"' 狼 ' 已经逼近家门口 " "大而美"法案难解美国政府债台高筑的困局，导致市场对此并不买账。市场上，美债抛售压力挥之难去，收益率居高难下。 【环球时报报道 记者 倪浩】"我认为一项法案可以规模庞大，也可以很美，但我觉得它很难两者兼得。"美国哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）28日引述 美国亿万富翁马斯克在接受专访时的话报道称，他对此前在众议院通过并得到特朗普支持的"大而美"税收与支出法案（下称"大而美"法案）感 到"很失望"，称其破坏了"政府效率部"（DOGE）团队的工作。该言论引发媒体对马斯克与特朗普的关系，以及美国债务问题的广泛关注。当 前"大而美"法案仍在"难产"中，法案本身的错综复杂和美国内部的严重分歧，进一步增加了法案落地的难度，也使得美国债务上限问题久拖不 决，美债持续震荡。 美国众议院上周以一票优势惊险通过"大而美"法案，接下来该法案提交参议院进行投票。英国《金融时报》报道称，尽管"大而美"法案削减了一 些财政开支，但仍遭到"赤字鹰派"（通常强硬主张通过一系列措施减少财政赤字——编者注）强烈批评。据估计，该法案将在未来十年内增加美 国国债负担逾3.3万亿美元。而马斯克长期以来一直声称，如果赤字不减 ...

共和党温和派与财政鹰派料将继续就削减赤字的幅度问题进行角力。这份直接影响美国所有纳税人和美企 财务状况、美国联邦政府债务规模和2026年中期选举风向的法案，能否如特朗普所愿于7月4日美国国庆 日之前在国会通过，仍然存在诸多不确定性。 中金公司预测，参议院可能在6月对"美丽大法案"进行投票，最终修改版有望按照特朗普的预期，在7月4 日美国国庆日前完成立法。这部集减税、减支、抬高美债上限、国防和移民政策于一体的法案可能大幅增 加未来10年美国财政赤字规模。中长期来看，面对国内贫富分化、再工业化等结构性问题和全球地缘竞 争，美国大概率不具备有效削减赤字的客观条件。从短期来看，债务上限提高后，美债发行潮可能在7-9 月到来，或迫使美国加快货币与金融政策调整，如开启QE、加速SLR豁免及其他金融改革，为美债市场 提供流动性。 华泰证券指出，"美丽大法案"将导致美国财政赤字率维持高位，政府债务占比将进一步攀升，因此维持美 债收益率中期面临上行压力的判断。未来美国政府债务占比或从当前100%左右上升至2034年的125%。 美国政府债务压力上升，加之关税扰动削弱美债吸引力，对持有美债占比达30%的海外投资者需求偏弱， 全球 ...

Group 1 - The core driver of the recent volatility in the US Treasury market is the US tax reduction bill and the weak demand for Japanese bonds, leading to significant increases in Treasury yields in May [2][3][7] - The 10-year Treasury yield rose by 37 basis points since April 30, with the term premium contributing 28 basis points to this increase, indicating heightened concerns over fiscal sustainability and inflation [10][69] - The term premium for US Treasuries reached a new high of 0.9% by May 22, reflecting disturbances in fiscal, inflation, monetary, and trading factors [10][69] Group 2 - The "Beautiful America Act" aims to extend tax cuts from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), with an expected increase in the deficit rate by approximately 1.8 percentage points by 2026, despite limited marginal economic contributions [3][29][40] - The Act's passage faces uncertainty in the Senate, where the Republican majority is slim, and potential amendments could require further voting in the House [3][29] - The Act includes significant tax cuts, with 80% of the measures extending existing cuts and 20% introducing new cuts, but the overall economic impact is expected to be limited, similar to the effects of tax extensions in 2010 and 2012 [33][40][41] Group 3 - The relationship between the US fiscal deficit and Treasury yields remains stable, with a 1 percentage point increase in the deficit correlating to a rise of approximately 78 basis points in the 10-year Treasury yield [4][47] - Short-term pressures on the Treasury market have eased, with positive net inflows into bond funds in May, indicating a temporary reduction in systemic pressure [49][50] - Long-term, Treasury yields are expected to remain elevated due to potential unanticipated deficit expansions and ongoing trade policy uncertainties [60][70]

文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、赵宇 联系人 | 赵宇 摘要 美债利率异常波动的核心驱动事件是美国减税法案及日债需求走弱。 在二者的影响下，美债利率5月份 出现三次大幅异常上升。从根源上看，此次美债下跌源自减税引发的债务可持续担忧，但5月20日，日债 拍卖走弱大幅加速了美债利率上涨，导致美债与美元走势明显分化。 美债期限溢价升至新高，反应了财政、通胀、货币和交易的扰动。 美债期限溢价去年10月转正，至5月 22日升至0.9%，成为影响利率走势的主导因素。4月30日以来，10年美债利率上升37BP，其中期限溢价 上升28BP，短端实际利率预期上涨11BP，期限溢价贡献达七成。 （二）《美丽大法案》的进展及争议？2026年赤字率或挑战8%，但对经济的边际贡献有限 共和党在参议院仅有三个席位优势，《美丽大法案》能否按期通过存在不确定性。 法案现已递交参议 院，各委员会或在6月上旬进行审议，6月中旬前后举行全体投票。若参议院对法案进行较大修改，需众 议院再次投票、或与参院"协调"消除分歧——集中在医疗补助、SALT领域。 法案以延续TCJA减税为主体，经济影响可类比2010年奥巴马延长减税政策，增量提振效果或较为有限。 延长现 ...

