步降息方面应保持谨慎。 古尔斯比在接受采访时表示： "最终，只要我们能把这股'滞胀的尘埃'从空气中驱散，利率就可以以一种渐进的节奏大幅下行。但考虑到通 胀已连续四年半高于目标，而且还在上升，我认为我们需要对过于提前、过于激进的行动保持一点谨慎。" 美联储官员在上周的会议上将利率下调了25个基点，这是自去年12月以来首次降息。根据会后公布的预测中值，决策者预计今年还将再降 息两次，每次25个基点。 古尔斯比表示，目前的货币政策"略具限制性"。他补充说，芝加哥联储对劳动力市场的分析显示其目前保持稳定，尽管招聘放缓，但裁员 仍处于低位。 美联储鲍曼：需要采取果断行动来支持就业 鲍曼在一场活动的讲话稿中表示： "如今我们已经连续数月看到劳动力市场状况恶化，是时候让委员会果断且前瞻性地行动，来应对劳动力 市场活力下降和脆弱迹象的显现了。在我看来，近期的数据——包括对非农就业的基 ...

美国芝加哥联邦储备银行行长奥斯坦·古尔斯比（Austan Goolsbee）9月23日表示，鉴于通胀水平仍高于 目标且呈上行轨迹，美联储在进一步降息方面应保持谨慎。"最终，如果我们能够驱散当前的滞胀阴 霾，利率可以以渐进的步伐下调相当幅度，"古尔斯比说。 ...

从当前到10月28日至29日的货币政策会议期间，可供官员评估经济状况的新增数据相对有限，就业 市场面临的风险程度可能将再次决定是否会降息25个基点。不过，对通胀走向的担忧，可能成为鲍 威尔如何平衡美联储内部分歧的关键。 降息前景分歧显著 自去年12月以后，美联储终于再次按下了降息键。然而，美联储官员就是否有必要进一步降息存在 明显分歧。尽管利率中值预期显示，到2025年底前还将再降息两次（每次25个基点），但利率点阵 图显示有7位政策制定者认为不需要再实施降息。 上周二加入美联储理事会并投出唯一反对票的白宫经济顾问委员会主席米兰（Stephen Miran）周一 发表讲话称，有必要大幅降息，以避免劳动力市场遭受不必要的损害。他认为，今年联邦经济政策的 2025.09. 23 本文字数：2402，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 樊志菁 在上周重启宽松周期后， 本周包括美联储主席鲍威尔在内的超过10位联储官员将发表公开讲话。 调整已显著压低了理论上的 "中性利率"。 "我认为适当的联邦基金利率应在 2.5%左右，比当前政策 利率低近2个百分点。" 周 一 两 位 地 方 联 储 官 员 表 达 了 对 继 ...

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve's cautious decision to lower interest rates by 25 basis points reflects the complex challenges facing the U.S. economy, marking the first rate adjustment since late 2024 [2][22] - The U.S. labor market remains weak, with only 22,000 non-farm jobs added in August, significantly below the expected 75,000, indicating a troubling employment landscape [4] - Inflation persists despite weak employment, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rising 2.9% year-on-year in August, the highest since January, and core CPI increasing by 3.1%, well above the Fed's 2% target [4] Group 2 - Tariff policies imposed by the U.S. government are contributing to rising domestic prices, with coffee prices increasing nearly 21% year-on-year in August due to tariffs on major coffee-exporting countries [6] - The independence of the Federal Reserve is under scrutiny due to political pressure from the Trump administration, which has raised concerns about the influence of politics on monetary policy decisions [6][7] Group 3 - Internal divisions within the Federal Reserve are evident, with most members predicting a potential rate drop to the 3.50-3.75% range by the end of 2025, while one member advocated for a more aggressive 50 basis point cut [7] - Following the rate cut announcement, financial markets experienced a "V-shaped" reaction, initially rising before reversing course, reflecting uncertainty about the U.S. economic outlook [8] Group 4 - International gold prices surged, with New York futures rising nearly $200 per ounce in September, surpassing the $3,700 mark, highlighting gold's appeal as a safe-haven asset amid economic uncertainty [11] - Global central banks are responding differently to the Fed's rate cut, with the Bank of Canada already lowering rates, while the European Central Bank remains cautious and the Bank of Japan continues its tightening policy [13] Group 5 - The depreciation of the U.S. dollar due to the Fed's rate cut is expected to provide upward pressure on the Chinese yuan, potentially benefiting the A-share market and bond market in China [15] - In the U.S., consumer confidence has significantly declined, with the University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index dropping 21% year-on-year, indicating growing concerns among American households [17] Group 6 - Experts warn that the challenges facing the U.S. economy are structural and cannot be resolved by a single rate cut, with predictions that CPI growth may continue to exceed the Fed's target in the coming months [19][20] - The impact of tariff policies is expected to become more pronounced, potentially exacerbating inflationary pressures and threatening long-term inflation expectations [20]

