在全球地缘政治局势方面，紧张局势仍在持续发酵。乌克兰方面宣称，俄罗斯发动了大规模空袭，这一事件对市场风险情绪构成了潜在扰动。在地缘政治冲 突不断升级的背景下，黄金作为传统的避险资产，其吸引力本应显著增强。然而，当前市场风险偏好因贸易谈判的乐观预期而有所改善，使得黄金的避险需 求在短期内未得到充分释放。但一旦地缘政治冲突进一步恶化，突破当前市场预期的范围，黄金价格可能会迅速获得强劲的上涨动力。 一位长期关注大宗商品领域的分析师指出："从近期黄金价格走势来看，其未能有效向上突破200小时均线，这一现象深刻反映出多头动能的不足。基于此， 短期内黄金价格倾向于进行整理，甚至存在进一步调整的可能性。"当前，黄金市场的走势受到多种复杂因素的综合影响，其中美联储未来的政策路径充满 不确定性，这在一定程度上限制了黄金价格的下跌空间。尽管此前公布的强劲就业数据在短期内对黄金价格构成利空，但CMEFedWatch工具所呈现的数据 显示，市场对于美联储在9月实施降息的概率预期仍然接近60%。这种对未来货币政策宽松的预期，使得投资者在一定程度上对黄金价格的下行持有谨慎态 度，为黄金价格提供了潜在支撑。 此外，美国长期存在的财政赤字问 ...

Core Viewpoint - Pakistan is expected to increase its defense spending while reducing its overall budget in the upcoming fiscal year, amidst economic growth initiatives and challenges from international obligations and tariffs [1] Group 1: Budget Overview - The government is likely to present a budget of 17.6 trillion rupees (approximately 62.45 billion USD) for the new fiscal year starting July 1, which represents a 6.7% decrease from the current fiscal year [1] - The projected fiscal deficit is expected to be 4.8% of GDP, with a target of 5.9% for the fiscal year 2024-25 [1] Group 2: Defense Spending - Analysts anticipate a 20% increase in the defense budget, which may be offset by cuts in research and development expenditures [1]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming $22 billion 30-year U.S. Treasury bond auction is drawing significant attention from global financial markets, as it will reflect the true demand for U.S. long-term debt amid widespread investor resistance to such securities [1][3]. Group 1: Market Sentiment and Auction Indicators - The auction results will serve as a critical gauge of market demand, with key indicators including the settlement yield difference from pre-auction trading levels and the bid-to-cover ratio [4]. - A recent $20 billion 20-year Treasury auction showed weak demand, leading to a rise in U.S. Treasury yields, with the highest awarded yield reaching 5.047%, approximately 1.2 basis points higher than the pre-auction rate [4]. - If the 30-year Treasury auction exhibits similar weak performance, it could heighten concerns about market demand and lead to a chain reaction affecting financing pressures [4]. Group 2: Challenges Facing Long-term Debt - The U.S. Treasury market is facing multiple challenges, including a significant decline in the share of foreign official investors, which has dropped from nearly 70% in 2012 to an estimated 40% by the end of 2024 [5]. - Political factors are increasingly influencing long-term bond demand, leading to a decoupling of long-term interest rates from monetary policy, making long-term bonds a less attractive option [5]. - The U.S. government is projected to add trillions to the budget deficit over the coming years due to tax and spending legislation, contributing to a vicious cycle of increasing debt and interest payments [5].

海外策略：稳步扩张 美国经济保持稳步扩张态势，美联储年内降息预期维持在2次（约50bp），降息终点预期维持在3.5%。 上周亚特兰大联储GDPNOW模型预测二季度美国实际GDP年化增速较前值回落0.8pct至3.8%，前期长端利率上 行的紧缩效应再度显现。个人消费增速降至2.6%，商品（3.3%）与服务（2.3%）均在放缓；私人投资（不含 库存）增速降至1.6%，主要来自地产（-0.9%）及建筑（-3.0%）分项的拖累。 失业率仍在上行，但斜率极缓。 周频首次申领失业金人数上行至24.7万，符合季节性水平。5月失业率较4月上 行0.05pct至4.24%，连续第3个月维持在4.2%左右。 市场对通胀的担忧亦在缓和。 Truflation日频通胀指数降至 1.84%，较前期高点回落26bp。 财政延续了"言语收缩，行为扩张"的基调。 尽管一直在进行各种缩减赤字的表态及尝试，但实际上财政赤字 仍在扩张。周频财政赤字额达到$1,275亿，继续超出季节性水平。2025财年美国赤字水平将继续处于高位。 基于货币政策"双目标"及经济、财政形势推演，美联储并无大幅调整政策的动机，我们维持年内降息不超2次 （50bp）判断， ...