Group 1 - The core driver of the recent volatility in the US Treasury market is the US tax reduction bill and the weak demand for Japanese bonds, leading to significant increases in Treasury yields in May [2][3][7] - The 10-year Treasury yield rose by 37 basis points since April 30, with the term premium contributing 28 basis points to this increase, indicating heightened concerns over fiscal sustainability and inflation [10][69] - The term premium for US Treasuries reached a new high of 0.9% by May 22, reflecting disturbances in fiscal, inflation, monetary, and trading factors [10][69] Group 2 - The "Beautiful America Act" aims to extend tax cuts from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), with an expected increase in the deficit rate by approximately 1.8 percentage points by 2026, despite the limited marginal economic contribution [3][29][40] - The Act's passage faces uncertainty in the Senate, where the Republican majority is slim, and potential modifications could require further voting in the House [3][29] - The Act is projected to significantly increase the US fiscal deficit, with an estimated deficit increase of around $3.3 trillion over ten years, which cannot be offset by the anticipated $2.5 trillion in new tariffs [3][40] Group 3 - The relationship between the US fiscal deficit and Treasury yields remains stable, with a 1 percentage point increase in the deficit correlating to a rise of approximately 78 basis points in the 10-year Treasury yield [4][47] - Short-term pressures on the Treasury market have eased, with positive net inflows into bond funds in May, indicating a temporary reduction in systemic pressure [49][50] - Long-term, Treasury yields are expected to remain elevated, influenced by potential unanticipated deficit expansions and ongoing trade policy uncertainties [60][70]

Q： 请问重阳投资， 如何看待美国减税法案草案 ？ A： 为兑现特朗普减税的政治承诺，5月12日美国众议院筹款委员会（House Ways & Means Committee）正式公布了特朗普减税法案的草案（即 The One, Big, Beautiful Bill），同日 能源和商务委员会也公布了削减医疗补助计划（Medicaid）支出的草案。目前草案已进入预算 协调流程，5月18日在众议院预算委员会通过，共和党正计划推动法案在阵亡将士纪念日（5月 26日）前通过众议院全体投票，以满足特朗普独立日前（7月4日）正式落地立法的要求。 若草案内容全部落实，美国财政赤字将再度大幅攀升。 减税草案的主要内容包括将特朗普第一任 期的税改法案（即Tax Cut and Jobs Act，TCJA）永久化，提高州和地方税抵扣额度，取消小费税、 加班税和汽车贷款税等，同时通过削减医疗补助计划、废除电动车和新能源税收抵扣等来削减开 支。根据Tax Foundation的动态估算，尽管包括1万亿美元的支出削减，该草案未来十年仍将在当前 美国2万亿赤字的基础上额外增加赤字3.3万亿美元。如果考虑到该草案前置减税措施却后置减支措 ...

