固定收益丨深度报告 [Table_Title] 透视券商自营债市策略 ——走在债市曲线之前系列报告（八） %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 丨证券研究报告丨 [Table_Summary] 券商自营债券持仓规模持续增长，但市场占比略有下降，配置结构从以信用债为主转向利率债 与信用债并重，反映出对资本利得的博弈需求增强。其交易行为高频灵活且内部分化显著，久 期呈上升趋势以提升收益。通过胜率模型分析，券商在 10 年期国债上展现出较强的持仓成本 控制能力但止盈表现较弱，在二永债止盈与持仓成本胜率均更优。债券借贷业务是券商重要的 策略工具，参与动机多元，涵盖融资、做空、套息及结算应急等多重维度，以实现杠杆、方向 和套利收益。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 赖逸儒 SAC：S0490524080003 SAC：S0490524120005 SFC：BVN394 SFC：BVZ968 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 2 / 28 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 2 报告要点 [Table_Title 透视券商自营债市策略 2] ——走在 ...

债券研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券周报】 2026 年债券供给和节奏怎么看？ ——债券周报 20251123 ❖ 一、2026 年供给怎么看？ 2026 年为支持稳增长预计财政政策维持积极定调。但赤字率水平已创历史新 高、预计进一步提升空间有限，政策性金融工具等"准财政"工具或仍有发力 空间。预计 2026 年财政政策组合为 4%赤字率（5.88 万亿赤字规模）+2 万亿 特别国债+4.7 万亿专项债+2 万亿置换债，对应 14.6 万亿政府债净融资。 预计 2026 年政府部门杠杆率提高至 74.6%，上行斜率略有放缓。通过"政府 债务余额/年度名义 GDP"的公式，预计 2026 年政府部门杠杆率上行 6.67 个 百分点至 74.6%，较 2025 年 7.05 个百分点的增速有所放缓，中央政府杠杆率 上行 3.34 个百分点至 32.1%，地方政府杠杆率上行 3.33 个百分点至 42.5%。 预计 2026 年利率债净融资为 17.1 万亿，较 2025 年增加 0.8 万亿。 （1）国债：全年净融资=普通国债+特别国债=中央财政赤字+超长期特别国债 +特别国债补充大行资本金=5.1 万亿+1 ...

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of a significant wave of funds exceeding 400 billion yuan from amortized cost method bond funds is set to influence the bond market, particularly with a focus on credit bonds in a low-interest-rate environment [1][2][6] Group 1: Market Dynamics - A large number of amortized cost method bond funds, established between 2019 and 2020, are entering a concentrated "open window" period, with over 80 funds expected to open, totaling more than 400 billion yuan [1][6] - The market is witnessing a structural trend where credit bonds are performing well, driven by increased buying from these funds, while government bonds are relatively stable [4][6] Group 2: Institutional Preferences - Institutional investors favor these funds due to their stable net value calculation method, which mitigates short-term market fluctuations and provides predictable returns [2][5] - The shift in funding sources indicates that bank wealth management products are replacing bank proprietary investments as the main buyers of these funds, reflecting a change in investment strategy [5] Group 3: Future Outlook - The influx of over 2 trillion yuan in amortized cost method bond funds expected to enter the market from November to December is anticipated to benefit 3-5 year credit and government bonds [6] - Despite the positive outlook, analysts caution that credit spreads are already at relatively low levels, suggesting limited room for further declines [6]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - In October, the total bond custody scale increased by 131.24 billion yuan month - on - month, ending the two - month trend of less growth. The rebound of inter - bank certificate of deposit custody scale was the main driving force, while the custody increment of interest - rate bonds declined significantly [3][6]. - The bond market performance eased in October. Long - term interest rates showed a recovery trend, and dropped significantly after the central bank announced the restart of treasury bond trading on the 27th. Trading desks' enthusiasm for bond buying increased significantly, while the allocation willingness of allocation - type institutions declined [3][10]. - Due to the increase in institutions' borrowed funds, the bond market leverage ratio increased slightly by 0.1 pct to 107.4% in October, remaining at a relatively low level. Non - bank institutions' leverage ratio increased, but the absolute level was still not high [3][37]. Group 3: Summary by Directory 10 - month Bond Custody Increment Rebounds, and Inter - bank Certificate of Deposit Net Financing is the Main Support - The total bond custody scale increased by 131.24 billion yuan month - on - month in October, with the inter - bank certificate of deposit custody scale turning from decline to increase for the first time since June this year. The net financing scale of short - term commercial paper and medium - term notes increased, while the custody increment of interest - rate bonds decreased significantly [3][6]. - For interest - rate bonds, the custody increment of treasury bonds, local bonds, and policy - bank bonds all decreased compared with the previous month. For credit bonds, the custody increment of short - term commercial paper and medium - term notes increased, while that