文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 报告摘要 前言： 本周主要聚焦居民工资。国内居民工资的调查来自季度的居民住户调查以及年度的劳动工资调查。 我们从四个关系予以分析目前的工资情况。包括可支配收入中工资的占比（收入有多依赖工资）、不同群 体工资增速的强与弱、工资总额的分配变化、工资增速与转移性支出增速的比较（工资扣除项）。 一、可支配收入中有多少来自工资？ 根据居民住户调查， 2024 年，全国居民人均可支配收入 41314 元，全国居民人均工资性收入 23327 元， 即可支配收入中来自工资性收入的比重为 56.5% 。 2025 年 1 季度，这一比例为 57.3% ，从 2013 年以来 的同期数据来看，这一比例属于历史同期偏高水平。 关于工资数据，需要强调的是不包括单位缴纳的社保和公积金（注：资金流量表中的劳动者报酬包括）， 包括现金收入和实物收入，包含个人所得税、个人缴纳的社会保险等的应发收入。 私营单位为"内资企业中的私营有限责任公司、私营股份有限公司、个人独资企业和合伙企业。"非私营单 位为"除 ...

宏观研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【每周经济观察】 四个关系看居民工资 主要观点 ❖ 前言：本周主要聚焦居民工资。国内居民工资的调查来自季度的居民住户调查 以及年度的劳动工资调查。我们从四个关系予以分析目前的工资情况。包括可 支配收入中工资的占比（收入有多依赖工资）、不同群体工资增速的强与弱、 工资总额的分配变化、工资增速与转移性支出增速的比较（工资扣除项）。 ❖ 一、可支配收入中有多少来自工资？ 根据居民住户调查，2024 年，全国居民人均可支配收入 41314 元，全国居民 人均工资性收入 23327 元，即可支配收入中来自工资性收入的比重为 56.5%。 2025 年 1 季度，这一比例为 57.3%，从 2013 年以来的同期数据来看，这一比 例属于历史同期偏高水平。 关于工资数据，需要强调的是不包括单位缴纳的社保和公积金（注：资金流量 表中的劳动者报酬包括），包括现金收入和实物收入，包含个人所得税、个人 缴纳的社会保险等的应发收入。 ❖ 二、哪些群体的工资增速更快？ （一）分城乡：农村居民工资增速更高 2024 年城镇居民人均工资性收入增速为 5.04%，与 GDP 增速基本持平。农村 居民人均工资 ...

报告导读： 2025年前5月新增专项债发行16336亿元，同比增长40.7%，有望带动基建实物工 作量回稳。5月建筑业PMI保持扩张，各地工程项目施工继续加快。 前 5 月新增专项债发行加速，有望带动基建实物工作量回稳。 (1)2025 年前 5 月新增专项债发行 16336 亿 元，同比增 40.7% ，发行节奏加快。从月度分布看， 1~5 月单月分别发行 2048 、 3920 、 3635 、 2301 、 4432 亿元，分布较为平均。 (2)2025 年前 5 月发行特殊再融资专项债共 16291 亿元，发行节奏明显前 置。从月度分布看， 1~5 月单月分别发行 1719 、 7823 、 3830 、 2617 、 302 亿元，发行主要集中在一 季度。 2024 年集中在 10 、 11 、 12 月共 21826 亿元， 2023 年在 10 、 11 月共发行 4967 亿元。 (3)2025 前 5 月城投债净融资额 -2248 亿元 (2024 年同期净融资额 -1891 亿元 ) 。从月度分布看， 1~5 月单月净融 资 -693 、 541 、 -617 、 -898 、 -582 ...

经济周周看：本周经济景总体平稳 ——宏观经济周度高频前瞻报告 核心观点 基于前期报告《经济周周看：整体向上，生产偏强，需求涨跌互现——宏观经济周度 高频前瞻报告》中构建的生产端景气周度跟踪框架，我们进一步编制 GDP 周度高频 景气指数，更好地综合把握经济景气强度及变化方向。 从我们构建的 GDP 周度高频景气指数历史回溯来看，GDP 周度高频景气指数在趋势、 节奏上与月度 GDP 的趋势节奏有较好的拟合度，例如 2024 年二季度的回落、三季度 筑底与四季度的大幅改善得到较好拟合，在拐点上有较好提示。未来随着高频数据质 量的进一步完善，有望更好地拟合周度 GDP，使其在弹性强度上更为准确。 证券研究报告 | 宏观深度报告 | 中国宏观 GDP 周度高频景气指数本周（截至 6 月 14 日）为 5.6%，与上周修订值 5.6%基本持 平，或表征经济增长景气相对平稳。 从生产端来看，服务业、工业高频指标较上周总体平稳。 从需求端来看，消费回暖，固投偏弱，出口高频高位震荡。 从价格端来看，本周物价边际承压，系统性回升有待需求侧反弹。 ❑ 风险提示 经济结构转型，传统指标对经济的拟合度下降； 地缘政治博弈强度超预期 ...

