关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、李欣越、王茂宇、赵宇 联系人 | 李欣越 大类资产&海外事件&数据：美日关税协议达成，发达市场多数上涨 发达市场延续上涨，焦煤大幅上行。 当周，标普500上涨1.5%，日经225上涨4.1%；10Y美债收益率下行 4.0bp至4.4%；美元指数下跌0.8%至97.67，离岸人民币升值至7.1681；WTI原油下跌3.2%至65.2美元/桶， COMEX黄金下跌0.6%至3329.1美元/盎司。 美国与日本、印尼、菲律宾三国敲定贸易协定。 日本方面，美国将对日本征收15%关税，低于此前威胁 的25%。日本承诺向美国投资5500 亿美元。印尼方面，美国将对印尼征收19%关税，低于此前威胁的 25%。菲律宾方面，美方将原定的20%关税降至19%。 美国7月Markit制造业PMI回落，欧央行维持利率不变。 美国7月Markit制造业PMI为49.5，市场预期 52.7，关税对于美国工业生产的扰动仍然存在。欧央行7月会议维持利率不变，符合市场预期，主因通胀 回到目标，经济表现符合预期。关注下周7月美联储FOMC例会。 风险提示 摘要 地缘政治冲突升级；美国经济放缓 ...

Group 1 - Silver prices experienced a sharp decline, hitting a low of $38.94 per ounce, marking the second consecutive day of decrease, although the overall trend remains strong [1] - The anticipated tariff agreement between the EU and the US is expected to reduce the safe-haven demand for silver, while trade negotiations between China, India, South Korea, and the US continue [1] - Concerns regarding the independence of the Federal Reserve have eased, further diminishing the demand for silver [1] Group 2 - The UK government recorded its second-highest monthly borrowing since 1993 in June, driven by debt interest pressures from inflation, which may lead to increased taxes in the autumn budget, posing risks to economic growth [2] - Despite these challenges, the British pound remains favored in the market due to expectations that the Bank of England will initiate a rate cut cycle in August, with several institutions predicting a 25 basis point reduction [2] - The US dollar showed little reaction to the trade agreement with Japan, with the dollar index hovering around 97.45, close to a two-week low, as the market awaits the release of the US July PMI data [2] Group 3 - Peace talks between Russia and Ukraine have gained international attention, with a brief meeting in Istanbul yielding some progress on prisoner exchanges, but significant divisions remain on key issues like ceasefire conditions [3] - The likelihood of an EU-US trade agreement before the August 1 deadline appears slim, increasing investor caution amid widespread trade tensions, which continue to support gold's safe-haven appeal [3] - The average effective tariff rate in the US has surged to 22.5%, the highest since 1909, contributing to a 2.7% year-on-year increase in the consumer price index (CPI) in June, raising concerns about inflation and economic growth prospects [3] Group 4 - The recent agreement between the US and Japan, along with the nearing 15% tariff agreement between the US and EU, has led to a cooling of domestic commodity sentiment, with silver prices experiencing fluctuations [4] - Despite the cooling sentiment, silver prices still show support, indicating a generally strong outlook, with specific trading ranges suggested for silver operations [4] - The market is advised to be cautious with bullish positions on silver, particularly around the $39.5 resistance level, while monitoring key support levels [4]

认为下次加息在10月的受访者比例从30%微升至32%，预计1月行动的比例也从34%小幅增至36%。总体来看，近80%的受访者预计明年1月前会有动作。 调查显示，所有56位经济学家均预测行长植田和男领导的政策委员会将在7月31日结束的为期两天的会议上维持基准利率0.5%不变。 根据在美国总统特朗普宣布美日贸易协议前进行的调查，日本央行观察人士普遍预计当局将在10月或1月上调基准利率。 随着关税前景明朗，下周日本央行会议焦点将转向季度经济展望报告。鉴于今年通胀率持续保持在3%及以上，市场普遍预期央行将上调物价展望，并修正 物价增长风险平衡评估。 凯投宏观亚太区主管马塞尔.蒂利安特指出："通胀远超日本央行5月预测。尽管需要上调本财年通胀预期，但关键在于是否维持2026财年的悲观预测，并仍 认为存在下行风险。" 植田和男主持政策辩论之际，石破茂领导的自民党在周日参议院选举中遭遇历史性挫败，导致执政联盟在参众两院均失去多数席位。 没有受访者认为选举结果会促使提前加息。约35%认为会推迟加息，近同等比例认为属中性因素。 10月和1月仍是日本央行加息的最佳时机 特朗普宣布将日本商品的全面关税税率设定为15%，低于原定8月1 ...