of enterprise bonds and PPN continued to decline [6]. The Central Bank Restarts Bond Buying, Market Sentiment Improves, and the Willingness of Trading Desks to Increase Bond Holdings is Significantly Restored - In October, the bond market performance eased. After the central bank announced the restart of treasury bond trading, long - term interest rates dropped significantly. The trading desks' enthusiasm for bond buying increased, while the allocation willingness of commercial banks and insurance companies declined [10]. - **General Funds**: The bond custody scale increased by 104.45 billion yuan month - on - month, turning to increase holdings of inter - bank certificates of deposit, medium - term notes, and short - term commercial paper, and reducing the scale of selling financial bonds [15]. - **Securities Companies**: The bond custody volume increased by 134.8 billion yuan month - on - month, reaching a new high since July 2024, mainly due to a large increase in holdings of treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds [17][19]. - **Insurance Companies**: The bond custody volume decreased by 450 million yuan month - on - month, mainly due to the reduction of holdings of treasury bonds and inter - bank certificates of deposit [22]. - **Overseas Institutions**: The bond custody scale decreased by 5.42 billion yuan month - on - month, with an increased scale of selling domestic bonds, but turning to increase holdings of treasury bonds and reduce holdings of policy - bank bonds [24][25]. - **Other Institutions**: The bond custody volume increased by 35.56 billion yuan month - on - month, with an increase in holdings of treasury bonds and certificates of deposit, and a decrease in holdings of policy - bank bonds [27]. - **Commercial Banks**: The bond custody scale decreased by 25.14 billion yuan month - on - month, mainly due to a significant decrease in the scale of increasing holdings of treasury bonds and an increase in the scale of reducing holdings of local bonds [30]. - **Credit Unions**: The bond custody scale decreased by 206 million yuan month - on - month, mainly due to the reduction of holdings of treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds [34]. In October, the Non - bank Leverage Ratio Increased Beyond Seasonality, but the Absolute Level was Still Not High - In October, the bond market leverage ratio increased by 0.1 pct to 107.4% month - on - month, remaining at a relatively low level. The non - bank institutions' leverage ratio increased by 0.3 pct to 117.2%, but the absolute level was still not high in the past three - year dimension [37]. - Among them, the securities companies' leverage ratio decreased by 3.3 pct to 219.9%, while the leverage ratio of insurance and non - legal person products increased by 0.3 pct to 114.0% [37].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating The report does not mention the industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The year - end bond market rally can still be expected, but the magnitude should be rationally viewed. Bank, insurance, and wealth - management funds still have bond - allocation needs, protecting the market. However, the rate - cut expectation is weaker than in the past two years, so the rally may be limited [5][7][109]. - Currently, the three factors affecting bond - market fluctuations are risk preference, fund sales regulations, and year - end rally. As the negative impacts of risk preference and fee regulations are weakening, the risk of yield rising above the previous high is controllable. Before the implementation of the fee regulations, the bond market may fluctuate narrowly around 1.8%, and a potential decline in yield may occur later [5][7][109]. - Structurally, there is room to explore the spread of 3 - 5y policy - financial bonds. Attention can be paid to 7y CDB bonds in the medium - term, and the 30 - 10y treasury bond term spread may continue to compress. The 30y treasury bond swap strategy can be considered, and 15 - 30y local bonds can be participated in after the November supply peak [5][7][109]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 10 - month Central Bank Balance Sheet and Custody Volume Interpretation - **2025 October Central Bank Balance Sheet Changes**: The central bank's balance - sheet size decreased from 47.14 trillion yuan to 47.06 trillion yuan. The main reduction item on the asset side was "claims on the government", and the main increase item on the liability side was "government deposits". The "other depository corporation deposits" decreased seasonally [12][13][22]. - **Impact of Central Bank Operations on Custody Volume in October 2025**: The net investment scale of innovative tools was close to the change in the custody - account balance. The main incremental bond type was local bonds, and treasury bonds shifted from reduction to increase [27]. 