在上周重启宽松周期后，本周包括美联储主席鲍威尔在内的超过10位联储官员将发表公开讲话。 从当前到10月28日至29日的货币政策会议期间，可供官员评估经济状况的新增数据相对有限，就业市场 面临的风险程度可能将再次决定是否会降息25个基点。不过，对通胀走向的担忧，可能成为鲍威尔如何 平衡美联储内部分歧的关键。 今年FOMC票委穆萨勒姆在华盛顿布鲁金斯学会发表讲话时表示："上周我支持降息，这是一项预防性 举措，旨在维护充分就业的劳动力市场，防止其进一步疲软。然而，我认为在政策不变得过度宽松的前 提下，进一步降息的空间有限，我们应谨慎行事。"他表示，通胀率持续高于美联储目标的风险依然存 在，这意味着基准利率需要维持在足够高的水平，以抵消物价上涨的风险。 "货币政策应继续抑制通胀持续高于目标的态势，" 穆萨勒姆强调，"尽管失业率可能面临风险，但除非 这些风险开始显现，否则过度强调就业市场…… 可能弊大于利。" 博斯蒂克在接受媒体采访时表示，鉴于当前通胀率仍比美联储目标高出约1个百分点，上周的降息可能 是他认为今年唯一需要实施的一次降息。"我对长期居高不下的通胀感到担忧。对我而言，继续传递通 胀问题的重要性至关重要。" ...

Industry Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is maintained at "Outperform the Market" [1] Core Viewpoints - The report highlights that the recent Congo export policy for cobalt is expected to drive prices upward, with a significant reduction in export quotas leading to increased demand for replenishment from downstream enterprises [6] - The report suggests a bullish outlook for precious metals following the recent FOMC meeting, despite some market adjustments, indicating a potential slow bull market for gold [4] - Copper prices are anticipated to break through key resistance levels, supported by seasonal demand increases in China [5] - The aluminum market is expected to see price increases due to rising downstream consumption as the National Day holiday approaches [5] - Lithium demand is projected to grow significantly, driven by a major contract signed by CATL for lithium iron phosphate materials, indicating a strong outlook for lithium prices [7] - Uranium prices are expected to rise due to potential export restrictions from Russia, which could significantly impact global supply [8] Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The closing index for the industry is at 6522.39, with a weekly high of 6795.38 and a low of 3912.76 [1] Price Movements - Basic metals saw declines: copper down 1.19%, aluminum down 1.33%, zinc down 2.88%, lead down 0.17%, and tin down 1.53%. Precious metals had mixed results with gold down 0.22% and silver up 1.13% [21] Inventory Levels - Global visible inventories increased for copper by 7945 tons, aluminum by 8010 tons, and zinc by 2724 tons, while lead saw a decrease of 4085 tons [29]