在7月20日举行的日本第27届参议院选举中，由自民党和公明党构成的执政联盟失去了参议院过半数议 席，仅获得46席，即便加上非改选议席，总计也只有121席，未达到参议院248个总议席过半所需的124 席。这是自民党自1955年成立以来，首次在国会众参两院都未能占据过半数席位。 尽管日本首相石破茂表达了继续执政的意愿，但鉴于执政联盟缺乏多数席位，若不与一个或多个在野党 合作，其政策将很难维持连贯性，这对日本经济极为不利。尤为关键的是，新一届政府在对美贸易谈判 方面将会遭遇波折，或难以说服足够数量的立法者支持其与美国达成的任何协议，特别是当该协议涉及 农业或汽车等敏感领域的让步时。 7月21日，日本股市因假日休市。当日，日元对美元盘初一度上涨0.7%，最高涨至147.79，不过随后回 吐部分涨幅至148.48，之后再度拉升至147.80附近，充分体现出政治不确定性对日元走势造成的影响。 经历了4月的大幅下跌行情后，日本股市出现了显著回升的态势。特别是在7月22日，日经225指数相较 于4月所创下的低点大幅反弹了29%。然而，目前日本股市的涨势已趋于缓和，正处于新一轮行情走向 的关键节点。 一方面，海外资金持续不断地 ...

日本央行副行长内田真一：财政扩张可能会支撑经济。 ...

Group 1 - The report highlights that the global stock market experienced a rapid rebound in Q2 2023, with US and German stocks reaching historical highs, but there are concerns about potential significant pullbacks in Q3 due to high sentiment and valuation levels [6][8][10] - The rebound since April 2023 is primarily attributed to the recovery of expectations following Trump's TACO, with PE valuation recovery being a major contributor, alongside a decline in ERP and upward revisions in EPS [6][8] - The report notes that the liquidity shock in US Treasury bonds in summer 2023 led to significant pressure on risk assets, with the issuance scale exceeding market expectations and Fitch downgrading US debt ratings [8][10] Group 2 - In summer 2024, a rise in unemployment triggered recession expectations, leading to a reversal of carry trades and liquidity shocks in the market, with the US CPI falling below expectations and impacting bond yields [16][19] - The report indicates that the potential economic recession pressure is a major concern for the market, with the performance of tech stocks and consumer stocks being closely monitored [16][19] - The report emphasizes that the AI industry's revenue is meeting expectations, but traditional business performance is slowing down, affecting profit margins [16][19] Group 3 - The report identifies three potential risks for global risk assets in the second half of 2025, including the gradual realization of previously ignored tariff impacts, the rising risk of interest rates due to fiscal expansion, and the uncertainty stemming from Trump's policy shifts [21][22][32] - The microeconomic impacts of tariffs are expected to become more evident in corporate earnings reports, particularly regarding how companies manage the costs associated with tariffs [22][25] - The report discusses the implications of fiscal expansion in the US and Japan, highlighting the potential for increased fiscal deficits and the challenges posed by reliance on short-term debt financing [32][34]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The discussion primarily revolves around the Japanese economy and its currency, the yen, in the context of recent political developments and economic challenges [1][3][5]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Economic Stagnation and Inflation Risks**: Japan is facing stagflation risks due to external trade war pressures and rising domestic food prices, particularly affecting the export of transportation equipment due to high tariffs, which has weakened overall export data and reduced residents' purchasing power [1][3]. - **Political Landscape**: Following the recent Senate elections, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) lost its majority, leading to a mismatch in government power and legislative authority. This has raised concerns about fiscal discipline, as the opposition advocates for fiscal expansion and tax cuts, while the ruling party is cautious about increasing debt levels [1][3][4]. - **Monetary Policy Normalization**: The Bank of Japan's move towards normalizing monetary policy has resulted in rising long-term Japanese government bond yields, compounded by high U.S. bond yields, which exacerbates Japan's debt issues and raises market concerns about fiscal management [1][5]. - **Short-term Outlook for Yen Assets**: Yen assets are expected to remain under pressure in the short term due to weak economic fundamentals, stalled U.S.-Japan trade negotiations, and internal political instability. A recovery in market risk appetite is contingent on the resolution of election-related uncertainties and clarity on tax reduction policies [1][3][4]. - **Structural Opportunities in Specific Sectors**: Despite the overall economic challenges, there are structural investment opportunities in sectors such as high-end manufacturing, particularly semiconductors and communication equipment, which are expected to perform well due to policy support [1][6][8]. Additional Important Content - **Military Spending**: Japan's military spending has reached a historical high in the new fiscal year, which could benefit domestic stocks if the opposition pushes for tax cuts. This increase in military expenditure is also a factor to consider in the broader economic context [1][6]. - **Impact of Political Risks on Currency**: The yen's performance is influenced by multiple factors, including internal political risks and debt constraints. While there are concerns about long-term credit risks if the opposition promotes fiscal stimulus, the current political risks are deemed limited, reducing the likelihood of significant currency depreciation [2][7][9]. - **High-end Manufacturing Investment**: The ruling party's cautious fiscal approach does not extend to high-end manufacturing, where there is active investment, indicating potential growth in this sector despite broader economic weaknesses [8]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the challenges and opportunities within the Japanese economy and its currency dynamics.