海外市场周报 证券研究报告 | 海外市场周报 2025年06月09日 证券分析师 薛威 资格编号: S0120523080002 邮箱:xuewei@tebon.com.cn 谭诗吟 资格编号:S0120523070007 邮箱:tansy@tebon.com.cn 投资要点: ● 上周全球股市涨多跌少。韩国综合指数领涨全球主要市场。美股三大指数集体上 涨,纳指、标普 500和道指涨跌幅分别为+2.2%、+1.5%和+1.2%;欧洲市场三大 主要指数集体上涨;亚太地区涨多跌少,仅越南 VN30和日经 225 指数回调。 | 会议,有望带来好消息。特朗普在国内遭遇马斯克冲击、海外对日对欧谈判踌躇难 | | --- | | 进的背景下,做出一些让步与妥协来寻求共识的诉求预计将有所加强。 | | ● 策略应对:布局风偏走高,警惕波动加剧。在全球市场有望迎来中美首轮磋商利好 | | 的背景下,布局风险偏好走高的思路值得关注,但同时也应警惕可能的波动加剧带 | | 来的潜在风险。从大类资产角度看,权益类是最优选择,特别是中美双方的权益市 | | 场，受可能利好的推动最强,而固收类与商品类则相对左侧,美债布局机会佳,金 ...

Group 1: Market Overview - The market experienced a significant increase last week, with a weekly trading volume of 1,208.9 billion CNY, up by 114.9 billion CNY compared to the previous week[12] - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 1.13%, the Shenzhen Component Index by 1.42%, and the ChiNext Index by 2.32%[12] - The optimism surrounding US-China negotiations was reignited following a direct phone call between President Xi Jinping and President Trump, leading to a rapid appreciation of the RMB[2] Group 2: Monetary Policy and Economic Indicators - On June 6, the central bank conducted a 1 trillion CNY reverse repurchase operation, alleviating upward pressure on deposit rates, with the one-year deposit rate falling to approximately 1.67%[2] - The ADP employment figures for May were below expectations, but the non-farm payroll data released later exceeded expectations, indicating resilience in the job market[3] - The probability of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September slightly decreased to 50.7%[3] Group 3: Bond Market and Risks - The bond market saw a decline in yields, with the 10-year government bond yield down by 2 basis points, reflecting a comfortable liquidity environment[13] - The central bank's net withdrawal from the open market was 671.7 billion CNY, indicating a proactive approach to manage liquidity ahead of upcoming bond maturities[13] - Risks remain from potential deterioration in US-China trade relations and unexpected weakness in economic fundamentals[3]

Market Performance - Global stock markets showed a mixed performance last week, with the South Korean Composite Index leading gains among major markets[3] - The US stock indices collectively rose, with the Nasdaq, S&P 500, and Dow Jones increasing by +2.2%, +1.5%, and +1.2% respectively[3] - European markets also saw collective gains, while the Asia-Pacific region had mixed results, with only Vietnam's VN30 and Japan's Nikkei 225 indices experiencing pullbacks[3] Employment Data - The US added 139,000 jobs in May, with an unemployment rate holding steady at 4.2% for three consecutive months[3] - This job growth was better than market expectations but below the 12-month average increase of 149,000 jobs per month[3] - The ADP report indicated only 37,000 new jobs were created, significantly lower than the revised 60,000 from April and the market forecast of 110,000[3] Legislative Developments - The "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" passed the House with a narrow margin, raising concerns over increasing fiscal deficits in the US[3] - Elon Musk criticized the bill, leading to a public fallout with former President Trump, which caused significant volatility in Tesla's stock price[3] US-China Trade Talks - The first meeting of the US-China economic consultation mechanism is scheduled from June 8 to June 13, potentially improving market risk appetite[3] - The previous high-level talks in Geneva have set a foundation for deeper negotiations, with expectations for positive outcomes[3] Investment Strategy - Investors are advised to focus on equities, particularly in the US and China, as they are likely to benefit from potential positive news from trade talks[3] - Caution is advised regarding increased volatility, with fixed income and commodities being less favorable in the current environment[3] Risk Factors - Potential risks include unexpected inflation rebounds in overseas markets, weaker-than-expected global economic conditions, and geopolitical tensions escalating beyond expectations[3]