Core Viewpoint - The protests in Los Angeles are a precursor to a nationwide movement, triggered by the arrests of 44 undocumented immigrants by ICE, reflecting deeper structural conflicts between the "Rust Belt" and "Sun Belt" regions of the U.S. [1][3] Group 1: Economic Impact of Immigration Policy - The U.S. economy could face a GDP loss of 4.2% to 6.8% (approximately $1.1 trillion to $1.7 trillion) if 1 million undocumented immigrants are deported annually until they are eliminated [1][10] - The construction industry could lose up to 1.5 million workers, agriculture could lose 225,000 workers, and the hotel industry could lose 1 million workers due to mass deportations [6][7] - A report indicates that deporting 500,000 undocumented immigrants could lead to approximately 44,000 native workers losing their jobs, and deporting all 11 million could result in 968,000 native job losses [7] Group 2: Tax Revenue and Government Costs - Undocumented immigrants contributed approximately $967 billion in taxes in 2022, with over one-third being payroll taxes that fund social security and Medicare [11] - The annual cost of deporting 1 million undocumented immigrants is estimated to be around $88 billion, which is significantly higher than the budgets of major government agencies [11] - The Social Security fund could lose about $23 billion annually, and the Medicare fund could lose around $6 billion if undocumented immigrants are fully deported [11] Group 3: Consumer Impact and Inflation - The removal of undocumented immigrants could lead to increased living costs for ordinary Americans, potentially causing inflation [8] - Research suggests that deporting 1.3 million immigrants could raise prices by 1.5%, while deporting 8.3 million could lead to a price increase of up to 9.1% by 2028 [8]

Core Insights - The fifth national economic census in Zhengzhou has been successfully completed, revealing significant growth in the secondary and tertiary industries over the past five years, with improvements in asset scale, revenue, and technological innovation capabilities [1] Group 1: Growth in Legal Entities - The number of legal entities in the secondary and tertiary industries reached 566,000 by the end of 2023, an increase of 181,000 or 46.9% compared to the end of 2018 [2] - The number of industrial activity units was 599,000, up by 186,000 or 45.1% [2] - The number of individual businesses rose to 783,000, an increase of 284,000 or 57.0% [2] Group 2: Employment Trends - By the end of 2023, the secondary and tertiary industries employed 6.125 million people, an increase of 1.138 million or 22.8% since 2018, with 2.279 million being female workers [3] - Employment in the tertiary industry increased by 1.2 million or 39%, while employment in the secondary industry decreased by 62,000 or 3.2% [3] - The top three sectors for employment in the secondary and tertiary industries were wholesale and retail (1.042 million), construction (889,000), and manufacturing (786,000) [3] Group 3: Digital Economy Development - By the end of 2023, there were 60,000 legal entities in the core digital economy sector, employing 587,000 people and generating revenue of 868.06 billion [4] - The digital product manufacturing sector had 857 entities, employing 140,000 people and generating revenue of 605.01 billion [4] - The high-tech manufacturing sector had 259 entities, achieving revenue of 629.28 billion, while the high-tech service sector had 1,027 entities with revenue of 131.14 billion [4]

第一财经研究院发布的最新一期"第一财经首席经济学家信心指数"为50.50，回归50荣枯线以上。经济 学家们认为，中美贸易谈判出现积极信号，短期内国内经济景气度回暖。接下来应进一步提振信心、扩 大内需、深化开放、强化创新，将外部的压力转化为转型升级的动力。以政策工具箱的灵活性来对冲不 确定性，以产业链供应链的韧性来抵御外部的冲击。 工业生产景气度保持平稳 经济学家们认为，接下来应进一步提振信心、扩大内需、深化开放、强化创新，将外部的压力转化为转 型升级的动力。 尽管面临外部冲击影响加大、内部困难挑战叠加的复杂局面，但随着稳经济、稳就业政策措施加快落地 见效，中国主要经济指标有望保持平稳运行。 国家统计局将于6月16日发布5月份宏观经济数据。机构分析，工业、消费、投资等多项经济指标亮点频 现，国民经济应变克难稳定运行，发展质量持续提升。 中信证券分析，2024年同期基数走高，或对5月社会消费品零售总额同比增速构成一定拖累。分商品 看，在"国补"和"618"大促的带动下，家电、通讯器材类商品消费或延续较好表现。预计5月社零同比或 增长4.4%左右。 民生银行首席经济学家温彬表示，5月份，节日需求释放带动相关服务业表 ...