Core Viewpoint - The political turmoil in Japan is causing significant ripples in the financial markets, with concerns about the country's fiscal outlook intensifying following the ruling coalition's defeat in the House of Councillors election [1]. Group 1: Political Developments - Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba's ruling coalition suffered losses in the recent elections, leading to increased calls within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) for his resignation [1][8]. - Several LDP members have publicly demanded Ishiba step down, indicating a loss of support following two election defeats [1][9]. - The LDP is facing its weakest parliamentary position in 70 years, having lost majority seats in both houses, which raises concerns about the party's future leadership [9][10]. Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the election results, the Japanese bond market showed signs of weakness, with prices of 20-year and 40-year government bonds declining and yields rising by 1 and 4 basis points respectively [1][6]. - The Japanese yen depreciated approximately 0.2% against the US dollar, trading at 147.7, while the stock market also faced pressure [1][5]. Group 3: Economic Implications - Analysts warn of a potential "triple decline" scenario for the yen, bonds, and stocks due to political uncertainty, which could lead to higher bond yields as Ishiba may need to make fiscal concessions to appease opposition parties and voters [5][7]. - The weak performance of the bond market reflects investor concerns over government fiscal expansion, with expectations of a steepening yield curve, particularly for long-term bonds [6][10]. - The ongoing political instability may hinder Japan's ability to effectively negotiate in international trade discussions, particularly with the US, which has threatened to impose tariffs on Japanese exports [7][10].

Core Viewpoint - The results of the Japanese House of Councillors election are expected to have a limited impact on the domestic stock market, according to Morgan Stanley's global market strategy team [1] Group 1: Market Impact - Concerns regarding fiscal expansion and delays in the US-Japan tariff agreement exist, but the stock market remains stable due to corporate reforms and capital inflows [1] - The overall market is supported by domestic demand stocks, particularly in sectors such as IT services, telecommunications, retail, food, and banking [1] Group 2: Political Landscape - There is uncertainty regarding the extent to which the ruling coalition will adopt the policy proposals of opposition parties in the long term, given the unclear political situation [1]

Core Viewpoint - The recent defeat of Japan's ruling party in the House of Councillors election has led to a cautious but stable reaction in the yen exchange rate, with market participants remaining vigilant about potential future depreciation due to fiscal expansion and high tariffs from the U.S. [1][3] Group 1: Election Impact on Yen - The ruling coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party and Komeito failed to secure a majority in the House of Councillors, which has raised concerns about the government's ability to pass legislation and budgets without relying on opposition parties [3][4] - Despite the ruling party's loss, the market reaction was relatively calm as the defeat was not as severe as anticipated, leading to some short-term buying of yen [3][4] Group 2: Fiscal Policy Concerns - The main opposition party, the Constitutional Democratic Party, has proposed expanding subsidies and temporarily reducing the food-related tax rate from 8% to 0%, which could lead to increased fiscal spending [3][4] - The likelihood of fiscal expansion is increasing, raising concerns about "malicious interest rate hikes" and potential long-term depreciation of the yen, with forecasts suggesting it could weaken to 150 yen per dollar [4][5] Group 3: Tariff Negotiations and Market Sentiment - Upcoming negotiations regarding a potential 25% tariff on Japanese imports are causing additional anxiety in the market, as Japan may struggle to secure favorable terms [4][5] - The uncertainty surrounding the political landscape and the potential for a no-confidence motion in the minority government could exacerbate market tensions [5]