Group 1 - The core issue of Trump's tax reform is the potential for uncontrolled fiscal deficits, with the tax bill expected to reduce revenue by $3.7 trillion over the next decade and increase the federal deficit by $3 trillion [4][5] - The Senate is facing challenges in passing the tax reform bill, with some conservative Republican senators expressing opposition, which may lead to a difficult negotiation process [4][5] - The tax reform is part of Trump's broader agenda, which includes tax cuts, increased tariffs, and deregulation, with tax reform being the top priority [4][5] Group 2 - The U.S. job market is showing signs of moderation, with May non-farm payrolls adding 139,000 jobs, down from 147,000 in the previous month, indicating a slowing growth trend [1][2] - The Federal Reserve's stance on interest rates remains cautious, with internal disagreements on whether current inflation is transitory or structural, suggesting that rate cuts may not be imminent [2][3] - The ongoing trade negotiations between the U.S. and China are critical, with the Trump administration needing to make progress before tariff exemptions expire [6]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry and Company Involvement - The discussion primarily revolves around the U.S. economic landscape, focusing on tariffs, fiscal policies, and the proposed "One Big, Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA) [2][3][7]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Tariff Uncertainty**: The U.S. Court of International Trade recently blocked tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), but a federal appeals court temporarily reinstated them, indicating ongoing tariff drama [2][3]. 2. **OBBBA Fiscal Impact**: The OBBBA is projected to add approximately $3 trillion to the deficit over ten years, with potential increases up to $5.7 trillion due to Senate budget instructions [2][7][32]. 3. **Short-term Fiscal Thrust**: Economists predict a negligible fiscal boost from the OBBBA, estimating an increase in the adjusted primary deficit of less than $150 billion between FY25 and FY26, which is about 0.4% of GDP [2][32]. 4. **Debt Ceiling Concerns**: Treasury Secretary Bessent has warned that Congress will need to raise the debt ceiling by July, with the X-date estimated at August 13 [2][30]. 5. **Higher Tariff Projections**: Economists expect U.S. tariff levels to rise, settling in the 15-18% range, despite the recent court ruling [2][3][35]. 6. **Foreign Investment Taxation**: Proposed taxes under Section 899 could deter foreign investment by increasing income tax rates on foreign entities by 5 percentage points annually, potentially reaching a maximum of 20 percentage points [2][39]. 7. **Impact on U.S. Assets**: The new tax provisions may reduce the attractiveness of U.S. assets for international investors, raising concerns about compliance burdens for foreign corporations [39][40]. Additional Important Content 1. **Legislative Process of OBBBA**: The OBBBA narrowly passed the House and is expected to face modifications in the Senate, with a realistic target for full passage by the August recess [7][8]. 2. **Amendments to Secure Votes**: Last-minute changes to the OBBBA were made to secure votes from conservative factions, including adjustments to Medicaid work requirements and clean energy tax credits [13][14]. 3. **Concerns from Republican Senators**: Several Republican senators have expressed concerns regarding Medicaid cuts and the proposed sunset dates for clean energy tax credits, which could impact future investments [28][29]. 4. **Excise Tax on Remittances**: The bill includes a 3.5% excise tax on remittance transfers by non-citizens, expected to raise approximately $22.2 billion in revenue from 2025 to 2034 [40]. 5. **Long-term Fiscal Outlook**: The overall fiscal outlook remains uncertain, with elevated deficits expected to persist, despite some anticipated savings from employment reductions [35][36]. This summary encapsulates the critical points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the ongoing economic challenges and legislative developments impacting the U.S. market.

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant impact of the Trump administration's tariff policies on the U.S. economy, highlighting the multifaceted use of tariffs as a tool to address various domestic economic and social issues, including trade deficits, social inequality, national security, government debt, illegal immigration, and drug abuse [2][20]. Tariff Policy and Economic Impact - The effective tariff rate in the U.S. rose to 28.4% before decreasing to 15.5% after progress in U.S.-China talks, still significantly higher than 2.4% in 2024, marking the highest level in nearly a century [6][11]. - Tariffs are viewed as a negative supply shock with "stagflation" effects, potentially leading to inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy, although the current inflation is expected to be more structural and one-time rather than indicative of overheating [3][27]. - The uncertainty surrounding tariff policies is causing businesses to delay investments and reduce hiring, contributing to downward pressure on economic activity [3][33]. Currency Valuation - The tariffs have unexpectedly led to a depreciation of the U.S. dollar, as investors perceive the high tariffs to be more harmful to the U.S. economy than to other countries, prompting a shift away from dollar assets [3][38]. - Concerns about potential strategies to devalue the dollar, similar to historical events like the Smith Agreement and Plaza Accord, are present, but the article suggests that active devaluation is not the baseline scenario [3][40]. Fiscal Policy and Tariffs - Tariffs function as a form of tax that can be passed on to consumers, acting as a "hidden consumption tax," which may help alleviate some deficit pressures but raises concerns about the high levels of government debt [4][45]. - The "One Big Beautiful Bill" proposed by the House aims to make tax cuts permanent while also cutting welfare spending, reflecting a functional fiscal approach that may limit inflationary pressures [4][49]. Economic Forecast - The U.S. economy is expected to experience "slowing growth and phase-in inflation" in the second half of 2025, with core CPI inflation projected to rise from 2.9% in Q2 to 3.5% in Q4 [6][58]. - Real GDP growth for 2025 is forecasted to decline to 2.0%, with further slowing in domestic demand indicators [6][58]. - The Federal Reserve is anticipated to delay interest rate cuts until Q4 2025, with a potential reduction of 25 basis points [6][59]. Trade Negotiations and Future Tariff Policies - Future tariff negotiations may focus on expanding U.S. exports and reducing trade barriers from other countries, with a possibility of maintaining a 10% base tariff as a revenue-generating measure [20][21]. - Tariffs related to illegal immigration and fentanyl may be lifted if substantial progress is made by other countries in addressing these issues [22][23]. - The article emphasizes that Trump's tariff policies reflect a broader trend of re-evaluating globalization and are likely to become institutionalized as part of his administration's strategy [23].