3.2 Leverage Ratio Driven by the carry - trade space, institutions' willingness to increase leverage marginally recovered. In October, the average monthly trading volume of repurchase increased, and the average leverage ratio of bond funds rose. It reached the highest level in early November and then declined due to tightened liquidity [30]. 3.3 By Institution - **Banks**: Big banks' bond - allocation speed slowed down, with both primary - and secondary - market bond - buying efforts decreasing. Rural commercial banks may still have bond - allocation needs as their deposit growth rate exceeds the loan growth rate [42][48][54]. - **Insurance**: In the context of a bullish equity market, the incremental bond investment of insurance companies declined. In Q3 2025, there was an inversion between the incremental bond investment and secondary - market bond - buying scale. However, in the future, there may still be bond - allocation demand for incremental funds [62][70]. - **General Funds**: The bond - allocation sentiment improved. At the end of the year, there may still be a tendency to front - run, but the intensity may weaken. The scale of bond funds increased, and wealth - management products had strong bond - allocation demand, which is beneficial for the year - end rally [72][80][83]. - **Foreign Capital**: The comprehensive return on investing in certificates of deposit decreased, and foreign capital maintained a net outflow, mainly reducing holdings of certificates of deposit and policy - financial bonds while increasing holdings of treasury bonds [84][91]. 3.4 By Bond Type In October, the incremental custody volume of the bond market rebounded, and certificates of deposit and government bonds were the main supporting items. The net financing scale of government bonds decreased, the supply of policy - financial bonds slightly increased, and the net financing of certificates of deposit increased significantly [92][99][102].

"大家最关心的是，银行卖债是否会导致债券收益率快速上行，甚至引发二级市场调整。"一位国有大行 交易部门人士对记者表示。但他同时指出，当前这一行为诉求已明显趋于平稳：一方面，前三季度债市 震荡已导致持有债券浮盈空间收窄，部分银行公允价值变动收益甚至为负；另一方面，信贷需求偏弱、 资产端仍有"缺资产"压力，银行更倾向于增配债券而非集中卖出。 中信证券首席经济学家明明指出，年末银行卖债主要出于两大动因：总行层面确保盈利增速平稳，以及 部门层面实现业绩目标。但结合上市银行财报观察，OCI账户债券占比提升、存量配置盘老券充裕，使 得银行在年末的卖债诉求相对有限。 长江证券固定收益赵增辉团队认为，配债预计继续支撑扩表。从资产投放视角而言，四季度银行信贷投 放一般会季节性走弱，可用资金会向金融投资倾斜；从投资性价比角度来看，银行负债成本下行，为配 债打开一定空间；同时四季度若政府债发行节奏相对趋缓，则从被动承接规模、久期压力方面都会为银 行主动配债打开一定空间。 "缺资产"压力未解。 临近2025年年末，市场再度关注银行是否会通过"卖债兑现浮盈"锁定利润、冲刺部门业绩，从而引发债 市波动。多位机构分析师向记者表示，今年银行 ...

1. Report's Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The central bank focuses on maintaining a reasonable interest rate ratio to prevent financial risks and improve the interest rate transmission system. Four groups of interest rate ratios are analyzed to guide bond market investors [2][12][14]. - In the bond market strategy, it is advisable to continue to explore alpha opportunities and wait for the year - end front - running market. Although year - end front - running by funds may weaken, institutions such as banks, insurance, and wealth management still have bond allocation needs [4][5]. - The bond market lacked a trading theme in the review period, with its trend following the stock market and yields fluctuating slightly around 1.8% [10]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 How to Understand the Central Bank's Interest Rate Ratio? 3.1.1 Why Does the Central Bank Focus on a Reasonable Interest Rate Ratio? - Low - interest environments can lead to "involution" in the financial industry, and an imbalanced interest rate ratio may trigger financial risks. For example, in early 2025, the bond market's over - anticipation of policy rate cuts led to an imbalance between the 10 - year Treasury yield and financial institutions' liability costs [12][13][14]. - A reasonable interest rate ratio is crucial for improving the central bank's interest rate transmission system. Since 2024, the central bank has reformed its monetary policy framework, emphasizing the importance of interest rate ratio in policy transmission and correcting banks' irrational competition [14]. 