对于近期行情涨涨跌跌，反反复复，多空转换频繁，很多投资朋友们都措手不及，或不知从何下手，一买进就跌，出场就涨，来来回回连续损单，其实这是 很多新手朋友们都会出现的情况，在这里告诉大家，做交易首先不要频繁去操作，其次要对行情需要有一个精准的把控，坚持自己的交易系统，当然这些对 一些新手朋友来说都是空谈，毕竟才入市并没有严格的交易计划，大多数都是追涨杀跌从而导致严重亏损，如果此时此刻看到文章的你也是这样的情况，那 么可以咨询本人沟通交流一下，可以帮你指出做单中所有的问题，这样可以让你在交易的过程中少走弯路。 黄金最新行情趋势分析： 黄金消息面解析：周四（5月22日）现货黄金在触及近两周高位3345美元区域后出现技术性回撤，目前美盘时段围绕3300美元附近震荡整理。尽管美元指数 的温和反弹给金价带来一定下行压力，但市场对美联储进一步降息的预期以及对美国财政赤字不断恶化的担忧，为非收益性的黄金资产提供了重要支撑。当 前黄金市场环境，美元疲软、地缘政治风险和经济不确定性三大支撑因素短期内难以消退。特别是美国财政赤字货币化的长期趋势和中东局势的潜在恶化风 险，都可能成为推动金价进一步上涨的催化剂。不过也需警惕如果美国经济 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Treasury issued $16 billion in 20-year bonds with a yield of 5.047%, reflecting weak demand for U.S. debt and forcing rates higher to attract investors [2] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that Trump's proposed spending bill could increase public debt by $3.3 trillion by FY 2034, raising the annual deficit to $2.9 trillion, which is 6.9% of GDP [3] - Moody's downgraded the U.S. bond credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing rising public debt and interest payments, with warnings that the debt-to-GDP ratio could rise from 100% in 2024 to 125% by 2035 [7] Group 2 - The unpredictability of Trump's policies and the risk of expanding the fiscal deficit have led investors to shy away from long-term bonds, pushing yields higher and bond prices lower [7][8] - The recent auction of 20-year bonds faced weak demand, further undermining market confidence [9] - The U.S. stock market also experienced significant sell-offs, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropping 1.91% and the Nasdaq and S&P 500 indices falling 1.41% and 1.61%, respectively [12] Group 3 - The ongoing issue of the U.S. fiscal deficit is unlikely to be resolved in the short term, with both parties contributing to its expansion [14] - The combination of rising interest rates and cost increases due to tariffs may exert pressure on U.S. economic growth, potentially leading to stagflation risks [14] - The recent bond auction may be seen as a critical moment for the market, but it could also be just the beginning of increased volatility in capital markets [14]

Report Industry Investment Ratings No industry investment ratings are provided in the report. Core Views of the Report - The financial market is affected by multiple factors such as US fiscal deficits, trade policies, and geopolitical tensions. The stock and bond markets in the US show signs of instability, and gold has attracted inflow of bottom - fishing funds. - In the commodity market, different commodities have different trends. For example, the prices of some agricultural products are affected by weather and supply - demand relationships, while the prices of some metals and energy chemicals are influenced by factors like production, inventory, and trade policies. Summary by Directory 1. Financial News and Comments 1.1 Macro Strategy (Gold) - The EU is expected to share a revised trade proposal with the US, aiming to boost negotiations. The US Treasury auctioned $16 billion of 20 - year Treasury bonds, with poor auction results. - Gold prices are oscillating and showing strength. Tensions in the Middle East, poor 20 - year Treasury bond auction data, and the downgrade of the US sovereign credit rating have led to inflows of bottom - fishing funds. Gold is expected to remain oscillating in the short term [9][10]. 1.2 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - Dollar Index) - A measure of the dollar's performance has fallen to a one - month low. Traders are waiting for the G - 7 meeting to see if the Trump administration seeks a weaker dollar. - Trump claims that the tax - cut bill is close to passing, but there is still opposition. Rising US Treasury yields and concerns about deficits have led to a weakening of the dollar index. The dollar is expected to be weak in the short term [11][13]. 1.3 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - The Ministry of Commerce responded to the US's attempt to ban Chinese advanced computing chips globally, stating that it is a unilateral and protectionist act. Shanghai plans to implement a consumer goods trade - in program, and eight departments jointly issued measures to support small and micro - enterprise financing. - The market is differentiated, with more structural and thematic opportunities. It is recommended to have a balanced allocation [15][17]. 1.4 Macro Strategy (US Stock Index Futures) - The 20 - year Treasury bond auction was dismal, and the House Speaker Johnson announced an agreement on the state and local tax deduction cap. - Concerns about the sustainability of US government debt are hard to dispel in the short term. Long - term interest rates will suppress US stocks, which are expected to be weak and oscillating [19][21]. 