Group 1: US Labor Market and Economic Indicators - The US non-farm payroll report for May showed resilience in the labor market, with 139,000 new jobs added, exceeding the expected 126,000 [2] - The unemployment rate remained at 4.2%, aligning with expectations, but there was notable internal structural divergence, with the U1 unemployment rate decreasing and the U4 rate increasing [2] - Job growth in the service sector was strong, with an increase of 145,000 jobs, particularly in leisure and hospitality, as well as transportation and warehousing, while the goods-producing sector saw a decline of 13,000 jobs [2] Group 2: Wage Growth and Inflation Concerns - Private sector hourly wages increased by 0.4% month-over-month, surpassing the expected 0.3%, with a year-over-year growth rate steady at 3.9% [2] - The broad increase in wages across various sectors has intensified inflation concerns, providing the Federal Reserve with more reasons to maintain a cautious stance [2] Group 3: China's Foreign Trade Performance - China's foreign trade maintained a steady growth trajectory, with total goods trade value reaching 17.94 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.5% [3] - Exports amounted to 10.67 trillion yuan, growing by 7.2%, while imports fell by 3.8% to 7.27 trillion yuan [3] - The central region of China led the growth in foreign trade, significantly outpacing the national average, supported by the "Central China Rising" strategy [3] Group 4: US-China Economic Negotiations - Following internal conflicts within the US administration, there is potential for a shift in the US's hardline stance during US-China economic negotiations, with initial meetings expected to yield positive outcomes [4] - US Treasury Secretary and Commerce Secretary reported productive discussions, indicating a possible easing of external pressures on China's economy [4]

Core Insights - The Small and Medium Enterprises Development Index (SMEDI) in China rose to 89.5 in May, an increase of 0.3 points from April, marking a significant recovery after two months of decline [1] - The improvement in the index is attributed to enhanced macroeconomic policies, better supply-demand relationships in certain industries, and a noticeable recovery in economic sentiment, which has positively influenced small and medium enterprises' performance and investment willingness [1] Economic Indicators - In May, various economic indices showed positive changes compared to April: - Macroeconomic sentiment index increased by 0.7 points - Comprehensive operation index rose by 0.6 points - Market index up by 0.2 points - Capital index increased by 0.3 points - Labor index grew by 0.2 points - Input index up by 0.4 points - Efficiency index increased by 0.4 points - The cost index remained stable compared to April, indicating a favorable trend in the operational environment for small and medium enterprises [1] Industry Performance - In May, several industries experienced growth compared to April: - Industrial sector increased by 0.6 points - Transportation sector rose by 0.6 points - Real estate sector up by 0.2 points - Wholesale and retail sector increased by 0.1 points - Information transmission and software sector grew by 0.4 points - Accommodation and catering sector also rose by 0.4 points - However, the construction and social services sectors saw declines of 0.2 points and 0.3 points, respectively, indicating a mixed performance across industries [1] Regional Analysis - The development indices for small and medium enterprises in May by region were as follows: - Eastern region: 90.5 - Central region: 90.3 - Western region: 88.7 - Northeastern region: 81.8 - The ongoing release of policy effects has led to a noticeable recovery in development expectations for small and medium enterprises, although challenges remain due to external uncertainties and the need for further domestic demand and consumption stimulation [2]

Economic Growth - Morocco's economy is projected to grow by 3.8% in 2024, slightly higher than the 3.7% growth in 2023, driven mainly by domestic demand while facing inflation and increased financing needs [1] - The GDP growth at current prices is expected to be 7.9% in 2024, down from 11% in 2023, indicating a reduction in inflationary pressures [1] Sector Performance - The primary sector is underperforming, with an overall value added decline of 4.5%, agricultural output shrinking by 4.8%, and fisheries growth slowing from 6.9% in 2023 to 2.6% in 2024 [1] - The secondary sector shows strong growth, with value added increasing by 4.2% in 2024 compared to only 0.8% in 2023, driven by mining (+13%), construction (+5%), manufacturing (+3.3%), and utilities (+2.6%) [1] - The tertiary sector remains active but experiences a slight slowdown, with growth rates decreasing from 5% in 2023 to 4.6% in 2024, although sectors like transportation and storage (+7.4%) and financial services (+7.3%) are accelerating [1] Income and Savings - National disposable income is expected to grow by 7.7% in 2024, down from 10.2% in 2023, while the national savings rate rises to 28.9% of GDP, compared to 28% in 2023 [2] - The investment rate is projected to be 30.1% of GDP in 2024, up from 29% in 2023, leading to an increase in the financing gap from 1% of GDP to 1.2% [2]