3.1.2 Clarifying Four Groups of Interest Rate Ratios - **Central Bank Policy Rates and Market Rates**: Policy rates are transmitted to money, bond, and loan markets. Since 2024, the central bank has strengthened its control over the money market, with DR001 fluctuating around the policy rate and DR007 about 10bp higher. The 10 - year Treasury yield is expected to range from OMO + 40bp to OMO + 70bp [15][17][20]. - **Commercial Banks' Asset and Liability Interest Rates**: The central bank emphasizes the balance between banks' liability costs and asset yields. From the end of 2022 to June 2025, deposit rates decreased less than loan rates, causing net interest margin compression. Maintaining a stable net interest margin can expand the central bank's counter - cyclical adjustment space [25][26]. - **Different Types of Asset Yields**: In asset allocation, funds flow to higher - return assets. The central bank prohibits loans with after - tax rates lower than those of Treasury bonds of the same term. Banks also consider tax and capital occupation when comparing assets [32]. - **Bond Asset Interest Rates of Different Terms and Risks**: Term spreads and credit spreads are important indicators for measuring the effectiveness of the bond market pricing mechanism. The central bank may focus on these spreads when managing market interest rates [40]. 3.2 Bond Market Strategy: Continue to Explore Alpha in the Short Term and Wait for the Year - End Front - Running Market 3.2.1 How to View the Year - End Institutional Allocation Market? - **Banks**: With less bond supply at the year - end, weakening credit demand, and limited pressure to realize floating profits, banks may still have an active demand for bond allocation. In 2025, bank bond - holding growth has rebounded, and some banks may have a need to replenish their bond portfolios [44]. - **Insurance**: After the reduction of the预定 interest rate in Q3 2025, insurance premium growth has recovered. Although equity market prosperity has affected bond allocation, long - term bonds are still attractive, and insurance may still have bond - buying demand at the year - end [54]. - **Wealth Management**: "Deposit migration" supports the scale of wealth management products. The scale of bank wealth management has increased, and the bond - buying intensity has also risen, which is conducive to the year - end front - running market [60]. - **Funds**: Based on the expectation of monetary easing, funds still have a tendency to front - run at the year - end, but the intensity may weaken due to limited expectations of interest rate cuts [4][5]. 3.2.2 Strategy: Continue to Explore Alpha in the Short Term and Wait for the Year - End Front - Running Market - Before the implementation of the new fund sales regulations, the 10 - year Treasury yield may fluctuate around 1.8%. After the regulations are implemented, the year - end allocation market may drive the yield down slightly [67]. - The 10 - year Treasury is in a volatile market, and the alpha exploration strategy is in its second half. Currently, 3 - 5 - year policy - financial bonds still have room for spread exploration, while the exploration space for 8 - 10 - year local bonds is limited. Attention can be paid to 7 - year China Development Bank bonds and long - term bonds after the supply peak in November [69][72]. 3.3 Interest Rate Bond Market Review: The Bond Market Lacks a Trading Theme and Fluctuates Slightly with the Stock Market - **Overall Market Performance**: In the second week of November, the bond market lacked a trading theme, with its trend following the stock market. The yield of the 10 - year Treasury fluctuated around 1.8%, with a daily fluctuation of less than 1BP [10]. - **Funding Situation**: The central bank conducted large - scale net OMO injections, and the funding situation remained balanced. The weighted average prices of DR001 and DR007 increased, and the issuance price of 1 - year inter - bank certificates of deposit also rose [11]. - **Primary Market Issuance**: The net financing of Treasury bonds and local bonds increased, while that of policy - financial bonds and inter - bank certificates of deposit decreased [85][87][88]. - **Benchmark Changes**: The term spreads of Treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds both narrowed. The short - end yields of Treasury bonds increased slightly, while the long - end yields decreased slightly. The long - end performance of both Treasury bonds and China Development Bank bonds was better than the short - end [83].