1.5 Macro Strategy (Treasury Bond Futures) - The central bank conducted a 7 - day reverse repurchase operation of 157 billion yuan, with a net injection of 65 billion yuan. - Treasury bond futures are oscillating narrowly. It is recommended to focus on the strategy of laying out medium - term long positions on dips [22]. 2. Commodity News and Comments 2.1 Agricultural Products (Soybean Meal) - On May 21, the actual成交 volume of imported soybeans at the auction was 85,606 tons, with a成交 rate of 32.1%. The market anticipates that the USDA's weekly export sales report will show a net increase of 19 - 700,000 tons in US soybean exports. - Argentine precipitation affects soybean harvests, and US soybean planting progress is slow, causing CBOT soybeans to rise. However, the increase is expected to be limited. Domestic soybean meal prices have been slightly adjusted upwards. Soybean meal futures are expected to oscillate, and attention should be paid to US soybean growing areas' weather and the 25/26 balance sheet adjustment [23][26]. 2.2 Black Metals (Rebar/HRC) - In April 2025, China's air - conditioner production increased year - on - year, while refrigerator and TV production decreased. From May 1 - 18, the retail sales of passenger cars increased year - on - year. - Steel prices are oscillating, and the market sentiment is cautious. With weak domestic real - estate and infrastructure demand, uncertain manufacturing demand, and potential external demand risks, steel prices are expected to continue oscillating in the near future. It is recommended to hold light positions in the short term [27][29]. 2.3 Agricultural Products (Sugar) - India's sugar domestic sales quota in May 2025 is 2.35 million tons, the same as last month. Brazil's sugar and molasses exports in the first three weeks of May decreased year - on - year. China's syrup and premix imports in April decreased year - on - year. - International sugar trade supply - demand is expected to loosen, and the global sugar supply - demand may turn to surplus in the 25/26 season. Zhengzhou sugar is expected to oscillate in the short term, and attention should be paid to the weather in major producing countries and Brazil's sugar - pressing data [30][34]. 2.4 Black Metals (Coking Coal/Coke) - The coking coal market in East China is weakly stable. Coal mines have stable production, but downstream procurement is negative. The coking coal futures are oscillating downward, and the supply is excessive. The first round of coke price cuts has been implemented. - Coking coal is expected to be bearish in the short and medium term, and coke is expected to oscillate weakly [35][36]. 2.5 Non - Ferrous Metals (Alumina) - The overall progress of the Guangxi Beihai green ecological aluminum project has exceeded 90%, and it is expected to be completed and put into operation in the third quarter of this year. - The alumina spot price has increased, and the Guinea ore disturbance has led to increased short - term fluctuations in the market. It is recommended to wait and see [37]. 2.6 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lead) - On May 20, the LME 0 - 3 lead was at a discount of $24.07 per ton. In April, lead concentrate imports increased year - on - year. Recycled lead smelters have cut waste battery purchase prices due to losses. - The lead industry has high finished - product inventories and weak terminal demand. There is a risk of a squeeze in the overseas market. Lead prices are expected to oscillate weakly in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see and focus on potential internal - external positive arbitrage opportunities [39][42]. 2.7 Non - Ferrous Metals (Zinc) - From January to April, the cumulative export volume of galvanized sheets increased year - on - year. On May 20, the LME 0 - 3 zinc was at a discount of $29.83 per ton. - Zinc prices are oscillating widely. The near - strong and far - weak pattern remains unchanged, and the social inventory inflection point may be gradually confirmed. It is recommended to short at high levels on a medium - term basis for unilateral trading and focus on positive arbitrage opportunities [43][45]. 2.8 Non - Ferrous Metals (Polysilicon) - The US plans to impose high tariffs on Southeast Asian solar equipment. There has been an increase in warehouse receipts, and leading enterprises are maintaining price - holding strategies, while second - and third - tier enterprises have cut prices. - The polysilicon market is affected by news, and the supply - demand situation is complex. It is recommended to focus on positive arbitrage opportunities after price corrections [46][48]. 2.9 Non - Ferrous Metals (Industrial Silicon) - An organic silicon new material and additive project with an annual output of 40,000 tons is in the environmental impact assessment public - notice stage. - Industrial silicon prices have been falling. Some small factories plan to cut production, while some silicon factories in Sichuan may resume production. With weak demand, the market is not optimistic. It is not recommended to go long on the left side, and short positions can be held [49][50]. 