1. Report's Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, Shanghai copper showed a pattern of being strong first and then weak, closing at 79,910 yuan/ton on Friday, with a weekly decline of 1.42%. After the Fed cut interest rates by 25 basis points, long - positions took profits and copper prices pulled back. Fundamentally, copper concentrate remained in short supply, and the spot rough smelting fee for copper concentrate was at a historical low. During the peak shutdown and maintenance period of smelters from September to October, combined with the insufficient supply of anode copper affected by tax policies, refined copper production might decline month - on - month. Meanwhile, the low domestic copper inventory provided support for copper prices. As the National Day approached, the downstream inventory - building demand might increase, and the demand in the peak season remained to be verified. Domestic policies might be introduced successively, and it was expected that copper prices would maintain a relatively strong and volatile pattern in the short term [7]. - The supply - side contradiction between mines and smelters persisted, with the spot rough smelting fee for copper concentrate remaining at a historical low. Although the port inventory of copper concentrate rebounded slightly, it was still at a low level over the years. The growth rate of domestic refined copper production remained stable, but in September, the production of electrolytic copper was expected to decrease due to the peak of smelter shutdowns and maintenance and the impact of policies on anode copper supply. On the demand side, downstream consumption showed no obvious improvement, but the operating rate increased slightly approaching the National Day. The operating rate of some copper products decreased, while that of copper foil increased. In terms of inventory, the inventory of the Shanghai Futures Exchange and domestic copper social inventory increased, while the LME copper inventory decreased. Considering factors such as the Fed's interest - rate cut rhythm uncertainty, the weak terminal consumption, and the support from peak - season consumption and high domestic maintenance, copper prices were expected to maintain a high - level and volatile operation before the holiday, and it was recommended to trade with a cautious long - position [4][5]. 3. Summaries According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Main Viewpoints and Strategies - **Supply - side**: As of September 18, the spot rough smelting fee for copper concentrate was - 41.4 dollars/ton, remaining at a historical low. As of September 12, the port inventory of domestic copper concentrate was 574,000 tons, rebounding slightly from a low level but still at a low level over the years. In August, China's electrolytic copper production was 1.1715 million tons, a month - on - month decrease of 0.24% and a year - on - year increase of 15.59%. In September, due to the peak of smelter shutdowns and maintenance and the impact of policies on anode copper supply, electrolytic copper production was expected to decrease [4][5][32]. - **Demand - side**: As of September 18, the weekly operating rate of major domestic refined copper rod enterprises rose to 70.49%, a month - on - month increase of 2.96 percentage points and a year - on - year decrease of 8.83 percentage points. Some enterprises stocked up in advance for the National Day holiday to avoid the risk of rising raw material prices. The decline in copper prices at the end of the week also increased downstream pick - up. In August, the operating rates of copper strips, copper tubes, and copper foils were 65.87%, 65.70%, and 78.44% respectively. The increase in copper prices reduced downstream purchasing willingness, and the growth of downstream orders was less than expected. The operating rate of copper tubes decreased due to the impact of US tariffs, while the operating rate of copper foils increased due to strong downstream demand for lithium - ion copper foils [4][5][36]. - **Inventory**: As of September 19, the copper inventory of the Shanghai Futures Exchange was 105,796 tons, a week - on - week increase of 12.51%. As of September 18, the domestic copper social inventory was 148,900 tons, a week - on - week increase of 3.19%. As of September 19, the LME copper inventory was 147,700 tons, a week - on - week decrease of 4.09% [4][5][48]. - **Strategy Suggestion**: Powell's statement on stagflation caused the US dollar to fall first and then rise, leading to a significant decline in precious metals and non - ferrous metals. High copper prices also suppressed demand, and market long - positions reduced their positions. After the decline in copper prices last week, market trading enthusiasm rebounded. Next week would be the inventory - building period before the National Day, and consumption might gradually recover. Currently, domestic smelters were in a high - maintenance period, but with the supplement of imported copper, the supply - side pressure was not obvious. The terminal consumption was still weak, and domestic and foreign inventories were stable with a slight increase but still fluctuating at a low level. The Fed's interest - rate cut rhythm was uncertain, and market expectations for future interest - rate cuts were divided. Domestic economic data was poor, and domestic policies might be further strengthened. Affected by the recovery of peak - season consumption and high domestic maintenance, copper prices were expected to maintain a high - level and volatile operation before the holiday, and it was recommended to trade with a cautious long - position [4][5]. 3.2 Macro and Industry News - **Macro Data Overview**: China and the US reached a basic framework consensus on properly resolving the TikTok issue. China's social consumer goods retail sales in August increased by 3.4% year - on - year, and the added value of industrial enterprises above a designated size increased by 5.2% year - on - year. From January to August, China's real estate development investment decreased by 12.9% year - on - year. US retail sales in August increased by 0.6% month - on - month, exceeding expectations. The Fed cut interest rates by 25 basis points as expected and emphasized the downward risk of employment [13]. - **Industry News Overview**: The Shanghai Futures Exchange would launch the bonded standard warehouse receipt trading of international copper varieties on September 19. The net long positions of COMEX copper increased. A small part of the Grasberg copper mine in Indonesia was still in operation after a mudslide accident. China's copper production increased slightly in August, and the production in September was expected to decline. The Shanghai Futures Exchange announced the listing benchmark price for the bonded standard warehouse receipt trading of international copper varieties [15]. 3.3 Spot and Futures Market and Positioning - **Premium and Discount**: At the beginning of the week, as it was the last trading day of the SHFE 2509 copper contract, the market's purchasing and sales sentiment declined. As copper prices rose, downstream purchasing sentiment was still poor, and the spot premium of Shanghai copper declined. Then, as copper prices fell approaching the weekend, purchasing sentiment increased, and the premium of Shanghai copper rose. The refined - scrap copper price difference narrowed slightly. The LME copper 0 - 3 maintained a stable discount, and the New York - London copper price difference changed little [18]. - **Domestic and Overseas Positions**: As of September 19, the trading volume of Shanghai copper futures was 73,378 lots per day on average during the week, a week - on - week increase of 3.91%. After the Fed's interest - rate cut, long - positions in Shanghai copper took profits and left the market. As of September 12, the net long positions of LME copper investment companies and credit institutions were 19,044.92 lots, a week - on - week decrease of 12.28%. As of September 16, the net long positions of COMEX copper asset management institutions were 42,097 lots, a week - on - week increase of 7.93%, and the net long positions of New York copper increased significantly [22]. 3.4 Fundamental Data - **Supply - side**: Similar to the supply - side content in "Main Viewpoints and Strategies", the spot rough smelting fee for copper concentrate remained at a low level, and the port inventory of copper concentrate was at a low level over the years. The production of electrolytic copper was expected to decrease in September [32]. - **Downstream Operating Rate**: The operating rate of refined copper rod enterprises increased slightly, but the growth of downstream orders was less than expected. The operating rate of copper tubes decreased, and the operating rate of copper foils increased [36]. - **Import and Export**: As of September 18, the Shanghai - London ratio of electrolytic copper was 8.01, and the ratio weakened during the week. The negative value of the spot copper import profit and loss narrowed slightly. In July, China's refined copper import volume was 296,900 tons, a year - on - year increase of 8.20%. In August, the import volume of unwrought copper and copper products was 425,100 tons, a year - on - year increase of 1.22% [40]. - **Inventory**: Similar to the inventory content in "Main Viewpoints and Strategies", the inventory of the Shanghai Futures Exchange and domestic copper social inventory increased, while the LME copper inventory decreased [48].