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry or Company Involved - The notes primarily focus on the fixed income market, particularly the credit bond market and convertible bond market in China. Core Points and Arguments 1. **Asset Allocation Trends** - The allocation of amortized cost method funds has significantly shifted towards high-grade credit bonds and commercial bank financial bonds, with proportions exceeding 70% for public credit bonds and commercial bank bonds, reflecting a preference for higher yield assets due to low short-term interest rates [1][3][5] 2. **Market Demand Forecast** - By the end of 2026, the remaining maturity scale of amortized cost method funds is expected to reach 744.4 billion yuan, with incremental funding needs for public credit and commercial bank bonds estimated at 200.2 billion yuan and 136.2 billion yuan respectively, indicating a notable increase in market demand for these assets [1][6] 3. **Credit Risk Management** - High-grade central state-owned enterprise bonds dominate the credit asset holdings, with a focus on low credit risk and valuation fluctuations. The preference remains for high-rated credit and commercial bank financial assets [1][7] 4. **Monetary Policy and Interest Rate Outlook** - The recent slowdown in social financing credit growth and the emphasis on structural optimization rather than rapid stimulus suggest a potential opening of the lower bound for interest rate fluctuations in the medium to long term, although short-term expectations for rate cuts remain unfavorable [1][8][9][10] 5. **Impact of Policy on Credit Growth** - Current policy directions support a slowdown in credit growth, which may lead to a contraction in bank balance sheets. Historical data indicates that during periods of slowed bank expansion, the yield spread between long-term and short-term government bonds tends to widen [1][11][12] 6. **Convertible Bond Market Dynamics** - The convertible bond market faces supply and demand pressures, with expected issuance of 50-100 billion yuan in new convertible bonds over the next 6-12 months. Despite this, strong performance of underlying stocks and capital inflows create a positive feedback loop, limiting long-term valuation compression [2][13] 7. **Investment Strategy for Convertible Bonds** - Suggested strategies include focusing on sectors aligned with upward trends in the equity market, such as solid-state batteries and AI applications, while maintaining a balanced portfolio of cyclical and defensive bonds [2][14][15] 8. **Market Outlook** - The overall market outlook remains optimistic despite external disturbances, with limited downside potential and an upward trend expected to dominate, supported by improved corporate performance and favorable policy developments [2][16] Other Important but Possibly Overlooked Content - The shift in asset allocation reflects a broader trend of institutional investors seeking higher yields in a low-interest-rate environment, indicating a potential long-term change in investment strategies within the fixed income market [1][5] - The emphasis on high-grade assets suggests a cautious approach to credit risk, which may influence future investment decisions and market dynamics [1][7]

Economic Overview - In early November, the first batch of Q4 fundamental data showed inflation recovery but other indicators like credit, fixed asset investment, and real estate sales were below expectations, highlighting a "weak reality" challenge[1] - The central bank has signaled a cautious "loose monetary" stance, indicating that the marginal effectiveness of further easing has declined significantly[1] Monetary Policy Adaptation - From 2022 to 2025, the central bank's approach has shifted from "preemptive" to "reactive," with rate cuts occurring after risk confirmation rather than before[2] - Current economic conditions suggest that industrial value-added and service production indices need to reach approximately 5.2% year-on-year in November-December to offset October's slowdown and meet the annual growth target of 5%[2] Bond Market Strategy - In the short term, the bond market is expected to focus on spread opportunities until a clear direction in interest rates emerges, prioritizing the relative value between different bond types[3] - The expectation for "loose monetary" policy to continue is still present, with potential rate cuts anticipated at the end of the year or early next year[3] Financial Product Trends - The scale of financial products saw a slight decrease of 307 billion yuan, bringing the total to 33.36 trillion yuan, reflecting typical seasonal fluctuations[29] - The proportion of negative returns in financial products has decreased, with the overall negative return rate dropping to 1.77% for the past week[36] Leverage and Risk Indicators - The average leverage ratio in the interbank market has decreased from 107.53% to 107.08%, indicating a tightening of leverage conditions[55] - The average leverage level for non-bank institutions also fell from 113.22% to 112.18%, suggesting a broader trend of deleveraging[55]

Group 1: Market Trends - The peak period for the opening of amortized bond funds is from November 2025 to the first half of 2026, with a total opening scale exceeding 400 billion yuan[12] - In December 2025, the opening scale will reach 107.7 billion yuan, and in March 2026, it will exceed 116 billion yuan, primarily focusing on 3-year and 5-year products[12] - The demand for 3-5 year high-grade credit bonds will continue to be released, maintaining a strong short-term performance[14] Group 2: Fund Allocation Changes - The proportion of credit bonds in amortized bond funds has increased significantly, reaching 14.9% by the end of Q3 2025, up from 1.8% at the end of 2024[13] - Bank wealth management has replaced bank proprietary trading as the core incremental funding source, with holdings in amortized bond funds rising from 17.1 billion yuan to 93 billion yuan, a growth of over 5 times[13] - 84% of the increased funding from wealth management is directed towards products with a closed period of 3 years or less, reinforcing the demand for short- to medium-term credit bonds[13] Group 3: Market Structure Differentiation - The credit bond market is experiencing structural differentiation, with medium- to high-grade credit bonds benefiting significantly, while certain bonds are excluded from the amortized bond fund allocation due to SPPI testing[14] - Long-term credit bonds are less favored due to maturity mismatches and profit-taking by banks, while policy financial bonds are seeing reduced compression dynamics due to the shift towards credit bonds[14] - The overall market is characterized by a notable divergence in performance among different bond types[14]