2.10 Non - Ferrous Metals (Copper) - The LME has approved the addition of three warehousing facilities in Hong Kong. China's copper production in April increased slightly month - on - month. Antofagasta has started mid - year negotiations with Chinese and Japanese smelters. - The US dollar index may be under pressure, which supports copper prices, but the short - term weakening of the fundamentals may suppress copper prices. Copper prices are expected to oscillate at high levels. It is recommended to conduct band trading [51][54]. 2.11 Non - Ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - Argentina has approved a $2.5 billion lithium mine project by Rio Tinto. Argentina's lithium carbonate exports in April were 8,066.71 tons. - The long - term logic of oversupply and falling cost support in the lithium carbonate market remains unchanged. The market is expected to be unstable before the improvement of spot and downstream orders. It is recommended to control short - position sizes and pay attention to supply - side disturbances [55][57]. 2.12 Non - Ferrous Metals (Nickel) - On May 21, LME nickel inventory decreased by 312 tons compared to the previous day. - LME and SHFE nickel inventories are slightly decreasing. Nickel prices are oscillating. The NPI - to - high - ice - nickel profit has opened, and the supply of pure nickel may increase marginally. It is recommended to focus on short - term band trading and medium - term long - position opportunities on dips [58][59]. 2.13 Energy Chemicals (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) - On May 21, the spot price of civil LPG in Shandong was stable. The US C3 inventory has been accumulating, and the Far - East import willingness has been partially suppressed. - The LPG market is weak, and the futures are expected to oscillate weakly [60][64]. 2.14 Energy Chemicals (Crude Oil) - The EIA data shows that the US commercial crude oil inventory increased in the week ending May 16. - Oil prices are falling. With rising inventory, stable production, and low downstream inventory, there is a high risk of a further decline in oil prices in the absence of effective upward drivers [65][66]. 2.15 Energy Chemicals (PTA) - The PTA spot price has increased, and the spot basis has stabilized. - PTA futures are oscillating. With supply - side disturbances and strong demand, the PTA valuation has been repaired, but it has corrected recently due to demand - side rumors. It is expected to oscillate and adjust in the short term [67][68]. 2.16 Energy Chemicals (Urea) - As of May 21, China's urea enterprise inventory increased compared to last week. The urea price in Shandong has declined slightly. - Urea is oscillating. The export - related expectations have been gradually realized, and the 9/1 spread is expected to remain high [70][71]. 2.17 Energy Chemicals (Bottle Chips) - The export quotes of bottle - chip factories are mostly stable. - With falling raw material costs, high industry production, and limited processing - fee decline space, the bottle - chip processing fee is expected to fluctuate at a low level following cost changes [72][74]. 2.18 Energy Chemicals (Soda Ash) - The soda - ash market in South China is stable. The soda - ash futures have strengthened slightly, while the spot market is oscillating steadily. - Short - term soda - ash plant maintenance may support the market, but it is recommended to go short at high levels in the medium term [75][76]. 2.19 Energy Chemicals (Float Glass) - On May 21, the price of float glass in the Shahe market was mostly stable. - The glass futures have risen slightly, but the fundamentals have not changed much. With weak demand and no positive policies, glass prices are expected to remain low. Attention should be paid to real - estate policy changes [76][77]. 2.20 Shipping Index (Container Freight Rates) - Due to a national strike, Belgian ports are facing disruptions. The rumors of Maersk's lower - than - expected cabin opening in June have impacted the European - route futures. - It is recommended to treat the market with a weakly oscillating mindset, as the price from Shanghai to Rotterdam has not been released, and it is less likely to exceed $2,500 per FEU [78].

贵金属 钟俊轩 贵金属研究员 从业资格号：F03112694 交易咨询号：Z0022090 电话：0755-23375141 邮箱： zhongjunxuan@wkqh.cn 沪金涨 2.11 %，报 772.22 元/克，沪银涨 1.68 %，报 8243.00 元/千克；COMEX 金涨 0.30 %， 报 3294.30 美元/盎司，COMEX 银涨 0.43 %，报 33.32 美元/盎司； 美国 10 年期国债收益率 报 4.48%，美元指数报 99.97 ； 市场展望： 受到特朗普表态影响，昨日美国财政赤字预期出现显著转变，驱动金银价格走强。 特朗普及其团队近期大力推动减税法案，上周五，众议院预算委员会否决了共和党的这一税收 法案，保守派反对该法案并要求针对其中的医疗补助部分进行削减。本周三，特朗普的减税法 案虽获得众议院的其中关键委员会通过，但民主党议员及共和党内保守派仍不赞同该法案的主 张，要求进一步大幅修改其中的医疗政策。黄金价格与美国财政赤字的预期扩张程度呈现正相 关关系，因此截至昨日夜盘前，国际金价总体呈现弱势反弹的走势。 贵金属日报 2025-05-21 但在昨夜，美国总统特朗普则明确 ...