来源：前主编 北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储宣布，将联邦基金利率目标区间下调到4.00%至4.25%之间。 投资者确信美联储将在周三进行今年首次政策利率下调。近期数据支持适度降息，但美联储明智的做法 是避免暗示未来将进一步降息或果断转向宽松政策。就目前而言，数据过于混乱，不适合任何此类转 变，央行需要保持开放心态。 劳动力市场比美联储政策制定者上次开会时所认为的要更为疲软。近期的数据修正大幅下调了截至三月 份的年就业人数预估，而最新一周的初请失业金人数显示增加至26.3万人，为四年来的最高水平。这些 数字众所周知波动很大，但就业市场显然正在走弱。 这似乎需要强有力的货币刺激。问题在于，通胀尚未可靠地朝着美联储2%的目标迈进。八月份，剔除 食品和能源的消费者价格指数（即所谓的核心CPI）环比上涨0.3%，同比上涨3.1%。这与预期大致相 符，并未给投资者任何理由怀疑本周政策利率会被下调。但事实仍然是：高于目标的通胀顽固地拒绝回 落。 美联储继续假设，当前4.25%至4.5%的政策利率正在温和地抑制需求，足以在适当时候使通胀回归目 标。也许是这样。但再次强调，需要保持谨慎。中性利率——即既不增加也不减少需求的水平 ...

Group 1: Economic Context - The economic downturn is leading to increased difficulty in earning money and rising prices, with Beijing's housing prices increasing tenfold over the past 25 years [1] - Gold prices have reached a historical high of $3,674 per ounce, indicating a potential trend of economic instability over the next 23 years [1][6] Group 2: Silver Market Dynamics - Recent silver prices have surged, with spot silver surpassing $42 and futures nearing $43, driven by significant inventory changes and a shortage in the London market [3] - The New York Mercantile Exchange has seen a substantial increase in silver delivery since August 26, leading to a net inflow of silver and a supply shortage in London [3] - Silver prices have risen over 43% due to a combination of high physical delivery volumes in New York and a lack of available silver in London, compounded by a nearly 40% increase in silver ETF sizes this year [3][6] Group 3: Historical Price Trends - Historical analysis shows that gold prices have surged during economic instability, with a notable increase from $35 in 1971 to $850 in 1980, reflecting gold's role as a hedge against inflation [5] - Current gold prices, adjusted for inflation, exceed the 1980 peak, indicating gold's continued importance in uncertain economic times [6] Group 4: Future Outlook for Silver - Analysts suggest that unless a severe global economic depression occurs, the likelihood of a significant drop in silver prices is minimal, with potential for price increases in the next 4 to 7 months [7] - The ongoing structural deficit in silver production and consumption, along with rising demand from industries like electric vehicles and photovoltaics, supports a bullish outlook for silver prices [7][9]